본 연구에서는 병원균인 Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium 그리고 Escherichia coli O157:H7을 이산화염소수와 전해수에 0분, 2분, 4분, 6분, 8분 및 10분간 반응시켜 이산화염소수와 전해수의 살균 효과를 확인하고, 그람 양성균(B. cereus, S. aureus)과 그 람 음성균(S. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7)의 민감성 비 교를 실시하였다. B. cereus, S. aureus, S. Typhimurium 그 리고 E. coli O157:H7의 이산화염소수에서의 D값은 1.85±0.64, 2.06±0.85, 2.26±0.89 그리고 2.59±0.40분으로 나 타났고 전해수의 경우 각각 2.13±0.32, 1.64±0.64, 1.71±0.32 그리고 1.86±0.36분으로 나타났다. 각 용액에 처리한 10분 간 모든 균주에서 꾸준한 감소 추세를 나타내었으며 각 용액에서 각 균주의 D값은 서로 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). 이산화염소수와 전해수의 살균력을 비교 한 결과 D값은 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, pH 와 유효염소농도 모두 이산화염소가 전해수보다 낮은 값 을 보였다. 살균·소독을 실시할 대상의 pH에 대한 민감성 과 같은 특성을 고려하여 최적의 살균제를 선택하고, 최 적의 농도를 결정하여 식품 산업에 적용하기 위한 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

Electrolyzed water(EW) was used for washing of mungbean sprouts to reduce microorganism counts. The aerobic bacteria and yeasts and mold counts in commercial mungbean sprouts were 7.67 and 7.70 log CFU/g, respectively, indicating that the contamination level of the sprouts was very high. Mungbean sprouts were washed EW produced at varying flow rates of brine and water streams. EW produced with 100 ml/min of brine and 300 ml/min of water showed the best performance in reducing microorganisms without affecting the sensory quality of mungbean sprouts. The EW washing showed no signification negative effects on reducing sugar, total phenolics and DPPH radical scavenging activity of mungbean sprout. For further storage of mungbean sprouts. EW washing was effective for reducing microbial counts during storage.

A nonthermal method of decontamination using electrolyzed water (EW) or/and ultrasonification (US) was used for microbial reduction of black pepper. Aerobic bacteria and yeasts and mold in commercial black pepper powder were found to be 8.29 and 7.72 log(CFU/g), respectively. The optimum EW was produced at flow rates of brine and water of 100 mL/min and 300 mL/min, respectively. Using EW, reducing by 1.36 log of aerobic bacteria and 1.15 log of yeasts and mold were observed. The combination of US with distilled water (DW) treatment reduced aerobic bacteria by 0.74 log and yeasts and mold by 1.03 log. The best decontamination results were obtained with US combined with EW, resulting 1.48 log reduction of aerobic bacteria and 1.70 log reduction of yeasts and mold. The inactivation pattern of microorganism by EW or/and US fitted well to first-order-kinetics model. The black pepper quality in terms of color, piperine contents and sensory properties was not changed by any of tried treatments compare to controls.

Electrolyzed water (EW) has been regarded as a new sanitizer by food industry. In this study, EW was used for perilla leaves sanitization. The optimum EW was produced at flow rates of brine and water of 100 mL/min and 300 mL/min, respectively. By soaking in EW only, the initial microbial counts of aerobic bacteria were reduced by 1.73 log(CFU/g), while 1.94 log(CFU/g) reduction was noted by using EW soaking followed by CDPJ treatment. In similar manner, counts of yeasts and molds were reduced by 1.83 and 2.06 log(CFU/g); coliform were reduced by 1.13 and 1.3 log(CFU/g), respectively. Combination of EW and CDPJ was more effective for microbial reduction. EW treatment did not affect sensory properties, instrumental color characteristics. However, it was observed that total phenolics and DPPH radical scavenging activity of perilla leaves were significantly increased with EW soaking time.

In this study, a two-factor-six-level factorial design was adopted for optimizing brine (saturated salt solution) and water flow rates in electrolyzed water generator in order to produce electrolyzed water (EW) having best performance for vegetable washing. The pH, electro-conductivity, chlorine contents of produced EW were determined. The optimum EW for broccoli sprouts washing was produced at flow rates of brine and water of 100 mL/min and 300 mL/min respectively. The optimum washing time was 20 s based on the quality of washed broccoli sprouts. The microbial counts were decreased by 1.4 log for aerobic bacteria and 1.0 log for yeasts and mold. The functional quality and sensory characteristics of broccoli sprouts were unaffected by the EW washing. The results demonstrated the applicability of EW for the improvement of hygiene of broccoli sprouts without affecting quality.

