The purpose of this study is to identify the effective lumbar area exercise program to prevent falls of the elderly by dividing 14 female elders over 65 living in Daegu into two groups such as resistance exercise group and resistance & stabilization exercise group, and applying a 60 minute exercise program three times a week for 12 weeks. The followings are the results. First, both of resistance exercise and resistance & stabilization exercise brought improvement of lumbar strength and there was no significant difference between two groups. Second, there was no significant difference in lower limb strength in resistance exercise group but resistance & stabilization exercise group showed significant increase in lower limb flexor strength. To make a summary of the above results, it can be said that 12 weeks’ resistance & stabilization exercise is effective to the lumbar strength and lower limb strength of the elderly. Accordingly, if combining resistance exercise and stabilization exercise appropriately, we can build a successful preventive program which even the elderly who cannot perform resistance exercise easily can follow.

Korea has been striving for the development of the nation in various aspects. It will also have to make an effort for its continued development in the future. The problems of low-income groups that occur in those processes cannot be simply ignored now. It is needed to provide an equal opportunity to low-income groups so that they can be part of the society. The cycle of economic problem should be disconnected through this process. Farm-Housing is one of the solutions to this problem. Its purposes are not only to provide residence in the complex, but to gain income through various activities, such as production, distribution and consumption, and solve part of the economic problems of the people living in the Farm-Housing. To sell the products of Farm-Housing, the neighboring cities need to be designated as a hinterland. For this reason, Farm-Housing needs to be located in the suburban area of large cities. However, the current laws and policies make it difficult to construct Farm-Housing in suburban areas. Presenting plans to solve such problem is the purpose of this paper.

This study aimed to determine the usefulness of classifying patients with neck pain on the basis of the results of passive scapular elevation test. We classified 21 patients with neck pain into positive (n=12) and negative (n=9) groups on the basis of passive scapular elevation test; the 2 groups then equally performed scapular stabilization exercise program for 30 min, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and range of motion (ROM) were recorded both before and after the intervention for both groups. Paired t-test was used to determine that there were significant changes between before and after the intervention, and independent t-test was used for analyzing changes between two groups of dependent variables. After 4 weeks of training, we observed significant decrease in pain and disability (p<.05) and a significant increase in rotation, flexion, extension, and side-bending ROM (p<.05) in both groups. Further, between pre- and post-intervention evaluations, we observed a significant decrease in pain and disability and a significant increase in rotation and flexion ROM in the positive group than in the negative group (p<.05). These results indicate that passive scapular elevation test may be used to identify mechanical disorders of the cervicoscapular muscle in patients with neck pain. Therefore, we recommend the use of passive scapular elevation test to determine appropriate treatment intervention when treating patients with neck pain.

The aim of this study is to compare measurements of abdominal muscle thickness using ultrasonography imaging (USI) to those using a special transducer head device, during five different trunk stabilization exercises, ultimately to determine which exercise led to the greatest muscle thickness. Thirty eight healthy subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. The five types of trunk stabilization - i.e., a sit-up on the supine, an upper and lower extremity raise with quadruped on the prone, a leg raise in sitting on the ball, trunk rolling on the ball, and balance using sling on the prone position - were each performed with an abdominal draw. The thickness of the abdominal muscle - including the transverse abdominal (TrA), internal oblique (IO), and external oblique (EO) - was measured by USI with a special transducer head device, at rest and then at contraction in each position. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated ANOVA with the level of significance set at =.05. The results were as follows: 1) the TrA thickness was statistically significant (p<.05), whereas the IO and EO thicknesses were not (p>.05); 2) among the five types of trunk stabilization, TrA thickness significantly increased with the balance using a sling in the prone position, (p<.05), whereas no significant difference was noted for the four types of trunk stabilization (p>.05); 3) reliability data showed that there was a high degree of consistency among the measurements taken using the special transducer head device (ICC=.92). In conclusion, the balance using a sling in the prone position was more effective than any of the four other types of trunk stabilization in increasing TrA thickness in healthy subjects.

hydroxycinnamic acid인 ferulic acid와 caffeic acid는 강력한 식물성 항산화제 이다. DPPH 수용액에서 이들의 자유라디칼 소거능과 높은 온도, 금속 이온과 같은 산화촉진 요인에 대한 화학적 안정성 등을 살펴보았다. 아스코르빅 산의 안정성 향상을 위해 ferulic acid와 caffeic acid를 아스코르빅산 수용액에 첨가하였다. 아스코르빅 산의 안정성 향상은 시간경과에 따른 SC50 값의 변화로부터 확인하였다. 아스코르빅 산을 ferulic acid 또는 caffeic acid와 조합하여 BGsome 안에 포집시켜본 결과, 아스코르빅 산의 안정성이 순수한 용액 상태로 있을 때에 비해 크게 향상되었다.

