A twelve-year-old, spayed female Siamese cat was presented for health screening. Abdominal radiography revealed a large amount of mineral opacity substances of various sizes and shapes, along with mild gaseous dilation proximal to the lesion. Ultrasonography showed hyperechoic surface with acoustic shadowing at the ileum and wall thickening of the ileum. Enterotomy was performed to remove the foreign bodies, which were numerous hairball- and stone-like objects. Analysis of the enteroliths revealed a composition of calcium phosphate. Although enterolithiasis is considered rare in cats, it should be included in the differential diagnosis when numerous pebble-like mineral opacity lesions are observed.

Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a bacterial infection which primarily transmitted to humans through scratches, bites, or licks from infected cats. Even though CSD is generally a mild condition, atypical symptoms may appear and must be distinguished from other diseases. We encountered a 57-year-old woman who presented with intermittent pain in the right upper quadrant and epigastric part of the abdomen, and had lost 11 kg within a few months. She never had a cat and did not recall being scratched by a cat. Radiologic examinations strongly suggest a malignant bile duct tumor, thus liver resection was done. However, the result of histopathology was a CSD. At follow-up, the patient was stable and also showed improvement in her general condition. Hence, proper preoperative examinations of the patients are crucial in order to avoid excessive or inadequate treatment.

Nasopharyngeal stenosis is defined as a morphological transition of narrowing at the nasopharyngeal region. A 2-yearold, castrated male, Korean short hair cat was referred to the animal medical center, Gyeongsang National University. According to clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, and physical examination, nasopharyngeal stenosis was diagnosed. The staphylectomy was performed using a CO2 laser, and there were not any post-operative complications. The patient was discharged in two days. This report describes the case of nasopharyngeal stenosis in cat and represents that laser ablation could be a good option for surgical management of the nasopharyngeal region with a low complication rate.

수산물을 활용한 반려묘 간식개발을 위하여 명태, 조피볼락, 넙치, 돌돔, 연어 및 참치 등의 부산물을 고압고온에서 삶아 그 농축액을 반려묘에게 급여하였다. 반려묘의 기호도가 높은 실험구는 연어와 참치 농축액이었다. 여기에 통영에서 생산되는 멸치, 홍합 및 굴 건조물을 분쇄하여 첨가한 결과 모든 구에서 섭식행동을 나타내었다. 시중에 판매되고 있는 기존의 반려묘 간식과 차별화를 위하여 멍게껍질에 함유된 콘드로이친황산(ChS)을 추출하고 일정량을 연어 및 참치 농축액에 첨가하여 섭식을 실험한 결과 모두 잘 먹는 것으로 나타났다. 과잉생산 된 수산건제품을 반려묘 간식 개발에 활용할 수 있어 수산부산물의 활용방안을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

예이츠는 평생 동안 점성술에 관심을 가졌으며, 그 점성술의 구조와 핵심 으로 그의 사상체계를 정립한다. 『고양이와 달』은 이 작품의 주인공들, 맹인 거지와 절름발이 거지의 행동에서 점성술적 요소를 드러낸다. 맹인 거지는 초승달의 어두운 부분을, 절름발이 거지는 초승달의 밝은 부분을 의미한다. 맹인 거지가 절름발이 거지를 등에 업은 것은 한 개의 초승달을 상징한다. 또한 고양이 미나로우쉬의 두 눈동자에서 변화되고 있는 달은 달의 힘이 고양이의 삶에 미치고 있는 점성술적 요소를 재현한다. 이처럼 예이츠는 이 극작품에서 달의 상들이 인간의 운명과 성격뿐만 아니라 자아와 반자아, 육체와 영혼 사이의 갈등과 조화에 영향을 미치고 있는 점성술을 노래하고 있다.

외로움은 사회적 연결 욕구가 충족되지 못할 때 갖게 되는 고통스러운 경험이다. 의인화는 동물이나 무생물(예: 컴퓨터)에게 인간의 속성을 부여하는 것인데 비해, 비인간화(dehumanization)는 의인화와 반대되는 과정으로서, 인간을 동물이나 무생물로 인식하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 외로움, 사회적 연결욕구 및 의인화의 관계를 분석하고, 외로움이 의인화, 외집단의 비인간화에 끼치는 영향을 검증하는데 있다. 연구 1에서는 외로움, 사회적 연결욕구 및 의인화의 관계를 분석하고자 외로움 질문지와 의인화과제를 실시하였다. 그 결과 참가자가 외로움을 강하게 느낄수록 컴퓨터와 동물에 대한 의인화의 경향이 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 실험상황에서 작문과제를 통해 연구참가자들에게 외로움의 정서를 유도한 후, 통제조건에 비해 의인화, 비인간화의 경향 및 이웃에 대한 신뢰감에서 차이가 나타나는지를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 외로움의 조건에서 통제조건보다 의인화, 비인간화 및 이웃에 대한 부정적 정서가 유의하게 더 높게 나타났다. 이 결과는 동물과 무생물에 대한 의인화는 외로움을 해결하기 위한 사회적 연결욕구와 관계가 있으며, 외로움은 다른 인간에 대한 비인간화 및 이웃에 대한 비호감에 영향을 끼칠 가능성을 시사한다.

