본 연구는 ‘50대 중장년 남성 자영업자의 은퇴 인식’에 대한 본질적 의미 탐색을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 Giorgi의 현상학적 연구 방법을 적용하였고, 50대 중장년 남성 자영업자 6명을 대상으로 2024년 7월 15 일부터 7월 31일까지 심층 면담을 통해 자료를 수집하고, 녹음한 면담 내용을 전사하여 분석하였다. 자료 분석 결과로 본질적 주제 4개와 상위 주제 11개를 도출하였다. 도출된 본질적 주제 4개로는 “나이 듦”, “은퇴 인식”, “은퇴 계획”, “은퇴 후 삶”이며, 상위 주제 11개는 “중년에서 노 년으로”, “은퇴라는 단어의 의미”, “내가 생각하는 은퇴”, “생각해 보지 않은 은퇴”, “자영업자의 특권”, “건강”, “경제”, “활동”, “시기”, “기 대”, “걱정”으로 도출되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 자영업자의 은퇴에 관한 인식을 이해하고 중장년의 이모작을 위한 정책 및 교육과 프로그램 개발 에 기초자료로 제공 될것으로 기대된다.

이 연구는 비만 유병율이 급격하게 증가되는 중년남성을 대상으로 비만 정도에 따른 신 체 활동량 차이를 알아보고, 비만도에 따른 대사적 건강 상태를 비교하여 비만 정도에 따 른 운동 실천율과의 연관성을 알아보고자 진행되었다. 연구에 활용된 자료는 2022년 국민 건강영양조사에 보고된 설문 원시자료이며, 연구 대상자는 중년남성(40세~64세)에 해당하 는 470명으로 선정하였다. 비만도에 따른 신체적 요인, 신체 활동량, 운동 실천율, 혈액요인 의 변인을 변인의 특성과 연구의 목적에 적합하도록 일원분산분석과 ²검정으로 분석하여 결과를 도출하였다. 비만도에 따른 체중, 허리둘레, 체질량지수, 나이 요인에서 유의한 차이 가 나타났고, 중성지방, 당화혈색소, 고밀도지단백 요인에서도 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 반 면 비만도에 따른 모든 집단에서 신체 활동량과 운동 실천율은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않 았다. 결론적으로 중년남성의 비만도에 따른 신체 활동량 및 운동 실천율과의 연관성은 나 타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 국내 중년 남성에게 있어서 비만도는 일상의 영양 섭취, 수면, 스트레스 등과 같은 생활 습관의 변인 및 정신적인(심리적인) 변인의 중요성이 더 강조 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

이 논문은 구약 지혜자, 특히 잠언 지혜자를 선교적 해석학의 모범으로 조명한다. 잠언 14:10-14 분석에서 ‘죽음의 길’ 모티브가 중심을 이루며, 이는 행위-화복-관계 사상과 인간의 이해를 넘어서는 심리적 신비에 관한 서술이 충돌하는 독특한 언어적 공간을 형성한다. 구약 지혜자는 이러한 사상적 모순과 모호성을 통해 인간 인식의 한계를 드러내고, 하나님 일하심의 신비를 수용하는 것이 하나님이 주신 질서 속 적절한 삶의 태도임을 독자의 자발적 판단에 따라 깨닫게 한다. 세상을 분석하고 그 속에서 교훈을 찾게 하는 구약 지혜자의 방법론은 성서 본문을 하나님의 선교 관점에서 해석하고, 독자의 삶의 맥락을 고려하며, 새로운 해석 공간을 수용하는 선교적 해석학과 매우 근접해 있다. 따라서 구약 지혜자의 세상에 대한 관찰, 해석, 의미 도출 방식은 선교적 해석학의 탁월한 모범이 된다.