식품산업에서의 나노기술은 많은 연구와 가능성 있는 제품으로 새롭게 각광받는 분야이다. 나노와 마이크로 크기의 고체 입자는 유화된 오일 또는 물 입자를 함유하는 분산계의 처방에 적용 가능성이 매우 높은 것으로 인식되고 있다. 본 논문은 식용의 지방 결정, 실리카 나노 입자 및 생체 유래의 나노 결정체에 기반을 둔 식품 에멀젼의 성질과 개발에 관한 리뷰논문으로 다양한 피커링 안정화 분야에 관하여 검토하였다. 특히, 단백질로 안정화된 일반적인 에멀젼과 비교하여 Pickering 안정화 입자에 대해 초점을 맞추고자한다. 또한, 식품 산업에서 이들의 응용 예를 다루고자한다.

The lumbar multifidus muscle, which can be separated into deep fascicles (DM) and superficial fascicles (SM), is important for lumbar segmental stability. However, no previous studies have investigated the effect of lumbar stabilization exercises on the thickness of DM and SM. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess DM thickness after three different lumbar segmental stabilization exercises. In total, 30 healthy male participants were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three exercise groups: hollowing in the quadruped position (H-Quad), contralateral arm and leg lift (CALL), and bilateral arm and leg lift (BALL). Each lumbar segmental stabilization exercise was conducted over 4 weeks. Ultrasonography was used to compare the DM and SM thickness before and after the 4 weeks of exercise. A mixed-model analysis of variance using Scheffe's post-hoc test was used for statistical analysis. The results showed a significant effect for the measurement time (before vs. after 4 weeks of exercise) in the DM (F=31.26, p<.05) and SM (F=4.56, p<.05). At the end of the 4 weeks, the DM thickness had increased significantly in the H-Quad exercise group, and the SM thickness had increased significantly in the CALL and BALL exercise groups. Also in the BALL exercise group, the SM thickness was greater compared with that in the H-Quad exercise group. These findings suggest that the thickness of the DM and SM were increased by different types of lumbar segmental stability exercise after 4 weeks.

통항선박의 횟수가 잣은 연안의 항로주변은 선박에 의해 발생하는 항주파로 정온화가 필요한 항만시설이나 마리나에 많은 외력을 주게 된다. 이는 이동 및 정박 중인 선박이나 항만시설의 안정성을 저해시키는 요인으로 작용한다. 본 연구에서는 항만시설 및 마리나가 설치된 해역의 정온해역을 확보하고자 수치해석 및 수조시험을 통하여 고정형 부유식 구조물 설치에 따른 구조물로 인한 파고변화 및 주위의 유체역학적 특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 해상환경에 따른 소파효

사용후 핵연료내 우라늄 및 초우란원소를 회수하는 파이로프로세싱 공정에서 배출되는 금속염화물계 방사성 폐기물은 높은 휘발특성과 붕규산계 유리와의 낮은 상용성으로 인해 고화처리가 쉽지 않은 폐기 물이다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 고화처리의 한 방법으로 탈염화 반응을 통한 고화체제조 개념을 채택 하였다. 솔젤법을 이용하여 탈염화물질, SiO2-Al2O3-P2O5 (SAP)을 합성하였으며 이를 이용하여 탈염화 반 응거동 반응생성물의 고형화 특성을 조사하였다. LiCl계 폐기물과 달리, LiCl-KCl폐기물의 반응은 두 개 의 온도범위에서 반응이 진행되며, 400℃의 경우에는 LiCl이, 약 700℃에서는 KCl이 주로 반응하는 것으 로 확인되었다. 여러 가지 반응실험을 통하여 LiCl-KCl의 탈염화 반응에 가장 적합한 물질은 SAP 1071 (Si/Al/P=1/0.75/1 in molar)인 것으로 확인되었다. 4가지 종류의 고형화 실험을 통하여 고화체의 bulk shape과 densification은 SAP/Salt의 비에 영향 받는 것을 확인하였다. 제조된 고형화 시료는 Product Consistency Test-A법을 이용하여 기본적인 내구성을 평가하였다. 본 연구는 SiO2, Al2O3, P2O5 로 이루 어진 탈염화 물질을 이용하여 반응특성과 고형화 특성에 대한 기본적인 정보를 제공하였으며, 이와 같은 실험을 통하여, 본 연구에서 제안된 탈염화 고화처리방법이 휘발특성이 높고 기존 유리매질과 상용성이 낮은 금속염화물계 폐기물에 적용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