A liver mass was incidentally revealed in a 10-year-old male neutered Himalayan cat on radiographic examination conducted in a local animal hospital. The abdominal distention had worsened over the past five months, along with intermittent vomiting and nausea for two weeks. Serum chemistry was unremarkable, except for elevated alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Radiography revealed a round-shaped soft mass in the cranial abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a well defined, massive, fluid-filled cyst with multiple lobes, and heterogeneous echogenicity in the pancreas. Computed tomography examination revealed hypoplasia of the left lobes of the liver, but the vascular changes and enhancement of the mass were not observed on contrast computed tomography images. The herniation of the abdominal fat through the diaphragm was incidentally observed on sonography and computed tomography scan. The patient was tentatively diagnosed with pancreatic cyst. The laparotomy revealed that the origin was not related to the pancreas, but was suspended from the liver. The mass was multilobular and filled with approximately 120 ml of fluid containing a few white blood cells. The patient recovered from anesthesia, but showed postoperative respiratory depression and died of cardiac arrest 15 hours later. Histopathologically, the mass was definitively diagnosed to be hepatic cellular carcinoma.

A 2-month-old Turkish Angora cat presented with multiple skin masses after first vaccination and spot-on antiparasitic treatment. There was no hair loss or pruritis, and tests revealed negative for the feline leukemia and immunodeficiency viruses. Biopsy revealed densely packed eosinophils in sparse dermal tissue with a few mast cells. These lesions did not respond promptly to prednisolone treatment, but they regressed without relapse over the following month, despite sequential vaccinations and anti-parasitic treatment. The present case is interesting considering the rarity of multiple eosinophilic granuloma development in a very young cat with a recent history of vaccination and antiparasitic treatment.

The increase of feral cat population due to man-made activities, such as cat-mom activities, has become a social problem, although cats have lived with humans for a long time worldwide. Nevertheless, in Seoul City, the effectiveness of Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) management plan has not been evaluated yet. In this study, we calculated the population size of feral cats in Seoul City, which is useful information for feral cat management. Seoul City was divided into 196 areas based on 2012 TNR density data. In each group, 3 areas were selected for a total of 9 areas. Out of those, 6 areas (3 apartment and 3 non-apartment areas) that could be clearly separated by mountains, rivers or roads based on Seoul City Geographical Information System (GIS) were finally selected and they were representative of the two different residential styles (44.21% apartment area and 55.79% non-apartment area). Population size of feral cats was estimated from 3 on-site surveys over 3 days. The results of the survey showed that the population of feral cats in Seoul City ranged between 209,772 and 272,816. Results of this study will be used to develop a policy to control and manage the population of feral cats.

A 2-year-old, spayed male Bengal cat was referred to our clinic due to a mass lesion on the upper lip, as well as lower lip swelling and redness. Furthermore, well-circumscribed, raised, pink lesions were found in the oral cavity. Complete blood counts (CBC) and serum biochemistry profiles revealed no remarkable findings. Bacterial and fungal cultures of the lesion in the oral cavity were negative. Fine needle aspiration of the lesions revealed numerous eosinophils. Based on both clinical examination and cytological evaluation, the cat was diagnosed with feline eosinophilic granuloma. As an initial treatment, oral prednisolone (PDS) with cyclosporine was administered. However, the cyclosporine caused the cat to vomit. The lesion was markedly improved after 2 weeks of PDS-only therapy; this was subsequently tapered for 2 months and discontinued. However, one month later, the lesion had relapsed. The cat was then treated for one month using tacrolimus with PDS, and the clinical signs of eosinophilic granuloma gradually improved. The tacrolimus was gradually tapered for 1 month, and the PDS was gradually tapered for 4 months. There is no standard protocol for the investigation and treatment of feline eosinophilic granuloma. The cat in this report was administered immunosuppressive therapies to treat eosinophilic granuloma. This case report provides evidence the combination of PDS and tacrolimus is effective for reducing relapse in feline eosinophilic granuloma.

