This study aims to examine the expressive characteristics of the New Chinese style in the collection of Chinese fashion designer Ziggy Chen, analyze the inner meaning, and suggest a new direction in Chinese fashion design. As a research method, the background and concept of New-Chinese style occurrence were examined through previous studies, and the characteristics of the New Chinese style expression in fashion were investigated. The characteristics of the New Chinese style were summarized as cultural tradition, historical ethnicity, and pluralistic convergence. Based on these contents, the characteristics of the New Chinese style expression in Ziggy Chen’s men’s fashion design were analyzed. The data collection range was selected as the range of 20 seasons collected from 2012 S/S to 2022 A/W, which was collected on fashion sites and the brand’s official Instagram. The analysis results are as follows. First, subcultural resistance is a retro and ragged decadence formed by combining punk elements and industrial styles based on the clothing styles of lower-class Chinese people in the 17th and 90s. Second, cultural traditionality was influenced by traditional culture by mainland Chinese designers, who expressed the conservative presence of tradition and the Chinese style by looking at it from an oriental perspective. Third, historical ethnicity forms a Chinese fashion culture in which the national spirit and the development of the times coexist, while traditional culture and contemporary social values develop in harmony. Fourth, traditional fashion develops by combining a contemporary aesthetic sense and lifestyle with pluralistic convergence.

This study aims to investigate the socio-cultural background of Poulaines, which influenced fashion and contemporary shoe design. Analyzing the characteristics of the Poulaines provided basic data for different shoes. The study method utilized previous studies to explore the concept and characteristics of Poulaines. In the empirical analysis, shoe design data mainly came from collections that illustrate formative elements of contemporary shoe design from the 2010 S/S season to the 2020 S/S season. A total of 709 photo materials were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of Poulaines were exaggerated to symbolize classes of the past and sexual expression. The expanding structure was divided into the fore nose, heel, and top-line and featured a design that expressed the formative beauty of Poulaines. Additionally, the decorative desire to represent wealth and class using various materials introduced new designs into contemporary shoe designs while showing extreme decorativeness through over-trimming and color contrast. Furthermore, the heterogeneous characteristics that come from the change and harmony of the shoes’ body and heel that deviated from the existing shoe shapes were classified into the dissolution of shapes and mixing and matching. Thus, they broke the monotonous silhouette of shoes and gave variety delicately.

중국 랴오닝성 조양시 카좌지역은 자사문화가 농후하고 역사가 유구하며 풍부한 자사광물자원과 심원한 자사역사를 갖고있으며 북방 자사의 대표이기도 하다. 현지의 지역문화는 당대 자사기물의 조형에 중요한 영향을 주었으며 카좌지역의 자사공 예대사는 현지의 우수한 문화유물을 계승한 기초에서 자사기물의 조형면에서 이론과 실천상의 끊임없는 탐색을 하였다. 이것은 오랜 제작공예와 현대조형예술이 완벽하게 결합되여 카좌 지방특색을 띤 자사기물조형을 형성하였다. 비록 카좌자사산업의 발전은 비교적 늦었지만 그 자사산업의 기원은 일찍 홍산문화시기로 거슬러올라갈수 있다. 유구한 역사적배경으로 하여 카좌자사기물의 조형은 일정한 연구가치가 있다. 전체 문장은 주로 두개 방면으로 논술하였다. 제1 부분에서는 카좌지역의 각 시기 자사의 발전배경에 대해 간략하게 소개한다. 제2 부분은 카좌 현지 문화유물이 카좌자사 기물의 조 형에 준 영향을 주요내용으로 한다. 각 시기 당지의 문화유물 을 주요원소로 하여 당대의 카좌자사기물조형에서 응용한 과정을 분석하여 카좌지역의 대표성을 띤 자사기물조형을 형성하였다. 또한 문물의 역사와 조형 방면에 대해 개술하고 조형요소를 응용한 자사기물이 대표하는 의의와 존재가치에 대해 깊이 있는 분석을 진행하였다. 그리고 몽골족을 주체로 한 현지 민족문화가 카좌자사 기물조형에 준 영향을 분석하였으며 몽골족 특유의 옷고름 장식, 민족악기, 건축풍격 등 조형요소를 카좌 당대의 자사기물 조형에 응용하였다. 이는 카좌자사공예의 전시일뿐만아니라 몽골족의 민족특색을 전승하는 중요한 담체로서 자사공예와 민족문화가 완벽하게 융합되었다.