본 연구는 중고령 노인의 자아 탄력성과 성공적 노화의 관계에서 여가 몰입 매개적인 역할을 하는지 검증하여 실천 방안을 모색하는데 기초자료를 제공 하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 D지역 노인복지관, 문화센터 등에서 여가 프로그 램을 이용하는 중고령 노인을 대상으로 하였으며, 최종 자료분석에는 241부 를 활용하였다. 본 연구결과, 첫째, 중고령 노인의 자아탄력성이 높을수록 여 가몰입이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중고령 노인의 여가몰입이 높을수 록 성공적 노화가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 중고령 노인의 자아탄력성 과 성공적 노화의 관계에서 여가몰입의 부분 매개효과로 나타났다. 이 결과 는 중고령 노인의 자아 탄력성과 성공적 노화 관계에서 여가활동 몰입의 매 개효과를 검증함으로써 중고령 노인의 성공적 노화를 위해서는 여가활동 몰 입으로 여가활동을 활성함으로써 성공적 노화를 이룰 수 있다는 결과를 검 증하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study aims to prepare reference data that can be used to improve the size suitability of elderly men’s casual wear. The sizes of men aged 65–84 from the 8th Size Korea were analyzed and compared with those aged 45–54. First, as a result of classifying their body types according to Syzing systems for male adult’s garments (KS K 0050), more than 50% of the drop body types were “a protruding belly type (BB),” and more than 95% of the lower body types were “a thick waist type (B).” Additionally, elderly men with type BB or B were 3–5cm shorter in height, waist height, chest circumference, and hip circumference than middle-aged men. As there are currently only a few brands for elderly men, this means that the following problems may arise: If an elderly man wears a middle-aged man’s top based on his chest size, the chest and hip circumferences are adequate, but the length is insufficient, the waist circumference is insufficient, and the shoulder width is considered to be excessive. Similarly, pants designed to fit a waist size designation for middle-aged individuals will be larger than intended in terms of length, hip circumference, and thigh circumference.

This study aims to gain insight into society and culture in the 10th to 7th centuries B.C. by exploring the clothing in Assyria, which was the most powerful force in Mesopotamian civilization at the time. As a research method, literature and empirical studies were conducted in parallel, focusing on a total of 127 Assyrian artifacts held in domestic and foreign museums. The results of this study are as follows. The basic forms of Assyrian clothing are tunics and shawls. The tunics have short sleeves and are knee or ankle length with a special type of tassel decoration. They have a wide belt at the waist, and a decorative panel is attached vertically below with a strap. In addition to the basic clothing, there are loincloths and overskirts, with some having open right sides and fringe decorations to denote a higher status. The overskirt has a third or fourth-tier skirt structure with an open front and fringe decorations on the edges. Most military members, except for archers, wore knee-length tunics as uniforms. As for armor, they wore short-chest or knee-length coat-type lamella armor. Headwear mainly consisted of cylindrical hats and headband-type decorations. In the case of bracelets, mainly rosette-shaped decorations and simple ring-shaped bracelets with three or one turn were worn. For shoes, sandals were mainly worn, and soldiers mainly wore boots. As a result, each costume element is expressed in various ways depending on the wearer’s status, clearly showing Assyrian costume culture.

This study aims to examine the expressive characteristics of the New Chinese style in the collection of Chinese fashion designer Ziggy Chen, analyze the inner meaning, and suggest a new direction in Chinese fashion design. As a research method, the background and concept of New-Chinese style occurrence were examined through previous studies, and the characteristics of the New Chinese style expression in fashion were investigated. The characteristics of the New Chinese style were summarized as cultural tradition, historical ethnicity, and pluralistic convergence. Based on these contents, the characteristics of the New Chinese style expression in Ziggy Chen’s men’s fashion design were analyzed. The data collection range was selected as the range of 20 seasons collected from 2012 S/S to 2022 A/W, which was collected on fashion sites and the brand’s official Instagram. The analysis results are as follows. First, subcultural resistance is a retro and ragged decadence formed by combining punk elements and industrial styles based on the clothing styles of lower-class Chinese people in the 17th and 90s. Second, cultural traditionality was influenced by traditional culture by mainland Chinese designers, who expressed the conservative presence of tradition and the Chinese style by looking at it from an oriental perspective. Third, historical ethnicity forms a Chinese fashion culture in which the national spirit and the development of the times coexist, while traditional culture and contemporary social values develop in harmony. Fourth, traditional fashion develops by combining a contemporary aesthetic sense and lifestyle with pluralistic convergence.