예이츠 희극 『고양이와 달』은 맹인 거지와 절름발이 거지가 불구를 치유 하기 위해 기적의 샘을 찾아가는 이야기를 극화한 작품이다. 이 극은 초기 희극 『고깃 국 냄비』를 연상시키지만, 예이츠는 이 극에 『비전』에 제시한 자신의 철학을 담은 사실을 주석에서 밝힘으로써 복잡한 해석을 유발하고 있다. 독자와 관객은 극의 표면적 이야기를 그대로 받아들여 단순히 웃고 즐기는 대신에 극의 상징적 의미를 추구하게 된다. 이 글에서는 『고양이와 달』을 이해하는 한 가지 방법으로서 먼저 작품 자체를 분석하여 작가가 어떻게 자신의 철학을 극화시켰는지를 밝히고, 다음으로 극의 해석에 있어 외적 자료의 필요성을 검토하려고 한다

멸종위기 야생동물의 서식지 특성 이해는 종과 서식지를 보전하기 위해 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 GIS를 이용하여 멸종위기종인 삵의 서식지 특성을 조사하였다. GIS 분석을 위하여 삵의 위치자료와 11개의 환경 인자를 이용하였고, GIS분석을 위한 연구대상지로 오대산국립공원을 선정하였다. 연구 결과 삵은 오대산국립공원의 일반적인 숲 구성에 해당하는 활엽수림, 수관밀도 밀밀도, 영급 5영급, 경급 중경목 지역을 선호하였다. 그러나 삵은 오대산국립공원 평균 고도(901.4m)보다 높은 고도(1,045m)와 오대산 평균 경사도(22.1°) 보다 낮은 경사도(15.7°)를 선호했다. 본 논문의 연구결과와 선행된 연구결과와 비교를 통해, 삵이 선호하는 서식지 환경에 대한 포괄적으로 범위를 결정할 수 있다. 삵은 수목연령은 5-6영급, 고도는 800-1100 m 경사도는 15-24°, 사면향은 남서향, 수계로부터의 거리는 200-300 m, 주거지나 농경지로부터는 1400 m 이상 떨어진 지점을 선호하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

W. B. 예이츠와 새뮤엘 베켓은 그 이전의 극작가들과 다른 모더니스트 극작가들이다. 본 논문은 예이츠의 『고양이와 달』과 벳켓의 『고도를 기다리며』 속의 설화학의 독특한 기법을 밝히고자 한다. 이 두 작가는 복잡한 플롯에서 보이는 복선, 원인과 결과, 문제, 점층법, 결말 등이 없다. 이들에게 세상의 실체는 주변의 사람들에 대한 세밀한 묘사(설화)로써 보여 지는 것이 라기 보다, 기다란 독백 대신 두 인물을 포개놓음으로써 내면의 자아에 대한 내면적 견해를 드러내어 보여 주는 것이다. 이것이 이 두 작가가 자신의 극을 극적으로 만드는 기법이다. 그러나, 각 작품에서 겉보기에 두 인물이 이어지는 사건과 무관한 말들을 주고받는 것 같지만, 그들의 말은 우리의 눈으로는 관찰하기 어려운 실체를 드러낸다. 이것이 예이츠와 베켓이 우리가 사는 세계를 묘사(설화)하는 방법인 것이다.

The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for 18 linear conformation traits and overall conformation score in Holstein cattle. A total of 376,606 records for type traits were collected from 2001 to 2011 from Korea Animal Improvement Association. The model of estimation of variance components and correlations among lactations using VCE included both fixed effects (herd-year-season and stage of lactation parity-wise) and random effect (animal additive genetic). The estimated heritabilities (h2) for capacity class, such as stature, chest width, body depth, angularity, and body condition score were 0.32, 0.16, 0.27, 0.12, and 0.19, respectively. Rump angle and width from rump class also showed h2 of 0.31 and 0.17, respectively. The heritabilities in udder class were mostly low to medium; in which traits were fore udder attachment (0.13), rear udder height (0.17), udder support (0.11), udder depth (0.33), front teat placement (0.17), front teat length (0.21), and rear teat placement (0.21). For feet and legs composite class, the estimated heritabilities for rear leg set, foot angle, rear leg rear view, and locomotion were 0.12, 0.07, 0.08, and 0.03, respectively. The h2 estimated for overall conformation score was 0.16 in the study. The genetic and environmental variance components estimated from this study would be helpful to change from single lactation animal models to multiple lactation animal models in the national genetic evaluation system for the improvement of linear type traits. Moreover, The breeding values obtained using these variance components would be able to be used in the calculation of Korean type production index (KTPI), udder composite (UDC) and, feet and legs composite (FLC).

