As the number of households with pets has increased worldwide, there is a growing trend of accepting pets as family members. Consequently, the pet food market has seen the emergence of concepts such as “human-grade,” “raw (PMR and BARF),” and “no synthetic additives” pet food. These concepts not only fulfill essential nutrients but also consider the health and habits of pets, a crucial aspect that should be at the forefront of our work. However, these types of pet food are prone to microbial contamination and component alterations caused by heat. Current studies and products have recently been developed overseas to apply non-thermal sterilization technologies to pet food commonly used in the food industry. In contrast, the domestic standards for non-thermal sterilization in pet food are insufficient. Therefore, a comprehensive review of non-thermal sterilization technologies, such as high-pressure processing (HPP), radiation, and plasma predominantly applied in the international pet food market, is deemed necessary. This review is expected to provide guidelines for non-thermal sterilization standards in domestic pet food, thereby laying the foundation for the safe production of raw pet food.

Protein is an essential nutrient for humans to sustain life, but it is predicted that it will be challenging to secure protein through the traditional livestock industry in the future. Microalgae has high future value as an alternative protein food source due to resource utilization and sustainability advantages. In order to increase productivity, the culture conditions of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, and Scenedesmus obliquus were examined in this study. The optimal culture conditions of C. vulgaris were mixotrophic culture, 25oC culture temperature, 7.0 initial pH, 10% initial inoculation, stirring culture, 3000 Lux light intensity, and 24L:0D light/dark cycle period with red LED. For D. salina, the optimal culture conditions were mixotrophic culture, 20oC culture temperature, 8.0 initial pH, 10% initial inoculation, stirring culture, 6000 Lux light intensity, and 12L:12D light/dark cycle period with white LED. For S. obliquus, the optimal culture conditions were mixotrophic culture, 30oC culture temperature, 8.0 initial pH, 10% initial inoculation, stirring culture, 4500 Lux light intensity, and 14L:10D light/dark cycle period with fluorescent light. These findings can be used as important information for increasing the production of microalgae as an alternative protein material resource in the future.

With the interest on operational efficiency due to the rapid growth of food material distribution industry and food service industry, the study adopts DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model and examines to measure the technological, pure technical and scale efficiency those companies engaging in the food material distribution and food service business. As a result of analysis, the companies operating integrated business have relatively higher efficiency than those operating only food material distribution or food service companies while the result indicates that three efficiencies don’t have significant difference depending on whether affiliated companies or not. In the results from the measuring by DEA.

The optimization of conditions for the cultivation of Agaricus blazei was conducted in order to do mass production of mycelia by submerged cultivation. The carbon source and nitrogen source of medium were selected with high fructose syrup and soybean flake, and their optimized concentrations were determined as 8% and 3% respectively. Operation conditions were also optimized as the culture temperature of 25oC and pH of 6.5. The production of mycelia in the fermenter with optimized culture conditions has reached to 8.04 g/L, which was about 3 times as much as that of conventional flask cultivation. In the fed-batch cultivation, the productivity of Agaricus blazei mycelia was 12.01 g/L during 10 days.

The purpose of this study was designed to analyze the food preference and behavior on food away from home between Korean, Japanese and Chinese. The sample was selected each 200 people who were waiting departure in duty free zone, Incheon International Airport. The survey was developed by researcher and it consist of four parts that demographic characteristic, preference food material, preference cooking method and behavior on food away from home. As a result of the study, korean preferred soup, pork and raw vegetable and dine out with their family. Japanese preferred soup, beef, salad and dine out by themselves. Chinese preferred meat, fish, sauteed vegetable, and dine out with their family. When they were dine-out, Korean frequently ate Korean food, Fast food, Japanese food and Chinese, however Japanese frequently ate Japanese food, Chinese food and Italian food. Chinese frequently ate Chinese food and Fast food. Korean were sensitive of food price, but Japanese were sensitive of food taste and Chinese were sensitive of new experience and taste.

Background : We are Corporation of Reborn International that studies herbal medicine (Hydroponics Peanut sprout) and natural substance hydroponics. Our work is hydroponically grown peanut sprouts. This introduce, mouse allergic efficacy test and peanut tissue culture were performed. Methods and Results : The peanut sprouts have been widely used for long time of years in many Asian countries. P. sprouts germinated from peanuts, which contain 4 times higher resveratrol compounds than peanuts. The resveratrol have bioactivity effects as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. Especially, Our virgin premium peanut sprouts oil (cold pressure; low temperature extraction), natural substance oil produced mainly in peanut sprouts are used for valuable foods and cosmetic that supply essential fatty acids for humans as well as industrial raw functional materials production. In this work, large scale-up production of peanut sprout using hydroponics. Using extracts of peanut sprouts, various efficacy screening, animal test (in vivo, in vitro), and analyzes were also performed. Also, the culturing the peanut callus for increasing the contents of a specific useful ingredient were cultured in modified Murashige-Skoog/MS (sucrose 2%, agar 0.8%, pH 5.7) solid and liquid medium. It was examined that 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 ㎎/ℓ of NAA and 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 ㎎/ℓ of IBA were the callus and shoot induction. It's, developed sample model of food products of various formulations or form of including from peanut sprout extracts. Conclusion : The essential amino acids (composition unsaturated fatty acid) and resveratrol were abound to the extracts. Also, The blood circulation and allergy improvement effect was excellent. And toxicity were not detected in efficacy. Tissue culture screening work, It’s examined that〈 1.0 ㎎/ℓ of NAA and〈 3.0 ㎎/ℓ of IBA were the best composition. However, depending on the purpose of securing the functional material, a more detailed investigation is needed. So, future work is induce roots callus and shoot. The shown results can be applied as sources for functional food, cosmetic, pharmaceuticals, and material.