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the production of jackets with high fit by comparing and analyzing the adhesive and non-adhesive production methods of men's jackets. An analysis of the manufacturing method showcased differences between the adhesive and non-adhesive manufacturing methods in the cutting and wick attachment method, the shape and attachment method of the chest reinforcing wick, the sleeve attachment method, and the shoulder pad and sleeve reinforcing cloth attachment method. In evaluating the outfit, the overall fit of the shoulder, the fit of the chest, and the fit of the armpit were found to be high in the non-adhesive production method. In evaluating appearance evaluation, the front shoulder, chest, and sleeve overall appearance showed a high non-adhesive production method. Therefore, in order to increase the wearability of the shoulder pad and the the attachment method of the upper sleeve reinforcing cloth, the non-adhesive production method should be used, and in order to increase the overall wearability and armpit wear of the chest, the difference in the attachment method, and the reinforcement method of the armhole should be used. In addition, to increase the appearance of the jacket, non-adhesive production methods such as differences in wick attachment methods, shoulder pads, sleeve reinforcing cloth, and sleeve attachment methods should be used.

This study aims to analyze the variations in online clothing purchasing patterns based on demographic attributes and purchasing behavior. The survey subjects comprised individuals in their 10s to 50s who had prior experience with online shopping. The survey was conducted in Gyungnam from May to June 2022. A total of 397 questionnaires were analyzed using the χ2-test statistical method. The analysis of clothing purchase type based on demographic characteristics revealed differences in terms of gender, marital status, age, monthly income, and occupation. Notably, when analyzed by demographic characteristics and clothing purchase types, monthly online purchase frequency displayed significant differences in marital status, age, and occupation. Similarly, monthly purchase amounts through online platforms exhibited significant variations based on marital status, age, monthly income, and occupation. The online fashion platforms, when examined in relation to demographic characteristics and purchase types, showed significant differences across all variables. Clothing purchases by consumers seeking individuality and differentiation exhibited significant differences in age, occupation, and purchase types. Furthermore, the reasons for choosing online platforms for clothing purchases varied significantly based on age and occupation. These findings indicate diverse purchasing behaviors on online platforms influenced by demographic characteristics. These findings can be valuable for effectively segmenting the online fashion market.

This study seeks to increase the satisfaction of elderly men when purchasing and wearing ready-to-wear clothes by designing a slacks pattern suitable for their body type, which is determined by analyzing their lower bodies using virtual avatars and 3D virtual simulation system. The study found the following. First, based on virtual visualization of the comparison slacks pattern, the waistline position was consistently the lowest scored question among the evaluation survey items. Interpretation of this dissatisfaction suggests that, because the front waistline falls below the abdomen, the lower body, and especially the abdominal shape, is unpleasantly emphasized. Second, by using a virtual simulation system, the study developed a new slacks pattern that considered the concerns of elderly men. The primary measurement changes were as follows: front waist girth W/4+1.5cm+0.5cm, back waist girth W/4+1.5cm–0.5cm, front hip girth H/4+2.5cm–0.5cm, back hip girth H/4+2.5cm+0.5cm. Third, the new slacks pattern’s appearance was evaluated more highly than the comparison pattern, confirming the new pattern’s appropriateness for elderly men. This study demonstrates how slacks and other clothing patterns designed in a 3D virtual garment simulator can be used to design more appealing clothing for elderly men, increasing the satisfaction of wearing ready-made clothes at older ages.

