Purpose: The study aim was to explore the meaning of male nursing students’ experiences in women’s health nursing practicum through photovoice and focus group interviews. Ways to improve the conditions and quality of practicum education for women’s health nurses were explored. Methods: The participants were eight senior male nursing students who had completed a women’s health nursing practicum. They captured topic-specific photos depicting their experiences in a women’s health nursing practicum through the photovoice method and conducted focus group interviews using the PHOTO strategy to explore the meanings behind the photos. The final data were analyzed using a content analysis. Results: The male nursing students’ experiences in the women’s health nursing practicum produced five themes: “The untraveled Way.”, “Role conflicts amid indifference.”, “Opportunities that never come.”, “Unable to overcome gender barrier.”, and “The time of perseverance and hope.”, These five themes were accompanied by 13 sub-themes. Conclusion: Though initially apprehensive, the study participants engaged in women’s health nursing practices with excitement and anticipation. Despite experiencing discrimination and role conflict due to gender differences, they discovered opportunities for growth through a simulation practicum. Anticipating personal development from their experiences, they desired a future in which male nurses would be recognized solely as nurses, without gender distinctions. Efforts are required to enhance awareness and organizational culture and prevent discrimination based on gender differences. Comprehensive endeavors are necessary for enhancing the quality of clinical practice education by developing and validating women’s health nursing practicum programs covering diverse topics.

8주간 주 2회, 1회 30분 16명의 남자 대학생을 대면 운동 그룹 8명, 실시간 비대면 운동 그룹 8명으로 나누어 운동을 실시하였다. 종속변인으로는 신체조성과 체력을 홈트레이닝 실시 전과 후 총 2번 측정하였다. 자료처리는 운동 방법의 차이와 측정 시기에 따른 신체조성과 체력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 반복측정 이원배치분산분석(two-way ANOVA with repeated measure)을 실시하였고, 사후분석으로 Bonferoni를 실시하였다. 그룹 간 변화량의 평균 차이를 비교하기 위해 사전-사후 차이의 변화량을 산출한 후 독립표본 t-검정(Independent t-test)을 실시하였다. 모든 통계적 유의수준은 p<.05로 설정했다. 8주간 의 홈트레이닝은 대면 운동과 실시간 비대면 운동 방법에 상관없이 남자 대학생의 골격근을 증가시키고 근 력, 근지구력, 심폐지구력을 증가시켰다. 또한, 대면·실시간 비대면 운동 방법간의 효과 차이는 나타나지 않 았다. 따라서 실시간 비대면은 대면 운동과 마찬가지로 남자 대학생들의 골격근과 체력을 향상시키기에 효 과적인 운동 방법이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 이동이 불편한 환자들이나 노인들에게 적용될 수 있는 실시간 비대면 운동 프로그램이 검증된다면 대면 운동을 실시하기 어려운 대상에게도 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구의 목적은 비만 남자고등학생의 교복바지에 대한 착용만족도를 높이고 맞음새가 좋은 교복바지의 패턴개발을 위한 자료를 제공하는 데 있다. 이 연구는 사이즈코리아(2015)의 직접 측정 데이터 중 BMI 지수가 18.5이상인 17~19세 남자 745명의 데이터를 분석 자료로 활용하였다. 비만 남자고등학생의 체형분류를 위하여 표준체형과의 신체치수 비교를 위해 기술통계를 실시하였으며, 비만 남자고등학생의 체형분류를 위한 요인분석, 군집분석, 분산분석 등의 통계방법이 사용되었다. 그 결과, 비 만 남자고등학생의 체형분류 요인으로는 하반신 부피요인, 하반신 길이 요인, 복부 부피요인, 밑위 길이요인의 4개 요인이 도출되었다. 또 군집 분석의 결과로 4가지의 비만체형 유형이 분류되었다. 유형1은 분류된 비만체형 유형 중 하반신의 길이가 가장 짧고 왜소한 비만체형이며 유 형2는 비만 유형 중 허리둘레가 가늘고 복부의 부피가 작아 약간 왜소 한 비만체형이다. 유형3은 하반신 길이는 보통 이상이며, 하지와 하반 신 둘레, 복부의 부피 등의 모든 항목에서 가장 큰 값을 보여 부피가 큰 고도 비만체형이다. 유형4는 4가지 비만 유형 중 하반신 길이는 가 장 길고, 복부의 비만 정도가 유독 큰 복부 비만체형으로 정의할 수 있으며, 비만 체형의 특징을 반영한 교복바지의 설계방법에 대한 후속 연구가 진행될 예정이다.