금속염화물계 방사성 폐기물은 전해공정으로 이루어진 파이로프로세싱공정의 주요한 방사성 폐기물이 다. 이와 같은 폐기물은 탄산염이나 질산염과 달리 고온에서 분해되지 않고 바로 휘발되며, 기존의 규산 계 유리와 상용성이 낮아 처리가 쉽지 않다. 본 연구팀은 금속염화물계 폐기물을 고화처리하는 방법으로 탈염화처리법을 채택하였다. 본 연구에서는 그 후속적인 연구로서, 탈염화물질로 제안된 SAP (SiO2- Al2O3-P2O5)의 조성을 변화시켜 LiCl-KCl과의 반응성을 향상시키고 고화공정을 단순화시키고자 하였다. 기본물질계에 Fe2O3를 첨가할 경우 무게반응비 SAP/Salt를 3에서 2.25로 낮출수 있으며, Fe가 Al을 치환 하는 몰분율이 0.1이상이 될 경우에는 오히려 반응성이 점진적으로 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 M-SAP에 B2O3를 첨가할 경우에는 유리매질을 사용하지 않고 monolithic form을 제조할 수 있었다. 침출 시험결과 U-SAP 1071이 가장 높은 내구성을 보여주었으며, 1 g의 금속폐기물을 처리시 약 3∼4 g의 고 화체가 발생되며, 이는 기존의 고화처리법보다 약 ⅓∼¼배정도 최종처분부피가 감소되는 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 이상의 실험결과로부터, 기존의 유리고화공정으로 처리가 어려운 휘발성 금속염화물계 폐기물 을 단 하나의 물질을 이용하여 처리할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 이러한 처리방법은 고화처리시 발생되는 부피를 최소화활 수 있는 대안적인 고화처리방법이 될 것으로 판단된다.

This study focuses on the realization of Fiber-Optic network's stabilization light source which is increasingly necessary according to the construction of the current high speed communication network. The stabilization light source is being used as an optical source in constructing the various Fiber-Optic networks, and developing the communication parts. And the light source consists of LED(light emitting diode) and Laser(light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). LED has some merits, which are cheap and easy to treat, however the output is comparably small. And LED has some restrictions for transmitting the long distance because of broad line width. However, Laser, which has narrow line width and high output, is being used for transmitting the long distance and for the various LED and systems. This study develops the light source using Laser which is essential for the construction of communication networks as well as for the production and inspection of the communication parts. Considering for the portable, the stabilization light source, is developed light and easy to use, which has a structure using a small battery. As a result of an evaluation for the developed parts this study comes to know that an outstanding characteristic was realized because an accidental error occurred within ± 0.1[dB] not only in the characteristic of the initial motion but also in the 10 hour long operation. built-in.

For the optimal design of a shrimp pot to control the catch size and to reduce catch the small size shrimp, tank experiments were carried out to study the pot stability under water. Tank experiments were carried out to measure the drag with 4 kinds of model pots that have 50% selection on the individual of 25mm carapace length. The drag of each pot was measured every 10 times with changing the current speeds from 0.1m/s to 0.7m/s in 0.1m/s intervals and the pot attack angle from 0˚ to 90˚ in 15˚ interval in a flume tank. The relation between the current speed and drag was presented. The stability of pot was estimated using the drag data and the friction data of Kim et al. (2008b). The results showed that, the drag was shown lower as small as the projected area of pot depending on the current speeds and angles. The model pots were showed to slide on the seabed in case of rock at the current speeds 0.35-0.38m/s and the possibility of turn over at the current speeds 0.77-0.89m/s. In conclusion, the stability of a shrimp pot showed more stable as the pot of the lower the height and the smaller projected area on current.