Comprehending the prevailing ideals of the body within a specific era requires grasping the intricate interplay between social phenomena and the evolution of clothing. Accordingly, this study investigates the distinctive facets of the perception of the Neo-Confucian body as reflected in men’s dress during the Joseon Dynasty. We examine a comprehensive body of scholarship, literature, and historical records concerning the body and dress. Additionally, we also employ a framework developed by M. Y. Kim, which categorizes the Neo-Confucian body in three ways: as the natural body, the cultural body, and the body as a fully-realized moral subject. Our findings unveil three crucial insights: firstly, guided by Neo-Confucian discourse positing appearance as a manifestation of innate energy (氣), men’s dress was deliberately designed to demarcate stylistic distinctions in women’s dress; secondly, the Chinese gwan (冠) was employed as a tool of self-cultivation (修身) to symbolize the legitimacy of Joseon’s Neo-Confucian governance; and thirdly, sim-ui (深衣), a philosophical emblem of Confucianism extensively represented across through an intensified exploration of historical sources, served as a means to consolidate the political standing of the Neo-Confucian faction. As a consequence of these factors, the attire of noble men conferred upon them both sexual and moral ascendancy as political entities; men’s dress became a visual manifestation of the legitimacy of their power, thus embodying Neo-Confucian ideals. This study carries significance by applying a discourse analysis approach to Korean dress research and elucidating the factors underlying the development of men’s dress during the Joseon Dynasty.

이 연구는 5.18 광주민주화운동의 역사적인 의미를 헌법적인 차원에서 분석하고 이를 계승하는 방법을 도출하고자 하는 시도이다. 2022년 대통 령선거 이후 한국에서는 5.18정신을 헌법전문에 포함하자는 여론이 형성 되었다. 이에 연구는 첫째, 5.18정신을 헌법전문에 포함할 가치가 있는지 를 살펴볼 것이다. 둘째, 5.18정신의 헌법전문 수록이 가능하다면, 국가 유공자 예우에 관한 논의를 분석하고자 한다. 연구는 세부적으로 5.18이 한국의 민주화 운동으로서의 의미가 아닌 세계적인 민주주의 운동에서 중요한 사건이자 민주주의 이행과정의 시민항쟁으로 평가했다. 그리고 이를 계승하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 국가유공자 예우에 대한 학술적 논 의를 진행하였다. 분석을 통해 연구는 5.18정신의 의미를 4가지로 제시 한바, 첫째, 민주주의 국민저항권, 둘째, 역사적 평가, 셋째, 법·제도 정 비, 넷째, 세계사적 평가 등을 위한 노력 차원에서 분석했다. 그리고 연 구에서는 5.18정신의 헌법전문 수록은 필요하고, 이를 민주주의 국가의 주요한 동력이 되려는 방법으로 5.18 국가유공자 예우에 관한 법·제도를 정비할 필요가 있음을 제시하였다.

For men, there is increasing recognition that middle age (45-70) is significantly underrepresented in health promotion policies designed to improve their health and wellbeing. Middle age or midlife is a pivotal period in one’s life course in terms of finding a new or renewed purpose in life, addressing the excesses of youth, reducing work and home stress, and setting up behavioural patterns that influence positive and healthy aging. From a men’s health perspective, a more nuanced social marketing approach is needed to influence men to be more proactive regarding their health behaviours. Moreover, With the rapid development of digital health today, the lack of ehealth or digital health literacy in men is an urgent problem to address to help foster health and wellbeing.

Purpose: This study explored life experiences and meaning attributed to them by older men living alone during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: Data were collected from June to July 2022 through face-to-face in-depth interviews with 14 older men living alone and analyzed using the thematic analysis method suggested by Braun and Clarke. Results: The analysis revealed four themes and eight subthemes. 1) Unfamiliar daily life faced in old age due to COVID-19; 2) living a difficult life in a stopped society; 3) a life of constant effort amid change; and 4) daily life adjusting to the new normal amid regret. The participants volunteered to be secluded to adapt to their changed daily life in an isolated society, which led to depression. As time passed, they tried to adapt to their new daily lives by communicating untactfully to shorten their physical distance. Conclusion: This study suggests that it is necessary to understand socially vulnerable classes in national disaster situations and the need for various policies to respond to social isolation. In the future, developing an intervention that allows older men living alone to actively adapt to a changing society and verify its effectiveness is necessary.

