During the cultivation of wheat sprouts, antioxidant activity was measured during each cultivation period. Wheat sprouts from the cultivation period showing the highest antioxidant activity were added at different concentrations to make wheat sprout sulgidduk. Their physicochemical properties then were measured. As a result, when wheat sprouts were cultivated to about 14 cm, contents of ascorbic acid and polyphenol compounds were the highest. Their ABTS radical scavenging activities also showed high values. Thus, wheat sprouts grown about 14 cm were added at a concentration of 0 to 7% to prepare wheat sprout sulgidduk. The lightness (L) of the control was the highest. Redness (a) and yellowness (b) of wheat sprout sulgidduk increased as the amount of wheat sprout added increased. Contents of ascorbic acid and polyphenol compounds and ABTS radical scavenging activities of wheat sprout sulgidduk added with the highest wheat sprout content were significantly higher than those of others. Regarding the texture, the addition of wheat sprout resulted in slightly higher hardness, gumminess, and chewiness than the control. However, springiness and cohesiveness were not significantly different between treatment groups.

본 연구는 설기떡에 보리수를 이용하여 보리수의 첨가량에 따른 설기떡에 미치는 품질 특성을 알아보고 건강 기능성 떡으로의 이용 가능성을 연구하였다. 1. 보리수의 수분함량은 81.64%이었고, 조단백질은 1.75%, 조지방은 0.81%이었으며 조회분은 0.56% 이었다. 보리수는 다른 과실에 비하여 폴리페놀 함량이 높고 항산화성을 가진 식품소재로서의 가치가 있 는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 보리수를 첨가하여 설기떡을 제조하였을 때 보리수 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 a, b값, 당도, 경도, 탄 력성, 씹힘성, 검성은 높아졌고, 수분함량, L값, pH, 부착성과 응집성은 낮아졌다. 특성차이검사 결과 보 리수 첨가량에 따라 모든 검사 항목이 강하다고 평가되었으며 기호도 검사 결과 보리수 첨가 설기떡의 제조 시 보리수는 4%를 첨가하는 것이 가장 선호되었다. 3. 보리수 설기떡의 저장에 따른 특성은 저장 기간이 지남에 따라 a, b값, 경도, 탄력성, 씹힘성과 검 성은 증가하였으며, 수분함량, L값, 부착성, 응집성은 감소하였다. 저장기간이 길어질수록 총균수는 증가 하였으나 보리수 첨가량이 증가할수록 총균수는 낮아 보리수를 첨가하였을 때 떡의 저장성을 높일 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 실험결과 설기떡을 제조할 때 보리수의 첨가량은 4%가 적합한 것으로 사료되며 적절한 보리 수 가루의 첨가는 설기떡의 기호도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 관능적 및 기계적인 품질 특성의 향상이 가능한 것이 확인되었다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate of black carrot on the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of Sulgidduk. Sulgidduk was prepared with different amounts (0, 1, 2, 3, 4%) of black carrot. As the amount of added black carrot increased, the moisture content (p<0.05) and pH were decreased (p<0.001). Sugar content results showed the increase with the addition of black carrot (p<0.01). L (lightness) values and b (yellowness) values decreased whereas a (redness) values increased with an increased concentration of black carrot powder (p<0.001). The mechanical texture of Sulgidduk was decreased by the addition of black carrot considering hardness, chewiness and gumminess (p<0.001) while those of springiness, cohesiveness increased. Consumer acceptability test revealed that the 2% black carrot groups had a higher score than the other groups in respect to color, flavor, taste, texture, overall palatability. To examine antioxidant activities of Sulgidduk, total phenolic, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and total anthocyanin were tested. Total phenolic, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and total anthocyanin showed good vitality as amounts of black carrot powder increased (p<0.001). Based on the various aspects of results, 2% of black carrot added into Sulgidduk showed the best functionality and sensory qualities.

