최근 농촌 인구 감소와 고령화로 노동력 부족 현상이 심화 되면서 농민들이 인력을 확보하는 데 어려움을 겪고 있다. 기 존의 노지 벼 육묘는 많은 공간과 노동력을 요구하며, 어린 묘 의 품질 관리가 어려운 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 컨테이너 형 수직농장을 활용하여 벼 육묘일수를 줄이고, 광 및 양액의 처리에 따른 생육 효과를 확인하였다. ‘고시히카리’와 ‘참드 림’ 두 품종의 벼를 지하수와 희석된 양액을 사용하여 각각 160와 355μmol·m-2·s-1의 광도에서 10일간 컨테이너형 수직 농장에서 재배하였다. 벼 육묘 결과, 모든 품종에서 10일 만에 이앙 가능한 초장을 확보할 수 있었으며, 양액을 처리하지 않 는 저광도에서 경제적 운영이 가능함을 확인하였다. 뿐만 아 니라 육묘된 벼는 순화과정에 문제가 없고, 본답 정식 이후에 도 기존 노지육묘와 생산성이 유사한 것을 확인하였다. 경제 성 분석을 통해 육묘판 생산 시 컨테이너형 수직농장 2동 이상 있을 경우 기존 노지육묘보다 비용 절감이 있음을 확인하였 다. 따라서 컨테이너형 수직농장을 활용한 벼 육묘는 비용 절 감과 노동력 부족 문제 해결에 기여할 수 있는 효과적인 대안 이 될 것으로 기대된다.

군산과 고성(경남)의 벼(Oryza sativa)와 무안과 화순의 물억새(Miscanthus sacchariflorus)로부터 2012년 9월과 2013년 3월 사이에 Chilo속(풀 명나방과)에 속한 월동유충들을 각각 채집하였다. 시토크롬 c 산화효소 1 유전자의 부분염기서열과 성충 생식기 형태에 근거하여 벼에서 채집된 유충 은 이화명나방[C. suppressalis (Walker, 1863)]으로, 물억새의 유충은 나도이화명나방[C. niponella (Thunberg, 1788) (synonym, C. hyrax Błeszyński, 1965)]으로 동정되었다. 다른 여러 지역에서 이화명나방 성페로몬트랩에 포획된 성충 중 종 동정에 적용된 개체들은 모두 대상종인 이화명나방으 로 동정되었다. 두 종은 말령태로 월동하였다. 월동유충들을 채집한 후 수원지방의 야외조건에 두었을 때, 5~6월에 용화하였고, 14~88%의 유충 생존 율을 보였다. 3월 중 고성(경남)에서 채집된 이화명나방 유충과 1월 말에 화순에서 채집된 나도이화명나방 유충들은 채집 당시 휴면이 종료되어 발육을 진행하고 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 두 종이 분리되지 않은 채 인위적으로 만들어진 실내집단의 갓부화 유충을 수원 야외에서 사육하였을 때, 6월 하순 부터 9월 사이에 발육을 시작하는 유충들이 월동유충이 생성되는 휴면에 유도되었다. 6월 하순부터 7월 하순 사이에 사육을 시작한 집단들로부터는 비월동태와 월동태 유충들이 같이 발생하였다.

This study optimized the gelling agent and rice protein ratio for developing elderly friendly jelly using a response surface methodology. Response surface analysis was conducted with a gelling agent (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) and rice protein (3, 6, and 9%) set as independent variables. Increasing the gelling agent and rice protein ratio raised the pH while lowering the total acidity. The sugar content decreased nonlinearly with a higher gelling agent ratio. The lightness (L) and yellowness (b) differed according to the addition ratios of each ingredient, and the hardness peaked at 0.3% gelling agent and 6% rice protein, but excessive rice protein addition led to a decrease in hardness. Response surface analysis indicated an optimal formulation of 0.16% gelling agent and 6.41% rice protein, with all response variables aligning within the predicted ranges, validating the model.

For domestic companies to enter the market, Vietnam’s rice industry value chain and strategies face the following problems. First, farmers outside the Mekong and Red River deltas suffer from low productivity and quality due to a lack of access to new varieties and technology. Second, quality control is difficult because of the small scale of milling companies and collectors. The double milling system increases distribution margins, leading to price hikes. Additionally, low margins for distributors further exacerbate this issue. Third, the government’s export price controls and advance purchase system result in losses and fluctuations in domestic rice prices, negatively affecting exports. The lack of branding and the perception of low-quality rice also diminish international competitiveness. Fourth, the annual import of one million tons through the southeastern border impacts domestic rice prices. To develop rice market in Vietnam, it would be beneficial to integrate production, milling, and distribution. Additionally, collaborating with organizations such as the KOPIA Center to provide cultivation technology support and establish large-scale demonstration complexes should be considered. Additionally, to increase domestic market share, it is necessary to prioritize marketing efforts such as enhancing promotions and building brands, while emphasizing urban consumers’ preferences for high quality and flavor rather than focusing on exports.