Biofilms of oral microbes can cause various diseases in the oral cavity, such as dental caries, periodontitis and mucosal disease. Electrolyzed water generated by an electric current passed via water using a metal electrode has an antimicrobial effect on pathogenic bacteria which cause food poisoning. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of electrolyzed waters using various metal electrodes on the floatage and biofilms of oral microbes. The electrolyzed water was generated by passing electric current using copper, silver and platinum electrodes. The electrolyzed water has a neutral pH. Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were cultured, and were used to form a biofilm using specific media. The floatage and biofilm of the microbes were then treated with the electrolyzed water. The electrolyzed water using platinum electrode (EWP) exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against the floatage and biofilm of the oral microbes. However, the electrolyzed water using copper and silver electrodes had no effect. The EWP disrupted the biofilm of oral microbes, except the S. mutans biofilm. Comparing the different electrolyzed waters that we created the platinum electrode generated water may be an ideal candidate for prevention of dental caries and periodontitis.

This study was performed to compared the effectiveness of individual treatments (electrolyzed water: EW, organic acid, and ultrasound) and their combination on reducing foodborne pathogens from perilla leaves. Perilla leaves were innoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus. Inoculated perilla leaves were treated with EW combined with different concentration of acetic acid (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%) for 1 min at room temperature. Treatment of 3 pathogens on perilla leaves with electrolyzed water combined with ultrasound (25 kHz) and 0.5% acetic acid was also performed for 1 min. While the numbers of S. Typhimurium and B. cereus showed reduced with increasing acetic acid concentration, there is no difference in the number of S. aureus treated with EW containing 0.5% to 1.5% acetic acid. Discoloration was observed the perilla leaves treated with EW combined with more than 1.0% acetic acid. For all three pathogens, the combined treatment of EW and ultrasound resulted in additional 0.42 to 0.72 log10 CFU/g. The maxium reductions of S. Typhimurium and B. cereus were 0.95, 1.23 log10 CFU/g after treatment with EW combined with 0.5% acetic acid and ultrasound simultaneously. The results suggest that the treatment of EW combined with 0.5% acetic acid and ultrasound increased pathogens reduction compared to individual treatment.

This study was conducted to develop a model for describing the effect of storage temperature (4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃) on the growth of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in ready-to-eat (RTE) lettuce treated with or without (control) alkaline electrolyzed water (AIEW). The growth curves were well fitted with the Gompertz equation, which was used to determine the specific growth rate (SGR) and lag time (LT) of E. coli O157 : H7 (R2 = 0.994). Results showed that the obtained SGR and LT were dependent on the storage temperature. The growth rate increased with increasing temperature from 4 to 35℃. The square root models were used to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 in lettuce samples treated without or with AIEW. The coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted determination coefficient (R2 Adj), and mean square error (MSE) were employed to validate the established models. It showed that R2 and R2 Adj were close to 1 (> 0.93), and MSE calculated from models of untreated and treated lettuce were 0.031 and 0.025, respectively. The results demonstrated that the overall predictions of the growth of E. coli O157 : H7 agreed with the observed data.