This study examines the characteristics of expressing hippie styles in contemporary women’s collections and analyzes them to benefit future fashion design and research. This study reviewed advanced research, fashion magazines, and information providers. The advanced research determined the study’s scope by pinpointing the designers who introduced the hippie style into their collections. The results are as follows: First, the reproduced hippie style appears as the combination of various colors and materials, a convergence or mixture of styles, or the use of collage or patchwork. It employs natural silhouettes or varied colors and materials, which makes the renewed hippie style more luxurious than in the past. Second, the reproduced hippie style emphasizes and distinguishes between two types of femininity: a girlish, romantic image using A-line silhouettes and, bright, gleaming colors, and a sexy version that boldly exposes the body or women’s curves and, uses soft and flexible materials. Third, the exotic tendencies found in the reproduced hippie style reflect the characteristics of the times, folk costume, or eastern or western features perceived as exotic. Recently, traditional costumes have changed slightly to recall characteristics found in the past. Fourth, the reproduced hippie style reflects hippies’ affection for and interest in nature by using environmentally-friendly materials like natural fibers. Flowers, the symbol of hippies, appear most frequently.

This study examined how the various garden forms introduced in the entire garden of Naumkeag were expressed, and in particular, how the modern style of the Naumkeag Garden was planned. The results are as follows. The Naumkeag garden has introduced various garden styles from China and Europe. This phenomenon appeared to be different from the features of the modernist garden that rejected historical style. The garden elements are introduced in detail and ornamental form, which is different from the characteristic of modernism that avoids such style. The introduction of new industrial materials, such as concrete and iron, has been actively incorporated and are the most visible characteristic of the modernist garden. It was confirmed that the role of the outdoor room, which is a characteristic element of the modernist garden, and garden elements were designed as the material filling the space. As a result, Naumkeag gardens are characterized by modernist style including the introduction of new industrial materials and functional aspects of garden elements. In addition, due to the influence of neoclassicism, garden styles from various countries were displayed. Nevertheless, the Naumkeag gardens are gardens to which Fletcher Steele introduced modernism, and it is evident that it played an important role in the birth and development of American modernist gardens.

This study aimed to contribute to the development of various female fashion designs by reviewing the genderless styles in androgynous trends that have loomed large in women's fashion, as well as through analyzing and organizing the changes in women's fashion that were required in a society in which various values coexist. A literature review was conducted to identify the genderless concepts, through which a total of 1,273 materials were selected from 10 brands of the S/S collections, during the period of 2006~2016. The results were as follows: first, without the juxtaposition of incongruous objects or images and a fixed type of color arrangements, the compromise shown in women's fashion were mostly expressed through various tones and diverse colors, and with the mixed use of heterogeneous patterns and materials. Second, the enjoyment of genderless styles was expressed with the unexpectedness that occur through symmetry/asymmetry and harmony/disharmony, as well as through the deviation from conventional notions regarding clothing structures. Third, the exaggeration expressed in women’s clothing collections perfectly covered up a woman’s body shape with the silhouette of exorbitantly expanded bulk and dimensions. These were done with extended lengths, expanded adornments, and modified clothing design types or structures. Fourth, the sensuality of genderless styles analyzed in women’s fashion was expressed with mannish clothing that accentuates the beauty of the female body. Lastly, the historicity shown in genderless styles was expressed through clothing that represented traditional styles of the past, the symbolic meanings expressed in the clothes’ colors and patterns, and the methods in which the decorative factors were utilized.