벼의 주요 해충인 먹노린재의 실내 사육을 위해 발육 특성을 조사하였다. 먼저 알을 부화시키기 위해서는 수분 제공이 반드시 필요하였다. 부 화한 1령 약충은 수분 제공만으로 2령 약충으로 발육이 가능하였다. 그러나 2령 약충은 수분 제공만으로는 3령 약충으로 발육하지 못하고 모두 사망 하였다. 먹노린재 약충 1령기부터 볏과 8종의 식물을 제공했을 때 출수기의 벼에서 약충부터 성충으로 도달한 개체의 생존율은 90.0%로 가장 높았 으며, 수수와 밀은 각각 30.0%, 26.7%였으며, 보리는 6.7%, 조와 피는 3.3%로 낮았다. 유묘기의 옥수수에서는 3령이 되기 전에 모두 사망하였고, 출수기의 기장에서는 성충이 되기 전에 모두 사망하였다. 유묘기의 벼에서는 성충에 도달한 개체의 생존율이 25%로 출수기의 벼보다 낮았다. 그러 나, 유묘기의 벼에서 자란 1~2령 약충은 출수기 벼와 다른 볏과 식물보다 체중이 가장 무거웠다. 출수기의 벼에서는 4령과 5령 약충의 발육기간이 각각 평균 8.5일과 12.1일로 가장 짧았다. 출수기 벼에서 자란 먹노린재의 성충 몸무게는 50.91 mg으로 유묘기의 벼와 출수기의 수수와 밀에서 자 란 먹노린재의 성충 몸무게보다 무거웠다. 이러한 결과를 종합하면 먹노린재 약충의 발육과 생존에 가장 적합한 기주식물로 출수기의 벼가 제안되 었다.

This study compared quality characteristics of traditional wine made with white rice of Samkwang and pigmented rice of heugjinmi, joeunheugmi, and heugjinju cultivars. After 10 days fermentation period, the pH was in the range of 4.52~4.71. It was higher in pigmented rice than in white rice. Total acidity was 0.50~0.74%. It was also higher in pigmented rice than in white rice. Regarding sugar content, white rice samgkwang had the highest sugar content at 17.40 °Brix and pigmented rice had sugar contents in the range of 13.17~14.93 °Brix. Regarding reducing sugar, white rice samgkwang had the highest content while heugjinmi pigmented rice had the lowest content. Alcohol concentrations of traditional wine were in the range of 15.0~15.6%. White rice samgkwang and pigmented rice heugjinju cultivars had the highest alcohol concentrations. Traditional wine made from white rice and samgkwang had the highest lightness value at 53.40. For wine made from pigmented rice cultivars, lightness values ranged from 31.91 to 38.33. Pigment wine made from Heugjinmi had the highest redness value at 8.08 and the highest yellowness value at 6.39. Major aroma components produced in large amounts of fermented liquor were ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone, and isoamyl alcohol.

본 연구의 목적은 쌀소득보전직불제가 농가소득 변동성에 미친 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 분석에는 2013~2017년 '농가경제조사'와 '농축산물 생산비 조사'에서 추출한 375개 농가 패널 자료가 사용되었다. 분석방법은 변동계수 비교, 분산분해분석, 그리고 로버스터 회귀모형을 이용하였다. 직불금 여부에 따른 농가소득 변동성 차이를 분석한 결과, 직불금은 농가소득의 변동성을 유의하게 감소시킨 것으로 확인되었다. 분산분해분석을 통해 농업소득의 분산은 총수입(변동직불금 제외)의 분산으로 75%, 농업비용의 분산으로 19.8%, 변동직불금의 분산으로 6.0% 설명될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 회귀분석 결과 쌀재배면적이 클수록 소득안정화 효과는 커지는 것으로 나타났다.