A 10-year-old castrated male Korean shorthair cat weighing 4 kg was referred with signs of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus based on clinical signs of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Diagnosis of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) was made based on results of an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test and a dexamethasone screening test. In addition, plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) increased. Radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) revealed hepatomegaly, renomegaly, and adrenomegaly affecting both adrenal glands as well as multiple cysts in a generally enlarged pancreas. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the cat’s pituitary gland was enlarged. The pituitary gland had a predominantly unilateral extension to the left. The signal intensity of the pituitary gland on precontrast T1 weighted images was hypointense compared to that of soft tissue and hyperintense compared to that of cerebrospinal fluid. On T2 weighted images, the pituitary gland was predominantly hypointense with a hyperintense rim. Contrast enhancement of the pituitary gland was not evident, and a mild degree of ring-like enhancement was seen. In addition, mild peritumoral edema was present. This is the first report of a cat with suspected double adenoma of the pituitary gland on the basis of compatible clinical signs, increased serum IGF-1 concentration, PDH, CT images, and MRI findings in diabetic cats with insulin resistance.

고양이와 달은 일본의 연극 광언의 영향을 받았지만, 예이츠는 자신의 극작가 예이츠, 시인 예이츠의 탁월한 재능으로 새롭고 창의적이기까지 한 극을 만들었다. 예이츠는 이 고양이와 달에 “가장 근접하고 가장 정교한” 표현이라는 개념을 적용하여 완벽한 예이츠적인 극으로 만들고자 한다. 또한, 이 3중으로 구성된 검은고양이 미나루쉬의 노래(동일한 제목의 시가 3분된)는 이 광언 극의 구조적 원리가 된다. 이로 인해서 이 극은 이상하고도 아름다운 희극으로 변모한다.

A 7-year-old, spayed female, domestic short hair cat showed signs of a 2-week history of chronic anorexia, depression, and severe weight loss. Upon physical examination, pyrexia, mild gingivitis, and pale mucus membranes were noted. Laboratory analysis revealed normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed the presence of elevated alpha-2 fraction within the globulin concentration. Based on history, clinical signs, and laboratory results, systemic viral infection was strongly suspected. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction identified the presence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in the serum. Furthermore, gene sequencing revealed the virus as FIV subtype A. Treatment with anti-retroviral agents, including azidothymidine (AZT) and recombinant human interferon-alpha, was continued for 4 weeks. However, the patient’s clinical condition deteriorated, resulting in death 1 month after initiation of treatment due to progressive renal failure. Necropsy and histopathology revealed hepatic and renal necrosis with hyper-cellular bone marrow mainly comprised of myeloid precursor cells. This case report is the first to describe phylogenetic subtyping, anti-retroviral combination treatment, and clinical outcomes in an FIV-infected cat in Korea. In addition, this report suggests that treatment should be initiated during the early phase of infection that could be effective for the virus.

Cats form social groups in which individuals recognize each other, and the cohesiveness of the group is maintained by a variety of amicable behaviors. We are aimed to provide the available knowledges about the prevention and correction methods for the behavior problems in cats through literature review. As the results, The behavior problems of cats may occur between group members and between group members and non-group members. Within the domestic environment, the behavior problems of cats may become a problem when it is directed at house-mates or humans. Differential diagnosis and treatment of various problems of the behavior problems of cats are discussed.

예이츠의 「바일리의 바다 」는 셰익스피어의 주요 비극들을 연상시킨다. 「리어 왕」의 바보와 「맥베스」의 3마녀는 예이츠의 「바일리의 바다」의 바보와 장님과 유사한 기능을 가지고 있다. 파도와 생사가 걸린 결투를 하는 쿠후린은 고통으로 폭풍 속에서 울부짖는 리어왕을 상기시킨다. 이 논문은 첫 눈에는 잘 드러나지 않지만 예이 츠가 셰익스피어를 어떻게 차용하는지를 이해하기 위해 예이츠의 「바일리의 바다」와 셰익스피어의 「리어 왕」과「맥베스 」탐색한다.

The karyotype of Korean short-hair cat was presented using the G-, C- and NOR- banding techniques. For chromosomes preparation, the fetus skin fibroblast cells were cultured and metaphases were obtained. In results, the Korean short-hair cat had 38 chromosomes with XX or XY, which consisted of 5 pairs of metacentric chromosomes(Group A and C), 3 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes (Group B), 6 pairs of medium metacentric chromosomes except for 1 pair of medium submetacentric D2 chromosomes (Group D, E), 2 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes(Group F) and metacentric X and Y sex chromosomes. In G-banding analysis, the Korean short-hair cat exhibited a typical and identical G-banding pattern in each homologous chromosome. Total number of bands and landmarks on the G-banded chromosomes of Korean short-hair cat well correspond to those of international standardization of karyotype of domestic cat. The heterochromatins of Korean short-hair cat chromosomes distributed at terminal and/or centromere regions on almost chromosomes by C-banding analysis. In addition, the C-banding pattern showed greatly heteromorphic in some chromosomes. Using the AgNOR-staining, we found the nucleolar organizer regions(NORs) of Korean short-hair cat located at chromosomes 1p12 site in E group. The quantity and number of NORs were constant among cells.