본 연구는 생식생장기 가뭄 스트레스의 강도가 밀의 지상부 생리반응, 지하부의 형태학적 발달 및 종실수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행되었 다. 포장실험은 경남 진주시 대곡면에 위치한 경상국립대학교 부속농장에서 2024년 10월부터 2025년 6월까지 산파한 앉은뱅이밀을 이용하여 실시였다. 밀의 생식생장기에 비가림시설(rainout shelter)을 설치하여 대조구(open field), 약한발(-0.5±0.2 MPa), 강한발(-1.2±0.2 MPa)처리를 하였다. 가뭄 스트레스에 의해 등숙기 초장은 대조구 대비 약한발과 강한발 처리에서 각각 8.8, 5.7% 감소였으나, 엽면적지수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 등숙기 지엽(flag leaf)의 광합성 속도는 대조구 대비 약한발과 강한발에서 각각 33.0, 31.3%, 기공전도도는 각각 40.0, 43.3% 감소하였다. 지하부의 경우, 토양수분 확보에 필요한 분얼당 뿌리 길이는 가뭄 스트레스 처리구가 대조구에 비해 출수기에 증가하는 방향으로 가뭄에 대한 반응을 보였다. 종실 수량과 수확지수는 강한발 처리구에서 대조구 대비 각각 24.3%, 42.9% 감소하여 가뭄에 의한 수량감소 효과가 컸다. 따라서 봄철 가뭄은 밀의 뿌리발달은 증가시키나 광합성속도 감소와 지상부의 발달 저하를 초래하고 수량 감소를 일으킬 수 있으며 그 영향은 가뭄 스트레스 정도에 따라 다르게 나타난다.

This study evaluated the applicability of ‘Baromi2’ (B2) rice flour as a functional ingredient in lean bread by replacing wheat flour at levels of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Bread was produced under standardized baking conditions, and its quality characteristics were assessed through physicochemical analyses (including specific volume, texture, and color). The internal crumb structure was also examined to assess gluten network integrity. As the substitution level increased, finished product volume decreased and crumb hardness significantly increased, indicating weakening of the gluten network. Internal structure analysis revealed that higher substitution levels and reduced pore evenness. Among the samples, the 10% substitution level produced bread with the most balanced texture and crumb structure. These results suggest that ‘B2’ rice flour can be used to partially replace wheat flour in lean bread to enhance nutritional diversity and maintain product quality.

This study was conducted to evaluate the germination rate, chemical composition, and in vitro digestibility of sprouted barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sprouts depending on cultivar and growth duration. Four cultivars Keunalbori1ho, Saekeumkang, Arijinheuk, and Jokyoung were tested under hydroponic and nutrient solution conditions. The germination rate was significantly higher under hydroponic conditions compared to nutrient solution treatment. Sprouts were harvested at 0, 4, 6, and 8 days for subsequent analysis. Chemical compositions, such as dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and crude ash (CA), were analyzed following AOAC (2005) protocols, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were determined according to the method of Van Soest et al. (1991). In vitro digestibility was assessed by incubating ground samples with rumen buffer in DaisyII incubators for 48 h. At day 6 of growth, Keunalbori1ho showed the highest NDF and ADF concentrations (48.6% and 26.2%), reflecting its high structural fiber and the lowest digestibility (IVDMD 52.2%, IVNDFD 37.2%). However, it maintained consistent nutritional characteristics across all growth stages, suggesting potential as a stable forage source. In contrast, Saekeumkang exhibited the highest IVNDFD (59.1%) along with relatively low NDF (30.5%) and ADF (16.7%) values (p<0.05), indicating superior digestibility likely attributed to a simpler cell wall structure and higher NFC availability. Notably, digestibility sharply declined by day 8, implying that the optimal harvest window lies around day 6. Therefore, this study suggests that the cultivars Keunalbori1ho and Saekeumkang possess complementary strengths in terms of chemical composition and digestibility, underscoring the importance of optimizing cultivar selection and harvest timing to enhance the potential of cereal sprouts as high quality forage.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a significant cereal crop from the Gramineae family, serves as a vital source of protein, essential minerals, B-group vitamins, and dietary fiber. However, its productivity is often hindered by issues such as poor seed germination, which can adversely affect yield and crop quality. This study investigated the effects of different silicon concentrations and priming durations on wheat germination and seedling growth. Analysis of variance revealed that silicon treatment significantly influenced key parameters of germination and growth, including germination percentage (GP), germination index (GI), vigor index (VI), radicle length (RL), plumule length (PL), and seedling dry weight (SDW). Priming with silicon at a concentration of 1 mM resulted in notable improvements, increasing GP, GI, VI, RL, and PL by 10.6%, 65.5%, 29.4%, 18.6%, and 28.6%, respectively, after 6 hours of priming. Certain germination traits demonstrated strong positive correlations, particularly GP and GI (r = 0.96) and VI and RL (r = 0.94), after 4 hours of priming. These improvements in seed germination and seedling development may result from enhanced water uptake, stimulated cell division, and increased hydrolytic enzyme activity, which facilitate the mobilization of seed reserves and accelerate the growth of embryonic tissues.

This study aimed to compare effects of cultivation areas (upland and reclaimed land) and harvest time on contents of bioactive components and antioxidant activities of wheat sprouts. Contents of Ca and K were higher in upland, while content of Mg was higher in reclaimed land. Mineral content decreased after winter, regardless of the harvest time. Total dietary fiber increased by 24.3% in reclaimed land and improved by 45.2% after winter, with Ariginheuk showing the highest fiber content (34.41 ± 0.53 g/100 g). Total polyphenols increased by 48.6% in reclaimed, but decreased by 26.7% after winter. Similarly, flavonoids increased by 87.8% in reclaimed land but declined after winter. Content of octacosanol, a key bioactive compound, was 33.2% higher (7.75 ± 0.09 mg/g) in Ariginheuk grown in reclaimed land and decreased after winter. Antioxidant activities measured by ABTS and DPPH assays increased by 51.4% and 82.4%, respectively, in reclaimed land, with pre-winter harvests showing higher scavenging abilities. Overall, reclaimed land generally showed higher contents of bioactive components, with contents of pre-winter harvests being more beneficial. These findings highlight significant differences in wheat sprouts' physiological activities based on cultivation area and harvest time, suggesting that reclaimed land and pre-winter harvesting might offer advantages.