This study aims to develop a deep learning model to monitor rice serving amounts in institutional foodservice, enhancing personalized nutrition management. The goal is to identify the best convolutional neural network (CNN) for detecting rice quantities on serving trays, addressing balanced dietary intake challenges. Both a vanilla CNN and 12 pre-trained CNNs were tested, using features extracted from images of varying rice quantities on white trays. Configurations included optimizers, image generation, dropout, feature extraction, and fine-tuning, with top-1 validation accuracy as the evaluation metric. The vanilla CNN achieved 60% top-1 validation accuracy, while pre-trained CNNs significantly improved performance, reaching up to 90% accuracy. MobileNetV2, suitable for mobile devices, achieved a minimum 76% accuracy. These results suggest the model can effectively monitor rice servings, with potential for improvement through ongoing data collection and training. This development represents a significant advancement in personalized nutrition management, with high validation accuracy indicating its potential utility in dietary management. Continuous improvement based on expanding datasets promises enhanced precision and reliability, contributing to better health outcomes.

This study investigated the impact of hydrolyzed plant proteins on the physical, thermal, and rheological properties of rice flour (RF) for protein fortification for the elderly and general food systems. Faba bean protein concentrate and chickpea flour were first treated with polysaccharide hydrolyzed enzymes (control; CTFP and CTCF, respectively) and subsequentially with protease hydrolyzed enzymes (hydrolyzed protein material; HZFP and HZCF, respectively). The addition of CTFP and HZFP enhanced the swelling power of RF, whereas the CTCF and HZCF exhibited the opposite trends. Adding all controls and hydrolyzed protein materials to RF increased the solubility and gelatinization temperature and decreased the gelatinization enthalpy. The HZFP addition successfully developed the pasting viscosity of RF, whereas the others did not. The RF-HZFP mixture had a higher peak viscosity than RF but lower trough, breakdown, final, and setback viscosities. These findings suggest that the controls and hydrolyzed protein materials studied here could be used as sources for protein fortification of foods, particularly for the elderly, with minimal changes in textural and rheological characteristics, thereby contributing to the development of nutritious and palatable food products.

In this study, chicken fry was made using batter prepared from a frying pre-mix that replaced wheat flour (WF) with floury rice powder (FRP) at ratios of 0% (control group), 25% (FRP-25 group), 50% (FRP-50 group), 75% (FRP-75 group), and 100% (FRP-100 group). The physicochemical and acceptability of the finished chicken fry were assessed to provide basic data for product development studies using FRP. The experimental groups that replaced WF with FRP showed higher water binding capacity and lower fat binding capacity than the control group (p<0.05). The viscosity of the batter decreased significantly as the proportion of FRP increased (p<0.05). The pick-up rate measurement results showed significantly lower values in experimental groups compared to the control group (p<0.05). The color measurement results of the chicken fry showed that as the substitution ratio of FRP to WF increased, lightness decreased, and redness increased (p<0.05). The browning index also showed a significant increase as the substitution ratio of FRP increased. The acceptance test results showed that the FRP-100 experimental group was significantly higher in all acceptability characteristics than the control group (p<0.05).

As part of the KOPIA Paraguay Center rice pilot villages project, conducted from July 1, 2021, to the end of June 2024, this study examined the average yield and value of paddy rice harvested between January and April 2023 in five local rice pilot villages in Paraguay: Santa Rosa, Eusebio Ayala, Coronel Bogado, Santa Maria, and Yaguaron. The CEA-5K-PUNTA variety was planted in late August 2022 and subsequently harvested from January to April 2023. The farmers in the pilot villages received information on common pests, diseases, and weeds, including instructions on timing and the number of applications required for their control. They also received technical guidance on water management and weeding methods. The study found that the average yield per hectare in the pilot villages for the CEA-5K PUNTA variety in the 2022/2023 growing season was 794.50 kg/10a, compared to 477.17 kg/10a for the conventional variety IRGA 424 in the 2019/2020 season, which preceded the project. This indicates a 66.5% increase in yield per hectare for the pilot village farmers compared to the pre-project period (2020/2021). The analysis of paddy rice production value in the pilot villages, using the Difference in Differences method, revealed a 65.1% increase. Moreover, a financial analysis was conducted based on the addition of agricultural inputs to the paddy fields during the period from the end of August 2022 to January-April 2023. The analysis showed that the total cost was US$597.25 per hectare, while the gross income was US$1,685.3 per hectare. As a result, the net profit per hectare amounted to US$1,088.05.