본 연구에서는 폐금속 광산 주변 비소와 중금속으로 오염된 논토양을 효과적으로 복원하기 위한 안정화 제로써 석회석과 제강슬래그의 처리효과와 그 적용성을 검토하기 위해 담수답의 환원 환경을 적용한 컬럼 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 담수된 논토양의 환원 환경에서는 철과 망간 성분이 환원되어 급격하게 용출되는 시점에 중금속 성분도 급격하게 용출되는 경향이 나타났으며, 대조구(무처리)의 경우 침출수에서 오염기준을 초과한 시료가 나타났다. 그러나 석회석 5%와 제강슬래그 5%로 각각 처리한 토양은 모두 오염기준 이하로 대조구보다 중금속 농도가 매우 낮게 검출되었다. 석회석과 제강슬래그 모두 담수답의 환원 환경에서 좋은 처리효과를 나타내어 효과적인 안정화제로 판단되었으며, 특히 제강슬래그는 담수답 환 경에서 지속적으로 증가하는 비소 성분에 대해서 좋은 처리효과를 나타내었다.

Encapsulation of L-ascorbic acid(AA) into BGsome was attempted to improve its stability. BGsome is a bio-compatible vesicular system prepared by dispersion of hydrated liquid crystalline phase formed through hydration of 1,3-butylene glycol(BG)-dissolved lecithin with an aqueous solution containing hydrophilic component. The characteristics of AA encapsulated BGsome, such as droplet size, surface charge, and solution appearance, was investigated. The concentration of AA solution had considerable effect on droplet size and surface charge of BGsome. Several tens nanometer droplet made by sonication treatment did not showed any change of size with storage time. Stability of AA was improved by encapsulation into BGsome, which was verified through DPPH test and HPLC assay.

장대교량의 실현을 논함에 있어서 보강거더의 플러터 안정화는 필수적인 검토 항목이다. 본 연구에서는 보강거더의 등가비정상공기력계수의 개념에 기초하여 연성플러터를 안정화하는 해석적인 접근방법을 제시하였다. 등가비정상공기력계수는 교축방향으로의 서로 다른 형상의 보강거더 배치와 구조계의 진동모드에 영향을 받는다. 우선, 평행식 및 모노듀오 형식 초장대 현수교를 대상으로 평판의 비정상공기력계수를 이용하여 대칭 및 역대칭 1차 연직/비틀림 진동모드에 대한 연성플러터 특성 분석 및 플러터 안정화 개념을 도출하였다. 다음으로, 모노듀오 초장대 현수교의 연성플러터 안정화 방안으로서, 그레이팅 거더 및 평판 단면을 이용하여 교축방향으로의 효과적인 배치방안에 대해 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bridging stabilization exercise on balance ability and gait performance in elderly women. The subjects of this study were thirty-one elderly women over 65 years old in HongSung-Gun Senior Citizen Welfare Hall. The subjects were randomly assigned into one of three groups (trunk stabilization exercise on the mat, whole body vibration, and Swiss ball) and participated in each exercise program three times a week for 4 weeks. Each exercise began in the bridging position. The dynamic balance and gait were measured by limit of stability area using force plate, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). The results were as follows: 1) The limit of stability in three groups increased significantly in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral lean after 4-weeks intervention (p<.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the limit of stability among three groups after 4-weeks intervention (p>.05). 3) The BBS and TUG in three groups increased significantly after 4-weeks intervention (p<.05). 4) There were significant differences among three groups in BBS. Post-hoc test showed that Swiss ball exercise group was significantly higher than the mat and whole body vibration groups. 5) There were no significant differences TUG among three groups after 4-weeks intervention (p>.05). In conclusion, this study suggested that 4 weeks of the bridging stabilization exercises were effective on balance and gait in all three groups. Particularly Swiss ball exercise group showed higher improvement than two other exercise groups (mat, whole body vibration group).