With the increase in food consumption, the amount of animal and plant residues in food manufacturing has continued to increase. In particular, the residues generated from food manufacturing industries have a high recycling value because they are generated in large quantities, are homogeneous, and their recycling costs are less than that of households or small restaurants. In this study, we selected industries that produce large amounts of homogeneous animal and plant residues, including manufacturers of animal oils and fats, vegetable oils and fats, starches and glucose or maltose, and conducted material flow analysis using statistical data, field surveys, and questionnaires. In the results of material flow analysis, the amount of raw materials used in the surveyed industries was 3,029,830 tons per year, and 8,487 tons of animal and plant residues were generated through manufacturing and processing. In addition, the import substitution effect of recycling byproducts from industries into animal feed or similar was estimated to be ₩847,007 million KRW per year.

Background : The Aralia cordata and Dendropanax morbifera, belonging to the family Araliacea, is a perennial herbaceous species. Although its beneficial effects for several chronic diseases are well-known, the role of its effects on chronic intestinal inflammation, colon carcinogenis are limited. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of gastrointestinal tract. It has been reported that IBD is associated with colon cancer which is one of the most common types of cancer diagnosed and a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Methods and Results : The present study hypothesized that Araliacea family would exert a protective effect on inflammation and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Effect of Aralia cordata extracts (ACE) and Dendropanax morbifera leaf extracts (DMLE) on pro-inflammatory markers, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling (MAPKs), activation of nuclear factor κB (NF- κB) in THP-1 human monocyte and HT-29 colon epithelial cell model were investigated. In addition, colon inflammation inhibitory effects of ACE and DMLE on the characteristics of in DSS-induced colitis model. Results showed that ACE, DMLE attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis, as assessed by disease activity index scores, shrinkage of colon length, and histopathologic changes and infirmatory cytokine concentration. Furthermore, ACE treatment significantly suppressed the colon carcinogenesis in AOM/DSS induced colon cancer model. The apoptosis induction abilities of the DMLE were studied by analyzing the expressions of Bcl2 family protein, caspase, Annexin V/PI staining and DNA fragmentation. According to our results, DMLE significantly induced cell death in SW-480 cells. Apoptosis was determined by cell morphology and electrophoresis of DNA fragmentations. Furthermore, treatment with DMLE also induced the increase in caspase activity, pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bad) and the decrease in anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). In addition, DMLE induce cell cycle arrested at the G1/S phase in SW-480 cells and exhibited significant inhibition on the expressions of G1/S phase specific CDK, cyclin and up regulation of CDK inhibitors. Conclusion : Taken together, these results provide evidence that ACE and DMLE prevention colon cancer by regulating inflammation, colitis, and colon carcinogenesis which indicates its benefit for colon health.

Food waste, a putrescible form of waste, comprised of 30% of the total municipal solid waste stream in Daejeon Metropolitan City (DMC) in 2012. Proper management of food waste is a challenging task for local government. This study was conducted to determine material flows when treated food waste in various recycling facilities. Material flows in the recycling processes were collected by site surveys, field trips and discussion with operators and governmental employees. Material flow analysis (MFA) was conducted to quantify the flow of food waste from generation to disposal for the year 2012. MFA along with its mass transfer coefficients were determined based on the inputs, outputs and waste fluxes. According to the mass transfer coefficient results, treatment efficiency for the dry and wet feed manufacturing facility was found to be higher than other treatment facilities. Water consumption was higher for the composting site, resulting in large volume of wastewater (mass transfer coefficient 1.539). While large amounts of screening materials such as plastic, chopsticks, aluminum foils, and bottle caps were generated at the composting site, mass transfer coefficients (0.312) at the dry and wet feed facility were relatively high, implying effective treatment of food waste occurring. The results of this study help to facilitate waste management policy decision-makers in developing effective food waste management techniques in DMC.

율무, 옥수수, 메밀, 표고버섯, 당귀, 감초 및 대추의 물추출 혼합물(13 : 50 : 15 : 2 : 5 : 5 : 5, v/v) 이 쥐 혈청과 피부의 testosterone(T) 및 dihydrotestosterone(DHT) 함량과 간독성 및 생화학적 및 조직학적 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 1일 9 mL/kg-BW 씩 음용수에 섞어 SD(Sprague-Dawley)계의 흰쥐에 5주 동안 투여하였으며, 5-a -reductase의