This study investigated rice production status, rice consumption characteristics, and rice import and export trends in sub-Saharan Africa for researchers and policy makers on rice production in Africa and to suggest key strategy to improve rice self-sufficiency in Africa. In recent years, sub-Saharan Africa has seen an increasing number of food security conflicts because of climate change. The ultimate solution is to increase their food productivity and self-sufficiency in their countries. Rice is very important for poverty reduction in Africa because of its availability and affordability, making it accessible to the poor in Africa as a staple food. The total area of rice production in sub-Saharan Africa has nearly doubled from 7 million ha in 2000 to 13 million ha in 2020, and rice demand is also on the rise. However, the climate change and extreme weather events have led to greater variability in rice productivity, and international rice prices have increased continuously, making it increasingly difficult to improve Africa's rice self-sufficiency. In order to increase rice production and improve self-sufficiency in Africa, there are many challenges, such as irrigation facilities, improving soil quality, and supplying pesticides and fertilizers, but the most important is to develop and disseminate new rice varieties suitable for the African region. This will require not only breeding appropriate varieties for Africa's climate and soil, but also selecting proper varieties that meet the preferences of Africans. Additionally, an infrastructure system from production, cultivation, harvesting and storage to processing for the appropriate rice varieties should be aligned at the same time.

We compared the reproductive performance, non-productive performance, and milk composition performance of two groups of lactating cows that were either rice straw or tall fescue. We also compared and analyzed these parameters after the first parturition during the breeding period. The calving interval, artificial insemination, and duration from calving to conception were longer in the rice straw group than in the tall fescue group. The 305-day and peak milk yields were significantly higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.01). Milk fat content was significantly higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.001), but milk protein content was the same between the feeding groups. The difference in raw milk sales income between rice straw and tall fescue groups tended to increase as the number of lactations increased, but there was no effect of reduced feed costs. Analysis of the milk production and raw milk sales income of the surveyed farms revealed that the average milk production per head was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group, and raw milk sales income showed a similar tendency. Overall, these results provide important details to be considered when selecting feed as a way to reduce milk production and heifer raising costs. However, there remains a need for future follow-up studies exploring the relationship between feed choice and the management of heifers.

작물의 스트레스 조기 진단은 농업에 있어 빠른 대응을 가능하게 해 피해를 경감시킬 수 있어 중요한 기술이다. 기존의 스트레스 진단이 가진 파괴적인 형식의 시료 채집과 양분 분석에 많은 노동력을 필요로 한다는 단점 극복을 위해 새로운 기술 개발이 필요하다. 미래에는 대단위 영상을 이용한 생육 진단 기술에 대한 수요가 높아질 것으로 예상되어 이를 이용한 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구는 2023년 경상남도 밀양시에 위치한 국립식량과학원 실험 포장에서 수행되었으며, 무인항공기(UAV)를 이용하여 양분 결핍 처리(관행시비, 질소 결핍, 인 결핍, 칼륨 결핍, 무비)에 따른 벼의 생육을 조사했다. UAV를 이용해 생육 기간 중 총 6회에 걸쳐 포장을 촬영하였고, 영상을 기반으로 11개의 식생 지수를 산출하여 기계학습을 통해 양분 결핍을 진단하는 모델을 구축하여 평가했다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 엽록소 함량과 관련된 지수인 NDRE (Normalized Difference Red Edge)가 가장 높은 중요도를 나타내어 벼의 양분 상태를 효과적으로 진단하는 데 유용하다는 것을 확인하였다. 6개의 각 단계별로 모델을 평가하였을 때 모든 단계에서 accuracy가 0.7 이상으로 나타났다. 조기 진단을 위해 첫 촬영 날짜인 7월 5일의 자료로 모델을 만들어 다른 회차에 적용하여 모델의 성능을 평가한 결과, 5개의 모든 단계에서 0.9 이상의 accuracy를 얻었다. 종합적으로, UAV 영상 기반의 식생 지수를 활용한 양분 결핍 진단은 벼의 생육을 조기에 예측하는 데 효과적이며, 이는 정밀 농업 분야에서 시간과 노동을 절감하고 양분 관리를 개선하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

Spiders play an important role in regulating insect pests in the agricultural ecosystem. The community structure and biodiversity of rice field spiders were surveyed in 5 areas (Anseong, Nonsan, Imsil, Namwon, and Gurye) from 20 May to 30 September, 2021. A total of 5,525 spiders collected were identified as 64 species of 17 families. Species richness and abundance were high in Lycosidae, Tetragnathidae and Linyphiidae. The similarity of rice field spider communities among regions was about 72% and was divided into three groups: the middle inland area, the southern mountainous area, and the southern inland area. Species diversity averaged as 2.55±0.06. On the seasonaliy of The boidiversity tended to increase toward the latter half of cultivation.