In this study, sulgidduk was prepared by addition of varying amount of black doraji extract and the physicochemical quality characteristics and antioxidant activities were investigated in order to explore the commercialization potential of sulgidduk supplemented with black doraji extract. The moisture content of sulgidduck supplemented with black doraji extract exhibited a significant decrease compared to the control. The pH of sulgidduck tended to decrease with increasing concentration of black doraji extract, and the reducing sugar content increased significantly from 0.33% to 3.51%. With an increase in the content of black doraji extract, a decrease in lightness (L*) and increase in redness (a*) was observed. A significant increase in the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity) was observed with the addition of the black doraji extract. Consequently, it is proposed that black doraji extract can be used for recipe development and commercialization of various rice cakes.

This study examined the characteristics of Sulgidduk with different amounts of apios powder (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40%). The moisture content of Sulgidduk significantly increased with the addition of apios powder. Also, the pH values of Sulgidduk significantly decreased with the addition of apios powder. The addition of apios powder in the Sulgidduk decreased the lightness (L) in Hunter’s color value, but increased the redness (a) and yellowness (b). By increasing the quantity of apios powder, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of Sulgidduk decreased and its springiness increased. The addition of apios powder in the Sulgidduk increased the total polyphenol content and DPPH-radical-scavenging activity. In the sensory evaluation, the addition of 20, 30% apios powder had the best score in taste and overall preference. This study suggests that apios powder is an excellent ingredient for improving the sensory preference and functionality of Sulgidduk. The study also shows that it was the addition of 30% apios powder can be used to make functional Sulgidduk.

This study investigated the antioxidative properties of Yangha Buds (Zingiber Mioga R) and quality characteristics of Korean steamed-rice cake, Sulgidduk, prepared with Yangha Buds juice. Antioxidative activities were measured based on DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activities, total phenol content, and total flavonoid content in Yangha Buds (water extract and juice). Sulgidduk was prepared by adding Yangha buds at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of juice. To analyze quality characteristics, proximate composition, color, texture profiles, and sensory evaluations were measured. As content of Yangha buds juice increased, L-value significantly decreased while a-value and b-value increased (p<0.05). For texture profiles, control group scored higher score for hardness as compared to groups added with Yangha buds juice. Springiness, chewiness, and adhesiveness were not significantly different among the groups. In the sensory evaluation, samples containing 3% Yangha buds juice showed better results for attitude. Based on these results, we suggest that Yangha buds are a good ingredient for increasing consumer acceptability and functionality of Sulgidduk.

The objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of Baeksulgi (BS) and Sulgidduk added with Makgeolli (MS, BS+ Makgeolli) during storage at 20±2 for 3 days. Moisture contents of MS were significantly higher than those of BS during storage. Reducing sugar contents (%) were higher in MS. The pH values were 6.23 and 5.93, for BS and MS, respectively. The pH of MS was lower and thus indicated higher in acidity. The Hunter color L (lightness) and a (redness) values were higher for BS, whereas b (yellowness) value of MS was lower. In the texture analysis, hardness and chewiness of MS were found to be lower, whereas springiness, gumminess, and resilience were higher than those of MS. According to DSC (Differential scanning calorimeter) analysis, enthalpy of MS appeared to be lower than that of BS during storage, which suggests retrogradation of MS was delayed. The total phenol content was higher in MS. The IC50 value of DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was lower in MS, which means antioxidant activity increased in MS. Results of the preference test showed that appearance, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability of MS scored higher than those of BS. From these results, high quality of MS was derived from Makgeolli addition.

The results of testing general components, physical property and physical function after having made steamed rice cake by adding eggplant, which caters to consumers’ tastes are as follows. It showed that when eggplant powder content increased, the moisture content of steamed rice cake with eggplant was decreased. It also showed that the lightness value (L) of steamed rice cake with eggplant powder was the highest as 82.75 in the control group. When eggplant powder content increased, the redness (a) and yellowness (b) were increased. From the results of having measured the antioxidant potential over the steamed rice cake with freezing-drying eggplant powder by DPPH radical elimination, we figured out that it was the lowest as 48.30% in the control group. As more eggplant powder was added, its elimination increased accordingly. As per hardness of steamed rice cake with eggplant, the added group with 7% was revealed as the highest at 0.757. It showed that adhesiveness was the lowest as 30.233 in the control group, and springiness and cohesiveness were on the rise as freezing-drying eggplant powder was increased. Furthermore, softness and chewiness were shown to be high in the added group with eggplant powder of 3, 5%. The evaluation over the overall preference was the highest in 5% added group. Judging from this, adding 3~5% eggplant powder against non-glutinous rice powder is considered an optimal quantity in making steamed rice cake with eggplant.