본 연구에서는 포도의 저장성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 모색하기 위하여 'Sheridan'과 'Muscat Bailey A' 품종을 전해산성수 가습처리와 오존수 살균처리 및 전해산성수 살균처리하여 0±1℃에서 90±2%의 상대습도에서 60일간 저장하면서 포도의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 모든 처리구에서 대조구에 비하여 저장성이 향상된 것을 알 수 있었으며, 중량감모율, 비정상과 발생률, 탈립율, 당도 및 진균수 억제 효과는 처리구별로 무처리구에 비하여 전해산성수 가습처리하여 포도를 저장하였을 때 중량감모율이 가장 적게 변화하여 좋은 효율을 나타내었고, 오존수 살균처리 및 전해산성수 살균처리 방법에서 비정상과 발생률, 탈립율, 당도 및 진균수에 대한 억제 효율을 나타내었는데, 오존수 살균방법보다 전해산성수 살균방법에서 높은 효과를 나타났다. 유리당과 총산 함량은 저장기간의 증가에 따라 약간의 감소를 보였으며, 과피의 anthocyanin 함량도 약간 증가하였다. 본 실험결과 전해산성수 가습방법과 살균방법이 우수한 효과를 나타냄을 확인할 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 산성전리수의 일반적인 생물학적 특성을 간략히 살펴보았다. 직선형 DNA를 산성전리수에서 4˚C와 25˚C에서 약 10분간 반응시킨 결과 각각 40%와 50%의 DNA가 분해되었다. 그러나 산성전리수를 사용한 고온에서의 DNA 증폭반응 실험에서 DNA 분해없이 정상적으로 DNA증폭반응이 일어났다. 산성전리수가 단백질의 안정도에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 증류수에서는 총 7일 동안의 반응시간동안 단백질의 분해가

반도체 소자의 고집적화에 따른 세정공정 수는 점점 증가하고 있는 추세에 있다 현재 사용되는 세정은 다량의 화학약품 및 초순수를 소비하며, 고온에서 행하여지고 있는 RCA세정을 근간으로 하고 있다. 세정공정수의 증가는 바로 화학약품의 사용량 증가를 초래하게 되며, 이에 따른 환경문제가 심각하게 대두되고 있는 실정에 이르렀다. 따라서 이러한 화학약품 및 초순수 사용을 절감하고, 저온에서 세정공정이 이뤄지는 기술이 향후 요구되어 지고 있다. 이번 연구는 이러한 관점에서 화학약품 및 초순수 사용량을 줄이며, 상온 공정이 이뤄지는 전리수를 이용하여 실리콘 웨이퍼 세정을 하였다. 제조된 전리수는 산화성 성질을 지닌 양극수와 환원성 성질인 음극수로 이루어지고, 각각 pH 및 ORP는 4.7/+1050mV, 9.8/-750mV를 30분 이상 유지하고 있었다 전리수의 양극수에 의한 금속제거 효과가 음극수의 효과보다 우수함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 다양한 입자제거 실험에도 불구하고, 동일한 분포도를 나타내고 있었다.

This study investigated the feasibility of odor removal using ultrasonic droplets of electrolyzed water. 91.65% of the injected electrons were converted to oxidizing agents including hypochlorous acid at HCl 2.2%, 3 V, and a retention time of 5 min. The size of the droplets generated by the ultrasound showed a distribution with D25=1.359 μm and D75=2.506 μm. The odor removal efficiency of the electrolyzed water droplets was over 90% for a composite odor composed of acetaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia, while that of tap water droplets was 50%. The electrolyzed water droplets were also effective in removing ammonia generated in full-scale organic waste treatment facilities.

신선 농산물의 비가열 살균에 사용되는 살균소독제는 처리시간과 살균소독제의 농도에 비선형적인 감균효과를 나타낸다. 따라서 실제 사용에 있어서는 적정 농도와 적정시간에 대한 고려가 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 희석염산(6%, v/v)을 원료로 생성한 미산성 차아염소산수(slightly acidic electrolzyed water, SlAEW)(20±1℃에서의 유효염소 30 ppm, ORP 562±23 mV, pH 6.4)로 4종의 채소류(상추, 깻잎, 치콘 및 케일)에 대한 미생물 저감 특성을 분석하여 비가열 살균공정설계에 필요한 살균효과를 평가하였다. SlAEW에 30분간 3회 침지하면서 핵심인자인 유효염소와 미생물군수 및 잔류 미생물군수와의 관계를 분석하였다. 대부분의 총균수 감소는 1차 침지 초기 10분간 이루어졌으며 4종의 채소류에 생존하는 3 log CFU/g의 총균수가 침지를 통해 감소시킬 수 있는 한계값으로 판단되었다. 또한 SlAEW에 10분간 침지함으로써 감소시킬 수 있는 균수는 평균적으로 약 2 log CFU/g이었다. 초기 10분후의 감소된 유효염소는 상추, 깻잎, 치콘 및 케일에 대해 각각 2.2 ppm, 2.0 ppm, 1.7 ppm 및 2.5 ppm이었고 감소된 유효염소량의 약 50-80%가 초기 10분내에 감소되었다.