The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus, is a major insect pest for the rice plants. SBPH is also a known vector of rice stripe virus (RSV), which causes severe yield losses in rice crops throughout the East Asia. RSV is persistently transmitted by SBPH and can also be transmitted to offspring through transovarial transmission. SBPH is known to migrate from China to the west coast of the Republic of Korea (ROK). The study investigated the impact of temperature on the acquisition and transmission of RSV by SBPH in ROK, which is expected to experience increased migration and emergence of SBPH due to climate change. The results revealed that the acquisition and transmission rates of RSV were higher at 27°C compared to 24°C, with rates of 100% and 78.3%, respectively. However, at 30°C, the acquisition and transmission rates of RSV was decreased. The results suggests that temperature can impact the transmission of RSV by SBPH. To investigate this further, SBPH adults were fed on RSV-infected plants and infection rates were compared across various tissues, including the head, salivary glands, midgut, Malpighian tubules, ovary, and hindgut. Results showed that at 36 hours post-infection, RSV was highly detected in the Malpighian tubules, ovary, and hindgut. At 48 hours post-infection, RSV was also detected in the thorax. These results suggest that the transmission rates of RSV in SBPH increase with temperature between 24-27°C, but decrease at 30°C, indicating that the vectorial capacity of SBPH for RSV decreases above a certain threshold.

The system of rice intensification (SRI) has been proposed as a way of transitioning towards more sustainable rice farming. In rainfed rice farming, however, various environmental constraints often make SRI practices challenging to adopt. We conducted an on-farm experiment in 30 rainfed lowland fields to examine the technical efficacy of SRI in southern Cambodia during the wet seasons of over three years of 2012, 2013, and 2015. Across the three years, the SRI practices produced significantly greater plant biomass and grain yield than non-SRI. We ascribed the yield increase to the increased number of grains per land area as the increased number of spikelets per panicle rather than the number of panicles per land area. With no significant difference in seedling age between the SRI and the non-SRI, we attributed the more substantial number of grains per panicle to the reduced planting density, increased manure application, and reduced amount of inorganic fertilizers in SRI fields. Our results suggest that the advantage of the SRI lies in the efficient use of internally available soil nutrients, whose mechanisms need quantitative understanding through future studies.

Given the recent increases in feed cost, the demand for rice straw has been increasing on dairy farms because it is cheaper than expensive imported forages. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of rice straw feeding on the growth and productivity of dairy heifers. This study compared how feeding tall fescue and rice straw affects the growth, age at first calving, and feed cost of heifers. we compared the growth, age at first calving, and feed cost for each group during the breeding period. Body height was higher in the tall fescue-fed group than in the rice straw-fed group (p<0.05). The length of the growing stage was significantly shorter in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.001) and the age at calving also showed a significant reduction in the tall fescue group compared to the rice straw group (p<0.001). However, the feed cost was lower in the rice straw group because of the difference in the unit price of forage (p<0.001). Based on these results, during the growing period, the rice straw group had delays in growth and the age at first calving compared to the tall fescue group, but also had reduced feed costs in the short term.

Understanding changes in fermentation characteristics and microbial populations of forage silage during ensiling is of interest for improving the nutrient value of the feed for ruminants. This study was conducted to investigate the changes in fermentation characteristics and bacterial communities of whole crop rice (WCR) silage during the ensiling period. The chemical compositions, pH, organic acids and bacterial communities were evaluated at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months after ensiling. The bacterial communities were classified at both the genus and species levels. The dry matter content of WCR silage decreased with the length of storage (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in crude protein and NDF contents. Following fermentation, the pH level of WCR silage was lower than the initial level. The lactic acid content remained at high levels for 3 to 6 months after ensiling, followed by a sharp decline at 12 months (p<0.05). Before fermentation, the WCR was dominated by Weissella (30.8%) and Pantoea (20.2%). Growth of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (31.4%) was observed at 3 months after ensiling. At 6 months, there was a decrease in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (10.2%) and an increase in Levilactobacillus brevis (12.8%), resulting in increased bacteria diversity until that period. The WCR silage was dominated by Lentilactobacillus buchneri (71.2%) and Lacticaseibacillus casei (27.0%) with a sharp reduction in diversity at 12 months. Overall, the WCR silage maintained satisfactory fermentation quality over a 12-month ensiling period. Furthermore, the fermentation characteristics of silage were found to be correlated to bacterial microbiome.