본 연구는 규칙적인 태권도 트레이닝이 비만 중년 여성의 뇌신경성장인자 및 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있었다. 본 연구를 위하여 중년 비만 여성 33명이 연구대상자로 선정되었으며, 연구대상자들은 태권도 그룹(TG, n=15)과 대조그룹(CG, n=18)에 무선 배정되었다. 태권도 그룹은 16 주간 일주일에 5번 태권도 트레이닝을 실시하였으며, 두 그룹 모두 트레이닝 전과 후 각각 brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) 농도 검사와 Stroop Color and Word test를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 태권도 그룹의 BDNF와 IGF-1이 트레이닝 후 유의하게 증가한(p<.05) 반면 VEGF와 Stroop Color and Word Test 결과 는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않아 규칙적인 태권도 트레이닝이 비만 중년 여성의 뇌신경영양인자에는 긍정 적이지만 뇌 인지기능에는 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

In this paper, two Korean textbooks that are most widely used in American colleges are analyzed for representations of gender, race and nationality. Literature review shows that representation in textbooks does matter for learners and that representations of gender, race, nationality, ethnicity, cultural diversities, disabilities, sexualities, non-nativeness, occupations, age, socioeducational backgrounds, etc. have been concerns of the researchers. While there have been a lot of studies on representations in EFL/ESL textbooks, such research on KFL/KSL textbooks is relatively new, even though representation is an important issue to the Korean language education in the era of globalization and multicultralism. The main characters who have names, conversations and illustrations and keep appearing throughout the analyzed textbooks are investigated. The main characters' number of appearances, firstness-the number of times to be presented first in exericses, examples or sentences-occasions, all speaking turns and I (initiation in the IRF sequence, Sinclair & Coulthard (1975))s are tallied, and it is explored if the numbers are relevant to the gender, nationality and race of the characters. Some analyzation of conversations and illustrations are also done for more discussion, which includes how KFL/KSL textbooks could be better in terms of representation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to interview programs for assisting male college students adjust to clinical practice by understanding the meaning of stress in such a practice. Method: Individual in-depth interviews using open-ended questions were conducted with students. Data were collected in August 2018, and analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological method. Results: The categories of practical experiences in the interview programs for mediating gender conflicts in male nursing students were clearly recognized as, “experiencing limits of practice on female patients,” “a sense of burden representing practical students,” and “forcing of manhood.” The essential themes of participants' experiences in simulation programs included: “Prejudice and unfairness in having a female-related job,” “Women’s hospital practice is limited,”-“Attention is focused on themsince they are ‘minorities’,” “Uncomfortable interpersonal relations in clinical practice,” “The patience of a discriminative perception that physical labor should be mobilized, requiring forceful leadership,” “Live in a way that society prefers.” Conclusion: This study attempted to understand the meaning and nature of experiencing stress among male college students in clinical practice by applying Colaizzi’s method of analysis in phenomenology nursing research. In order to assist participants understand women's mainstream clinical practice, preparing separate programs is important.