This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of buckwheat soksungjang and commercial doenjang. We analyzed moisture, total sugar, color, salinity, amino type nitrogen, amino acids, and antioxidant activities. Buckwheat soksungjang had lower salinity content (7.44±0.10%) than commercial doenjang (8.82-9.81%). The quercetin content of buckwheat soksungjang was 0.78±0.01 mg% while commercial doenjang’s was 0.29-1.16 mg%. The DPPH and content of the total polyphenol of buckwheat soksungjang (DPPH radical scavenging activity 62.21±0.45% and total polyphenol content 447.51±14.61 mg%) and commercial doenjang (DPPH radical scavenging activities: 44.07-68.50%; total polyphenol contents: 328.26-407.51 mg%) were both significant.

This study aims to classify the architectural formation of the Stylobate of and Staircase types of Post-Lintel Construction in Backje style and Silla style and also to figure out their specific elements by periods and transformation characteristics. The scope of this study was restricted to architectural remains between the Three Kingdom period and the Goryeo period. To progress the investigation, the study classified remains in a similar type by period and type, and then and analyzed its character based on formation method and specific factors of subsidiary materials. As a result, its type can be classified as Backje type(Ⅰ), Silla type(Ⅱ) and Mixed type(Ⅲ). Regionally, it is found that Woongjin, Sabi and surroundings in the capital of Backje, Gyeongju and main towns in the capital of Silla, and Gaeseong and main towns in the capital of Goryeo. In particular, type III has the characteristics of type I and II simultaneously, which has one or two layers Jangdaeseok stone between the foundation stone of stylobate and plate stone, and tends to be decorative when Taengjuseok stone is installed. For types of staircase, it could be classified as 6~7C Backje type(Ⅰ), 7~9C Silla type(Ⅱ) and 9C Mixed type(Ⅲ) according to the formation method of Somaetdol (banister of stone stair). And from the 9th century on, decorated Somaetdol stone type(IV) of 1/4 circle shape began to appear. The common feature of stylobate of post-lintel and staircase is that it became simplified, abbreviated and decorative. It seems to be intended to secure simplicity of construction or structural stability.

본 연구는 20세기 초기의 서양 흔들의자를 분석하여 조형적, 실용적 관점에서 양식적 특징을 학문적 으로 규명하고, 오늘날 우리나라 흔들의자의 설계 및 제작의 기초자료를 제공하는 것에 목적이 있다. 20 세기 전반의 서양 흔들의자(1925~1945년 제작)는 형태가 기능을 따라야 한다는 단순한 기능주의의 이념을 적극적으로 표현하였다. 원목을 활용한 흔들의자는 표면장식을 배제하였고, 강철관 프레임의 흔들의자는 검정색 가죽의 업홀스터리를 즐겨 사용하면서 노출된 구조미를 대담하게 표현하였다. 또 강철관을 통하여 가구의 경량화가 이루어졌고 곡선미 있는 새로운 양식이 출현하였다. 근대 흔들의자의 구조는 양식과 기능적 이유에서 모두 중요하게 되었다. 디자이너들은 강철관과 목재 프레임의 노출된 구조를 통합성 및 합리성과 결부 시켜 디자인의 평등주의 스타일을 만들어냈다. 특히 이 시기에는 밝고 대담한 색상의 업홀스터리와 목재 프레임으로 구성된 흔들의자가 근대적 특징의 단순한 형태로 다양하게 표현되었 다.

This study attempts to examine the differences of consumption cultures between Korean and China by analysing the consumption life style.<BR> This study extracts clothing habits, eating habits and shopping patterns from consumption life style and distributes 588 questionnaires to university students of Korea and China.<BR> The analysis results are as follows:<BR> There are no differences of fashion orientation and convenience orientation about clothing habits, planned buying orientation, impulsive buying orientation and new product buying orientation about shopping patterns between Korea and China. But there are differences of personality orientation about clothing habits, healthy food orientation and convenience food orientation about eating habits, famous brand buying orientation, internet buying orientation and environment protection product buying orientation about shopping patterns between Korea and China.<BR> The results offer suggestions to international marketers that different marketing strategy is very necessary according to different consumption cultures.