The effects of an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) using a pressure bio-feedback unit (PBFU) were compared to the effects of a pelvic belt (PB) on the muscle activities of the hip and back extensor muscles during hip extension in the prone position. Fifteen healthy male participants all performed prone hip extensions under three conditions: 1) preferred hip extension (PHE), 2) performing an ADIM, and 3) using a PB. The muscle activities of the erector spinae, the gluteus maximus, and the medial hamstring on the right side were recorded by surface electromyography. The muscle activity of the erector spinae was significantly lower while performing an ADIM during prone hip extension than during PHE or with a PB (p<.05). Gluteus maximus muscle activity was significantly higher while performing an ADIM (p<.05). No significant difference was found for the medial hamstring muscle among the three conditions (p>.05). We concluded that the internal stabilization of the pelvis and lumbar spine afforded by the ADIM using a PBFU could be more effective than the external stabilization provided by a PB in terms of increasing selectively gluteus maximus activation during prone hip extension.

The objective of this research was to examine the effects of lumber stabilization exercise and a general physiotherapy program for caregivers with chronic low back pain. Sixteen people participated in this study and were randomly assigned to two groups for either lumbar stabilization exercise or for general physiotherapy, respectively. The experiment was performed for eight weeks. To examine the general as well as the medical characteristics of the participants, the following measurements were used: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); Back Performance Scale (BPS); Roland - Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ); and Beck Depression Index (BDI). To compare the general and medical characteristics of the participants in the two groups, an independent t test were used. During the experiment, a paired t test was conducted to determine whether there was a significant difference in the values of VAS, ODI, BPS, RMDQ, and BDI before and after the experiment. To examine the difference in the VAS, ODI, BPS, RMDQ, and BDI values in the two groups, ANCOVA was used with pre test values as a covariate. According to the test results, in the lumbar stabilization exercise group, the VAS, ODI, BPS, RMDQ, and BDI values showed a statistically significant difference before and after the test (p<.05). In comparison, in the general physiotherapy program group, only the ODI and BPS values showed a statistically significant level of improvement. Regarding the degree of improvement, participants in the lumbar stabilization exercise group showed statistically significant progress compared to those in the general physiotherapy group. In summary, lumbar stabilization exercise is regarded as more effective than general physiotherapy for treating caregivers with chronic low back pain. In future studies, it will be useful to expand the research and to examine the long term effects of lumbar stabilization exercise on workers.

The American serpentine leafminer fly, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), is one of the most destructive polyphagous pests world wide. In this study, we determined electron beam doses for inhibition of normal development of the L. trifolii and investigated the effect of electron beam irradiation on DNA damage and p53 stability. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were irradiated with increasing doses of electron beam irradiation (six levels ranges from 30 to 200 Gy). At 150 Gy, the number of adults that developed from irradiated eggs, larvae and pupae was lower than those of untreated control. Fecundity and egg hatchability decreased depending on the doses applied. Reciprocal crosses between irradiated and unirradiated flies demonstrated that males were more radiotolerant than females. Adult longevity was not affected in all stages. The levels of DNA damage in L. trifolii adults were evaluated using the alkaline comet assay. Our results indicate that electron beam irradiation increased levels of DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, low doses of electron beam irradiation led to the rapid appearance of p53 protein with in 6 h; however, it decreased after exposure to high doses (150 Gy and 200 Gy). These results suggest that electron beam irradiation induced not only abnormal development and reproduction but also p53 stability caused by DNA damage in L. trifolii. We conclude that a minimum dose of 150 Gy should be sufficient for sterilization of L. trifolii.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of meditation music with lumbar stabilization exercise on balance, concentration and muscle activation. Participants are divided into Group A and Group B. Group A listened to meditation music while doing 4 sets of lumbar stabilization exercise. Group B did not listen to meditation music while doing 4 sets of lumbar stabilization exercise. Surface EMG data was obtained rectus abdominis, external oblique, erector spinae, multifidus muscle during lumbar stabilization exercise. To examine the effect of before-after experiment for concentration and balance, paired t-test was adopted. Changes in EMG data of each muscles were analyzed by independence t-test. There were statistically significant increasing at concentration level and balance level in Group A. But significant difference was not shown in muscle activation. The clinical effect of the meditation music with lumbar stabilization exercise was investigated in this study with more excellent results in concentration and balance. In conclusion, these results suggest that meditation music and lumbar stabilization exercise may be useful in elderly people.