In this study, we used the 3D simulation program to create bodice patterns for adolescents boy students and analyze the fitting and air gap through 3D simulation. The purpose of this study was to select the bodice pattern method that best suited the body shapes of the adolescents male students. The subjects of this study were the French E pattern, Japanese N pattern, and Korean industrial L and J patterns. The applied size was the sixth Korean human body size survey data of 2010 Korea. The age range of the subjects was 13-18 years. DC Suite Program Ver. 5.1 was used, and SPSS 23.0 program was used for data analysis. As a result of comparing the shapes of the bodice patterns in the 3D simulation program, the E pattern had two waist darts on the front and one shoulder dart and one waist dart on the back, and the J and L patterns only had one dart on the back. The N pattern had no darts on either the front or back. As a result of examining the appearance evaluation of the pattern, air gap, color distribution, and clothing cross-section, the E pattern was evaluated as the closest to the body, and the N pattern was evaluated as the pattern with the largest allowance. The J pattern was evaluated as the best fit for body shape of the male adolescents. However, it is necessary to develop a pattern system by adding extra ease in setting the center front length.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits of smokers and non-smokers among a few male university students residing in Changwon-si and factors that affect their smoking behavior. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted for a duration of one month in June 2015 (n=367). The results of this study showed that the breakfast skipping rate of the smoking group was significantly higher compared to the non-smoking group (p<0.001), and the smoking rate was significantly higher among those with more serious smoking problems (p<0.001). Compared to the non-smoking group, the smoking group showed significantly higher BMI (body mass index) (p<0.05) and demonstrated significant drinking habit of more liquid type yogurt among milk and dairy products and significantly more coffee mixes among fat, oils, and sugars (p<0.05). The results of multiple regression analysis showed the necessity to prepare smoking systems in school (t=－2.87, p<0.05), encumbrances to studies due to smoking (t=－3.59, p<0.001), and variables that affect smoking such as the number of close friends who smoke (t=4.17, p<0.001), BMI (t=3.08, p<0.05), and the level of problematic drinking (t=3.67, p<0.001). The results of this study suggest factors that must be considered in establishing smoking prevention education programs, anti-smoking policies, and strategies for university students.

본 연구는 남자 대학생을 대상으로 12주간의 규칙적인 태권도 운동이 체구성, 체력, 뇌파활성 및 뇌신경성장인자(BDNF, IGF-1, NGF)에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 목적이 있었다. 이를 위해 의학적 질환이 없는 대학생 24명을 대조그룹(CG), 유산소 트레이닝 그룹(ATG) 그리고 태권도 트레이닝 그룹(TTG)에 각각 8명씩 무선 배정하여 연구를 실시하였다. 12주 유산소 및 태권도 트레이닝은 주 3회 실시되었으며, 운동강도와 시간은 4주단위로 조정되었다. 뇌파활성 검사 및 채혈은 12주 유산소 및 태권도 트레이닝 전과 후 각각 실시되었으며, 그룹과 시기에 따른 체력요인 및 생화학성분에 대한 차이를 검증하기 위하여 채혈시점을 반복 측정하는 이원변량분석(two-way repeated ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 이에 대한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 12주간의 유산소 및 태권도 트레이닝은 신체구성과 뇌파활성에 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 유산소 트레이닝과 태권도 트레이닝 모두 체력요소 중 평형성을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났으며(p<.05), 12주 유산소 트레이닝은 뇌신경성장인자인 BDNF를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 이상의 결과 12주 유산소 운동은 체력과 뇌신경영양인자에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 반면 태권도 운동은 뇌파활성화 및 뇌신경영양인자에 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다.

This study examined the characteristics of male high school English learners’ motivation and the relations between their motivation and achievement in English learning. A total of 334 Grade 10 students in a boys’ high school participated in this study by completing a questionnaire survey on second language (L2) learning motivation and taking an English achievement test. As a result of explanatory factor analysis, five factors were found as underlying constructs for male high school students’ English learning motivation: The Ought-to L2 Self, The Ideal L2 Self, The Feared L2 Self, Instrumentality, and Intrinsic Motivation. In terms of the structural relationships between the learners’ motivation and achievement in English learning, the ideal L2 self and intrinsic motivation exerted a direct impact on their motivated L2 behavior, and then English achievement mediated by the motivated L2 behavior. The other factors had an indirect influence on motivated L2 learning behavior, mediated by the ideal L2 self and intrinsic motivation. Based on the findings, we suggested motivational activities to realize the creation of the ideal L2 self among male high school English learners.

This study investigated the factors affecting problematic drinking amongst the male university students of the Changwon area (n=367). The participants were divided into 3 groups, and undertook the self-report questionnaire survey. Based on the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) guidelines, problematic drinking were rated as ‘no problem’ (28.8%), ‘at-risk drinking’ (41.7%), and ‘alcohol abuse’ (29.5%). Our study revealed that students living alone, indulged in more club activities, and drank more than 3 cans of carbonated drinks a day; this was significantly high on the AUDIT score (p<0.05). Participation in education was significantly higher (p<0.05), but intention to reduce the monthly alcohol consumption was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the alcohol abuse group. Recognition level of drinking cultures, drinking habits, AUDIT, and nicotine dependence were significantly higher in the alcohol abuse group (p<0.001). Recognition level of drinking cultures and nicotine dependence by the FTND (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) positively correlated with problematic drinking, whereas dietary guidelines and self-esteem showed a negative correlation with problematic drinking (p<0.05). Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis, the factors affecting problematic drinking were recognition level of drinking cultures (β=0.47, p<0.001) and nicotine dependence (β=0.23, p<0.001). We conclude that implementation of health education for university students, would aid in rectifying the incorrect perception of drinking. Furthermore, both drinking and smoking should be considered simultaneously.