본 연구에서는 약리작용과 기능성이 함유된 국내산 산수유를 설기떡에 활용하여 건강식품으로 보급 발전시키기 위하여 산수유를 설기떡 재료의 최적 배합 비율을 얻고자 하였다. 멥쌀가루에 0, 5, 10, 15, 20%의 동결건조한 산수유 분말을 첨가하여 설기떡을 제조하고 20oC에서 저장하여 시료로 사용하였으며, 수분함량, 색도, 당도, pH, 기계적 품질특성, 관능적 품질특성을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 산수유 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록, 수분 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였고 색도에서 L값은 감소하였으며, a값과 b값은 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 당도는 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였지만 pH 측정값은 낮아졌다. 경도(hardness), 부착성(adhesiveness)은 대조군이 가장 높았고, 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 응집성(cohesiveness)과 탄력성(springiness)은 산수유 분말 15% 첨가군이 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 씹힘성(chewiness)은 대조군과 산수유 첨가량의 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았지만 산수유 15%일 때 가장 높은 값으로 측정되었다. 관능평가의 전체적인 기호도(overall-acceptability)는 산수유 첨가군 15% > 10% > 20% > 5% > 0% 순으로 나타났다. 따라서, 동결건조한 산수유 분말 첨가량이 15% 수준에서 설기떡에 첨가하여 제조하는 것이 적정한 수준으로 여겨진다.

Sulgidduk is a kind of basic steamed rice cake in Korea. Multifunctional portable grinder was used for making sulgidduk and investigated the characteristic changes of rice powder for deciding the proper particle size of rice powder. Operation times for grinding the water absorbed swelled rice were 10, 20, 30 and 40 seconds. Moisture contents of rice powder and sulgidduk showed an increasing tendency with an increase of operation times for grinding. Springiness showed significant differences according to the operation times. Cohesiveness was decreased severely after 40 seconds grinding. Chewiness showed high after 20 seconds grinding in all groups; however, decreased after 40 seconds grinding and showed similar chewiness of the control group. Fracturability also showed severe increased tendency after 20 seconds grinding and decreased after 30 seconds grinding. Strength and hardness showed significant differences; they were increased until 30 seconds and severely decreased after 40 seconds grinding. L values showed significant differences in all the groups (p≤0.05). The a and b values did not show any differences in all groups. Overall sensory evaluations, such as colors, flavors and texture, were increased with operation times for grinding and showed significant differences among the groups (p<0.05). As a result of this study, 40 seconds grinding times were the best condition for making sulgidduk, using by multifunctional grinder.

사과박의 식이섬유를 추출하여 설기떡에 첨가 시 첨가량에 따른 저장 중 품질특성변화를 분석하였다. 설기떡의 색도는 식이섬유첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 L*값은 87.9로부터 65.9로 감소하였으며 a*와 b* 값은 각각 -1.9에서 5.9 및 5.0에서 20.5로 증가하였다. 주사전자현미경(SEM)으로 설기떡의 표면구조를 관찰한 결과 식이섬유를 첨가한 설기떡에는 쌀가루사이에 끼어든 식이섬유가 쌀가루간의 연결을 저해하여 대조구보다 치밀한 구조이지 않았으며 사이사이 공간이 형성되어 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 대조구, 10% 및 15%의 식이섬유를 첨가시킨 설기떡의 엔탈피 변화는 3일 후 4oC 저장에서 각각 4.83, 3.80 및 3.18 J/g로 나타났으며 25oC 저장에서는 각각 1.14, 0.60 및 0.60 J/g이었으며 식이섬유첨가는 설기떡의 노화를 지연시키는 작용을 하였다. 대조구와 식이섬유첨가 설기떡 간의 경도를 비교하여 볼 때 실온저장보다는 냉장저장 시 경도증가(노화)억제효과가 컸으며 4oC에서 저장 3 일 후 15%첨가 설기떡의 경도는 대조구의 약 42%수준이었다. 기준 검사물과의 차이검사법에 의한 전체적인 기호도 평가에서 15% 식이섬유를 첨가시킨 설기떡이 제조 직후와 4oC 저장에서 3 일 후 모두 가장 높은 값을 보였으며 대조구와 5% 내에서 유의성 차이를 보였다.