자건 멸치의 제조 시 산성 전해수로 자숙함으로써 멸치의 품질 개선에 대한 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 멸치의 표면색은 전해수 처리 멸치에서 명도가 유의적으로 높았으며, 전체적인 색차(ΔE)에서 전해수 처리 멸치는 대조구에 비해 5.08의 차이를 보였다. 추출물의 갈색도는 지용성 추출물이 수용성 추출물에 비해 훨씬 높았다. In vitro에서 칼슘 흡수율은 대조구에서 10.77%였으며, 전해수 처리 멸치는 12.61%였다. 저장 온도(20℃, 4℃ 및 –20℃) 및 기간(5주, 10주 및 5개월)을 달리하여 멸치를 저장하는 동안, 멸치추출물의 지용성 갈색도는 20℃및 4℃저장 시 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가되는 경향이었으며, 20℃ 저장 시에 전해수 처리 멸치에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 휘발성 염기질소(VBN) 함량은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 증가되는 경향이었으며, 20℃ 저장 시에 전해수 처리 멸치는 대조구에 비해 VBN의 함량이 작았다. 지질과산화물 함량은 저장 온도에 관계없이 기간의 경과에 따라 증가되었는데, 전반적으로 전해수 처리 멸치에서 함량 증가가 작았다. 따라서 멸치의 가공과정에서 산성 전해수 처리는 멸치의 색택 개선, VBN 및 지질과산화물의 함량 변화를 감소시켜 품질개선이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

This study was carried out in order to investigate sterilization effect and to extend storage periods of the Rubus coreanus by treating with tap water (TW), electrolyzed water (EW) and aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2). After each treatment plot was soaked with 10, 50, 100, 200 ppm in each sterilizing solution within 30 sec, each treatment was compared during the storage time at room temperature and refrigerator temperature. As results of total plate count according to temperatures and periods, the microbial sterilizing power of each treatment plot was bigger at EW and ClO2 treatment plots than the TW treatment plot; however, it sharply increased on the high concentration ClO2 treatment plot. Futhermore, the cold storage treatment plot had more outstanding microbial sterilizing power than the room temperature treatment plot. As a result of observing the surface of the Rubus coreanus using scanning electron microscope (SEM), no microbe was seen in EW and ClO2 treatment plot. The results of measuring enzyme activity showed a more significant decrease in EW and ClO2 solutions treatment plot than TW treatment plot but gradually increased with time. The contents of total polyphenol revealed similar values on each treatment. The EW and ClO2 treatment of the Rubus coreanus could be considered as good methods for inhibiting microbial growth in fresh vegetables and fruit, thereby contributing to quality maintenance.

수도수(TW)와 0.5% sodium metabisulfite(0.5% SMS)를 대조구로 하고 강산성 전기분해수(SAEW: strong acidic electrolyzed water, pH 2.58, ORP 1,128 mV, HClO 105.0 ppm)와 약알칼리 전기분해수(LAEW: law alkaline electrolyzed water, pH 8.56, ORP 660 mV, HClO 73.8 mV)를 연근의 박피 후 침지액으로 하여 랩포장

The antibacterial effects of anodic electrolyzed water against various bacteria were studied in this investigation. Complete inactivation of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria occurred within 15 s after exposure to anodic electrolyzed water. Moreover, 1/2, 1/5 and 1/10 diluted anodic electrolyzed water by adding deionized water showed strong antibacterial effects. However, the inhibitory effect of anodic electrolyzed water on the anaerobe of Propionibacterium acnes was much weaker than that on the aerobes, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The degraded fragments of E. coli cell were observed upon treating anodic electrolyzed water for 1 min by using scanning electron microscopy.

전해 방식에 따라 제조된 전기분해수로 세정처리한 딸기의 살균효과 및 저장중 품질변화를 살펴본 결과, 전기분해수에 의한 딸기의 미생물학적 살균효과는 침지수량은 중량 대비 10배수, 침지시간은 20분 처리시 초기균수에 대하여 2 log cycle 정도 감소하며 저장중 균증식 속도도 다소 느리게 나타났다. 폐기율은 저장시 EW-2 처리구에서 저장 5일째까지 10%수준을 보여 무처리 및 염소수 처리에 비해 낮은 폐기율을 보여주었고, 조직감도 저장 전