목 적: 본 연구는 필리핀과 한국 남학생들의 안건강을 조사하여 유병률 및 위험요인을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법: 필리핀과 한국의 17세 남학생 각각 196명을 대상으로 건성안 증후군, 자각증상, 결막염, 익상편 유무를 알아보았다. 건성안 증후군은 맥모니 설문지를 이용하였으며, 자각증상 및 video display 사용시간, 햇빛 노출시간을 설문항목에 추가하였고, 결막염과 익상편은 육안검사를 통해 확인하였다. 결 과: 하루 평균 햇빛 노출시간은 수업시간을 제외하고 필리핀 학생 2시간 12분, 한국 학생 1시간 1분이 었다. 필리핀 남학생들의 햇빛 노출시간은 건성안증후군, 자각증상, 결막염, 익상편 환자에게서 유의하였다. video display 시간에서는 유의하지 않았다. 한국 남학생들은 맥모니 설문점수를 제외하고 모두 유의하지 않았다. 필리핀 학생들은 건성안 증후군에서 자각증상과 결막염 및 익상편의 발생빈도가 통계적으로 차이가 있었으며, 햇빛 노출시간이 길수록 맥모니 설문점수가 높았고, 결막염과 익상편의 유병률이 높았다. 결 론: 한국과 달리 필리핀 학생들은 햇빛 노출시간이 안건강에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였으며 건성 안증후군 환자인 경우 결막염과 익상편 발생빈도와 관련이 있었다. 필리핀 학생들의 안건강에 영향을 주는 햇빛 노출시간외에 다른 위험요인들에 대해 후속 연구가 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to the consumption of energy drinks among male and female high school students in Daejeon. The research data, derived from the self-administered questionnaire method, was collected from 664 students in fifteen high schools during the spring of 2016. A total of 542 complete questionnaires were analyzed (response rate: 79.8%). Approximately 73% of the students self-reported having consumed energy drinks, with a greater percentage of male (as opposed to female) students self-reporting as having done so. The most common reasons given for the consumption of energy drinks were to stay awake (54.8%), the good taste of the drink (28.0%), to concentrate during studying (17.2%), and to relieve fatigue (16.9%). The adverse effects were palpitation (59.3%), insomnia (35.6%), and experiencing difficulty in waking up (30.5%). More than two in three (67.8%) students who experienced adverse effects still consumed energy drinks. The average level of health consciousness was lower than 3 out of 5 points. The results of the logistic regression analyses indicated a positive relationship between monthly allowance (OR=1.01 for male and female students) and the consumption of energy drinks by both male and female students. Among the male students, freshmen (OR=0.23) were less likely to have consumed energy drinks than juniors. Male students’ sleeping hours (OR=0.65) and perceived school life satisfaction scores (OR=0.63) were negatively associated with the consumption of energy drinks. In the case of female students, study hours (OR=0.83) and energy drinks consumption were negatively related. These factors affecting energy drinks consumption could be considered in the development of dietary education programs aimed at protecting high school students from the adverse health impacts of energy drinks