The purpose of this study is to classify the body types of obese men in their 50–60s and compare them with those of obese middle-aged men in their 30–40s. The 3D anthropometric data of obese men aged 50 to 60 years from the 6th Size Korea. The data are analyzed using SPSS 25.0 for Windows, and descriptive statistics, χ2 test, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis are used to classify obese body types. As a result of the study, five factors are extracted to determine body types, which are classified into three obese body types through cluster analysis. 1) a large physique and consequently large circumference and height; 2) A short upper body length, short height, and thick belly; 3) the lowest rate of obesity and relatively flat abdominal curve. For the 30–40s group, Type1 showed the highest rate at 55.6%, whereas for the 50s group, Type3 showed the highest rate at 49.3%, and for 60s group, Type2 showed the highest rate at 41.2%. The classification accuracy of the discriminant function for each type is 94.7%, indicating relatively high accuracy. Furthemore, the recently changed obese body type are analyzed by comparing it with the 3D anthropometric data of 8th Size Korea, which will contribute to the utilization of basic data for manufacturing apparel for obese men.

Background: Height is an important factor in determining a person’s appearance, so people often wear height increase elevator shoes insoles (HIESI) or high heels to make themselves look taller. However, high heels often act as a risk factor for musculoskeletal diseases. Objectives: To investigated how muscle tone and muscle stiffness in the lumbar region of young adult men varied according to the height of the HIESI, and analyzed the correlation. Design: Non-randomised trial. Methods: Muscle tone and muscle stiffness in the upper and lower lumbar regions of 20 healthy young adult men in an upright standing position were measured as the subjects wore no insoles and 2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm insoles. Results: Muscle tone and muscle stiffness in the lumbar region did not show a significant change according to the increased height of the HIESI. However, a positive correlation was observed when the subjects wore 4 cm HIESI, as there was a significant increase (P<.05) in muscle tone and stiffness in the left side of the upper lumbar region and in the right side of the lower lumbar region. Conclusion: Wearing HIESI for short periods of time in the static standing position did not cause a change in muscle tone and muscle stiffness in the lumbar region. However, wearing 4 cm HIESI demonstrated a correlation of increased muscle tone and stiffness in the upper and lower lumbar regions in an asymmetric manner.

This study examines the social and artistic aspects of the Netherlands in the 16th century, focusing on the paintings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1525–1569), a representative Dutch painter at that time. Also analyzed were the types and characteristics of each item of the male populace’s and nobles’ costumes at that point in the Renaissance. The results are as follows: most of the populace’s chemises do not have frills on the neckline and sleeves; the doublet has a loose body and sleeves overall; and the sleeves and armholes are fixed with sewing rather than being detachable, making the epaulet invisible. The neckline of the doublet usually does not have a collar, but it sometimes has a hood. In the case of trousers, most males are shown wearing waist-high stockings, and a piece of cord is visible. It seems that the populace’s coats were mainly Spanish-style capes. The 16th-century Dutch populace’s costumes are imitative—reflecting a desire to emulate the codpieces and hairstyles of the aristocrats—while providing individuality through hats and belts. In terms of practicality, it appears that a knife and pouch were used in various living environments. This trend can be seen as a reflection of populace’s perception of the costume at the time.

This study aimed to analyze adult men’s body sizes and shapes and suggest size specifications to provide preliminary data to academia and industries. A total of 814 adult men aged 30-44 were selected from the 7th Size Korea data, and 55 direct upper body measurement and calculation items were analyzed using SPSS 25.0. In individual Individual differences, thickness, circumference, and width were high, and height and length were low. Height above the waist base line and shoulder dimension decreased in early 40s age group, while height below the waist base line declined as age increased. In addition, buttocks shape changes were found in early 40s age group. According to factor analysis, ‘upper body and upper-extremity horizontal size’, ‘torso height and upper extremity length’, ‘shoulder dimension’, ‘upper body length’ and ‘shoulder angle’ were derived. Using clustering analysis, four different body types were classified: i) big abdomen with flat chest, ii) slender with big, raised shoulders, iii) dwarfish with small, droopy shoulders, and iv) obese with large shoulders. ‘Slender with big, raised shoulders’ was a typical body shape among men aged 30-44. In older participants, the ‘big abdomen with flat chest’ ratio was low, while ‘obese with large shoulders’ was more common. This study proposed size specifications by body type considering the above characteristics.