To study the effects of external ethanol pretreatment on growth and drought tolerance in alfalfa, 21-day-old plants were pretreated with ethanol at 0-1000 mM for 4 days and then subjected to drought stress for 9 days. Ethanol pretreatment significantly enhanced plant survival under drought conditions, with the highest survival rate observed in the 250 mM treatment. In contrast, fresh weight and dry weight were not significantly affected by ethanol pretreatment. Relative water content was increased 7.15% at 250 mM ethanol treatment compared to 0 mM ethanol treatment. Chlorophyll content decreased compared to the control, while carotenoid content remained unchanged. total soluble carbohydrate content was reduced by ethanol pretreatment. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were maintained only in plants treated with 250 mM ethanol, whereas lower and higher concentrations resulted in significantly decreased H2O2 content. These results suggest that ethanol pretreatment does not affect alfalfa growth, but significantly improves survival rate under drought conditions by maintenance of relative water content. Furthermore, it suggests that chemical priming using ethanol pretreatment could be applied as a method to improve drought tolerance of alfalfa plants.

Drought stress is one of the major factors that reduce plant growth and productivity. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of exogenous acetic acid pretreatment on drought stress tolerance response in plants. Fourteen-day-old alfalfa plants were pretreated with 15 mM acetic acid, and then subsequently subjected to drought stress for 6 days. The fresh weight and relative water content in the leaves of acetic acid pretreated alfalfa plants were increased compared to the control group. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were slightly decreased in the acetic acid treatment. The H2O2 and proline contents were also significantly decreased in the acetic acid treatment. These results suggest that the scavenging mechanism of reactive oxygen species in alfalfa activated by acetic acid pretreatment is involved in conferring tolerance to drought stress.

In this study, chemical properties and functional ingredients of ginger and ginger pomace discarded after juice were analyzed. Ginger and ginger pomace were subjected to hot air drying, steaming, followed by hot air drying, soaking in vitamin C for 1 hour and 3 hours. When soaked in vitamin C for 3 hours, the moisture content was highest at 9.2% for ginger and 7.3% for ginger pomace. Among inorganic ingredients, the potassium (K) content was high at 2,633.6 mg% in hot air-dried ginger after steaming and at 1,584.3 mg% in ginger pomace. Total flavonoid content of ginger pomace was high at 67.3 mg/g when soaked in vitamin C for 3 hours. Gingerol content was the highest at 9.8 mg/g when ginger was dried with hot air. It was 10.5 mg/g in ginger pomace. After ginger pomace was steamed and dried with hot air, shogaol content was as high as 2.0 mg/g.

PURPOSES : This study aims to provide quantitative profile values for the objective evaluation of concrete surface profile (CSP) grades in concrete structures. The main aims are to quantify the CSP grade required for concrete surface pretreatment and proposing a more suitable CSP grade for structural maintenance. METHODS : Initially, the challenges in measuring concrete surface profiles were outlined by analyzing pretreatment work and profile samples of concrete pavements. Theoretical foundations for quantifying concrete surface roughness were established, and regression models including linear regression, cubic regression, and log regression were selected. Additionally, the interquartile range anomaly removal technique was employed to preprocess the data for regression modeling. RESULTS : Concrete CSP profiles were measured through indoor tests, and the measured data were quantified. Linear regression, cubic regression, and log regression models were applied to each CSP grade for comparative analysis of the results. Furthermore, comparative studies were conducted through adhesion strength tests based on the CSP grade. CONCLUSIONS : Our results are expected to establish objective standards for the pretreatment stage of concrete repair and reinforcement. The derived reference values can inform standards for the restoration and reinforcement of concrete structures, thereby contributing to performance improvement. Moreover, our results may serve as primary data for the repair and reinforcement of various concrete structures such as airports, bridges, highways, and buildings.

The objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of Campbell Early grape-added traditional Korean wines (yakju) prepared with different yeasts and pretreatments. The first pretreatment (A) was prepared by crushing the grapes, the second method (B) was prepared by heating the grapes at 60~70℃ for 30 minutes, and the third method (C) was prepared by freeze-concentrating grape juice. The pH of the fermented wines ranged from 3.77 to 4.10, and the total acidity of the samples ranged from 0.32 to 0.62%. The a value (redness) ranged from –0.40 to 17.89, which was higher in Campbell Early-added samples than in the controls (grapes not added). Total polyphenol content was the highest in samples prepared by crushing or heating Campbell Early grapes with ES22, and the total flavonoid contents were the highest in samples prepared by crushing Campbell Early grapes with ES22. The anthocyanin contents were also the highest in the samples fermented by heating Campbell Early grapes. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were also the highest (84.08 and 77.56%, respectively) in samples fermented by heating Campbell Early grapes.

최근 전기차 및 전력저장 시스템과 같은 대형 전지 시장의 성장으로 인해 리튬 이온 배터리에 대한 수요가 급증하 고 있다. 이에 따라 폐전지의 발생이 빠르게 증가할 것 으로 예상되며, 이에 대한 처리가 사회적 문제가 될 것 으로 예상된다. 폐전지 처리의 가장 효과적인 방법은 폐전지의 소재를 재활용하는 방법이다. 이 중 고가의 금속 물질로서, 재활용 시 경제성이 가장 높은 양극 소재 재활용 연구가 가장 활발히 이뤄지고 있다. 하지만 폐전지로부터 회수된 블 랙 파우더에는 도전재 및 바인더가 포함되어 있는데 양극 소재를 재활용하기 위해서는 이를 제거하는 공정이 필요하 다. 본 연구에서는 폐전지에서 추출된 폐양극 소재의 재활용을 위한 소재 전처리 연구를 제시한다. 열처리 및 화학 처리의 두 가지 전처리 공정을 사용하여 불순물을 제거하였고, 이에 따른 제거 정도를 SEM 분석을 통해 확인하였고, 불순물의 정량 분석을 TGA, EA 분석을 통해 확인하였으며, 전기화학 성능을 분석하였다.

The purpose of this study was to confirm the quality characteristics of distilled soju with different rice pretreatment processes. The non-steamed fermentation method is a technology that uses starch to produce saccharification and alcohol without going through the steaming of raw materials. It has advantages such as reduction of manpower and cost, prevention of nutrient loss, and minimization of waste water. In this study, rice used were non-steamed and pulverized 'Baromi2', nonsteamed and steamed ‘Samgwang’, and puffed rice. As the fermenting agent, koji, modified nuruk, N9 yeast, and purified enzyme were used, and lactic acid was added to prevent contamination during fermentation. The amount of water was 300% in total, and after the first watering, 5 days after fermentation, the second watering was carried out. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the non-steamed fermentation method using ‘Baromi’ was superior to the existing fermentation method in terms of temperature during fermentation, final alcohol content, soluble solids, and pH. By expanding the stability of the production technology of non-steamed fermentation technology, product quality improvement can be expected.