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the smoking and eating habits of high school students. We also presented the basic data for the effective smoking cessation and smoking prevention programs, and proper nutrition education programs. We surveyed 304 high school male students in Sokcho city. The results were as follows ; a total of 23.7% of the subjects were smokers, the smokers spent more pocket money than the non-smokers and they also spent more time on the internet or smartphone. The smokers had lower awareness of the dangers of smoking than that of non-smokers. They started drinking alcohol earlier than the non-smokers. Their water intake was higher and they preferred consumption of high-protein foods like fried chicken, but were not inclined to vegetables and sour tasting foods. These results imply that smoking habits of the subjects affected their eating and drinking habits. A matter of concern was the low intake of vegetables and sour tasting foods, which could lead to a deficiency of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers. The smokers were less satisfied with their school life than the non-smokers. There was a negative correlation with the degree of awareness of the dangers that smoking can cause. Conversely, the amount of smoking and drinking habits were positively correlated. To reach a healthy adulthood, it is crucial to quit smoking and participate in smoking prevention education along with nutrition education and abstinence education for the adolescents.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and food habits of male college students in Seoul according to drinking habits. In order to identify risk factors, health surveys were conducted from October 2013 to December 2013. Average height, weight, and BMI of subjects were 175.47±5.27 cm, 67.93±9.28 kg, and 22.04±2.67 kg/m2, respectively. Weight and BMI were higher in the non-drinking groups compared to the drinking groups (p<0.05). Frequency of drinking was 2~3 times per month, and 52.4% of subjects started drinking when starting university. The motivation to start drinking was cited as “From necessity”. Reason for drinking was “Social relations”. The favorite kind of drink was beer. Rate of taking supplements was 24.4% of the subjects. Vitamin preparations were highest in drinking groups and non-drinking groups (p<0.05). The reasons for skipping meal were “too busy” in the drinking groups, and “oversleep” in the non-drinking groups (p<0.05). The preference for snacking in drinking groups were milk, milk products, and fast food, with the highest being listed first. The non-drinking groups preferred carbonated drinks and ice cream. The drinking groups need more education about their drinking habits. Drinking groups also need an increased intake of vegetables and fruits.

This study was conducted to obtain principal data on nutrition education according to college major after analyzing the nutrition status of 302 male university subjects. The 302 male subjects consisted of male students majoring in literature and science (109), food and nutrition (94), and physical education (99). Exactly 47.9% (highest among the groups) of male students majoring in food and nutrition ate regular meals, 39.4% ate breakfast. Precisely 29.4% of subjects majoring in literature and science never ate out. Exactly 23.2% of subjects majoring in physical education over ate frequently, and 31.3% enjoyed eating out. Intakes of protein, fat, vitamin A, B1, B2, B6, C, E, folic acid, Ca, Fe, sodium, and cholesterol among male students majoring in food and nutrition appeared to be significantly higher compared to those of other groups (p<0.05). Intakes of energy, Zn, dietary fiber, and cholesterol among male students majoring in physical education were higher, whereas intakes of all nutrients except for dietary fiber by subjects majoring in literature and science were lower than the other two groups. Exactly 20.2% of male students were interested in health. We found that 52.4% of subjects considered exercise as an important factor for maintaining health. Smoking rate was the highest (43.6%) among male students majoring in nutrition, and the drinking rate was highest (56.0%) among male students majoring in literature and science. We found that smoking was continued as a habit (61.5%) while drinking was essential for social relationships (73.9%). From this study, it was found that male students have problems associated with eating regular meals, skipping breakfast, overeating, and intake of unbalanced foods. Also, male students who majored in food and nutrition demonstrated problems in applying their knowledge to proper dietary habits. In conclusion, a systemic educational program needs to be introduced to promote healthful dietary habits in male students.

The purpose of this research is to offer the teachers the useful resources that can be used while teaching the students the standing broad jump, using the equipment of the three-dimensional video analysis and of the ground reaction force to figure out the

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in perception of weight management, balanced food intake, knowledge of obesity, and nutrition knowledge in university students. The average weight and height of male subjects were 175.0±5.7cm and 69.1±11.8kg, whereas those of female subjects were 161.7±5.0cm and 51.7±6.9kg, respectively. Average scores for balanced food intake were not significantly different between male and female students. The total number of correct answers for obesity knowledge was not significantly different according to gender, but four responses related with losing weight showed higher perception scores in females compared to males (p〈0.05). The total number of correct answers for nutrition knowledge was not significantly different between males and females. The average BMI of male and female subjects were 22.5±3.44 and 19.7±2.21, respectively, ranged in normality. Self-evaluation of body shape was mostly in the normal or standard range in both males and females, but females showed a higher perception rate of chubby or fat than males. The percentages of interest in weight management was 36.0% in males and 50.8% in females, with higher interest in female subjects (p〈0.01).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance exercise training on % body fat and insulin resistance in obese middle school male students. Subjects were composed of 20 students(exercise training group: 10, control group: 10, body

This study was to use the 3D visual device and surface reaction device for 6 male middle school gymnastics players and 6 plain students and analyze the factors to execute stable handspring and provide a guideline to teach male middle school students to ex