This study investigated the quality characteristics of Sulgidduk with different levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16%) of added yam powder by measuring water content, color value, texture, and sensory quality. The water content of Sulgidduk decreased significantly (p<0.05) by increasing the amount of yam powder. The Hunter's L value of Sulgidduk decreased, and the a and b values increased significantly. Mechanical texture parameters, such as hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, adhesiveness, and chewiness decreased significantly (p<0.05) as the amount of added yam powder increased. The springiness of the 0, 4, 8 and 12% yam Sulgidduk was not different significantly, but springiness decreased significantly in the 16% yam Sulgidduk. Hardness increased significantly during storage, whereas cohesiveness, gumminess, and adhesiveness decreased. Springiness of the control sample increased significantly, but the Sulgidduk with added yam powder had the highest springiness levels during the first and second days. Chewiness was highest during the first day in all Sulgidduk preparations. The 12% yam Sulgidduk was the best in color, flavor, taste, moistness, chewiness, and overall acceptability from the sensory evaluation. These results indicate that Sulgidduk with 12% added yam powder had the best quality in sensory and texture analyses.

This study evaluated the quality and sensory characteristics of sulgidduk added with yam powder (5~20%) during 4 days storage. The moisture content of samples initially decreased as the yam powder content increased, but subsequently increased during storage. The pH values also increased during storage, although there was no significant difference. L values decreased and both a and b values increased as yam powder content increased. The decreased L values during storage were not significantly different from control group. The hardness of samples decreased with increasing yam powder content, while hardness of control group markedly increased during storage. Cohesiveness increased as yam powder content increased, and tended to decrease during the storage. Springiness also initially increased as yam powder content increased. No change was apparent during storage in control group or samples added with up to 10% yam powder, while springiness was decreased insignificantly in samples with over 10% yam powder. Lightness, yam odor and savory taste of sulgidduk tended to increase as yam powder content increased, while chewiness decreased. The savory odor was the highest in sulgidduk added with 10% yam powder. Sulgidduk added with 10% yam powder was the most preferred in appearance, taste, texture and overall preference.

식이섬유가 풍부한 WWF를 우리 전통 음식인 설기떡에 첨가하여 수분함량, 색, 기계적 조직감 특성, 노화도, 관능적 특성 등 품질 특성을 규명하였으며, 품질과 영양적 가치를 고려한 적절한 첨가 수준을 찾고자 하였다. 시료들 간 유의적인 수분 함량의 차이는 없었으며, 색도 중 L(명도)값은 WWF의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 값을 나타내었다. TPA 검사에서 hardness는 제조 직후 시료들 간 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 저장 후에는 WWF의 함량이 많아질수록 그 값이 유의적으로 감소하여, WWF의 첨가가 설기떡의 노화 지연에 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 저장 기간 중 WWF 첨가량이 증가할수록 springiness와 chewiness가 대조군에 비해 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 그 밖의 조직감 특성은 시료 간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. Avrami 방정식의 시간상수(1/k)값은 WWF 함량이 증가할수록 증가하여 WWF의 노화지연 효과를 확인하였다. 관능적 품질특성은 맛과 향, 조직감에서 5% 대체군이 전반적으로 높게 평가되었으며 전반적인 기호도까지 고려하면 5% WWF 대체가 맛과 향 및 조직감에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.