간행물
한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집
- 발행기관 한국응용곤충학회
- 자료유형 학술대회
- 간기 반년간
- 수록기간 2000 ~ 2024
- 주제분류 농수해양 > 농학 농수해양 분류의 다른 간행물
- 십진분류KDC 495DDC 595
권호리스트/논문검색
2009년도 한국응용곤충학회 춘계학술발표회 (2009년 5월) 209건
61.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
곤충산업의 저변확대 및 신 소득원 창출을 위해 새로운 곤충종의 개발 보 급이 요구되고 있는데, 이를 위해서는 대상 곤충종의 수시 공급 체계 확립 기 술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 하늘소과 벚나무사향하늘소(Aromia bungii)의 연중 사육법을 확립하기 위하여 우선 실내 생리생태를 조사하였다. 유충이 충분히 성장 발육할 수 있는 사료를 개발하기 위해 하늘소류 기본 사료 조성분의 조정 및 새로운 재료로 벚나무잎 분말을 첨가한 양질의 사료 를 제조하였다. 벚나무사향하늘소의 우화율을 높이기 위해 용화매트로서 벚나 무 등의 분말을 이용하였다. 벚나무사향하늘소 성충의 먹이를 개발하기 위하 여 과일류를 공시한 결과 황도에도 일부의 개체가 가기는 하였으나 모든 개 체가 수박을 가장 선호하였다. 그러나 연중 수박을 공급하기는 어렵기 때문에 대체품으로서 수박스무디가 시판되고 있기 때문에 이 수박스무디를 10배로 희석해서 공시한 결과 유인되어 잘 먹었기 때문에 이를 성충먹이로 확정하였 다. 유충태 휴면을 타파하기 위해 처온처리법을 실시한 결과로 벚나무사향하 늘소의 경우 5℃와 같은 저온에서는 거의 휴면타파가 이루어지지 않고 10℃ 에서 60일 처리구가 가장 성적이 양호하였으나, 온도별에 대한 휴면타파시험 은 금후 보다 자세히 검토할 예정이다.
62.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, over-winters as the last instar larva in Suwon and undergoes diapause during the over-wintering, and it has been postulated that most of the over-wintering larvae be originated from the larvae of 2nd and 3rd generation (Jung et al., 2008). The over-wintered larvae pupate next year and 50% of emerged adults occur by the early June. In order to know whether the emergence has synchronism among over-wintering larvae regardless of the time entering into diapause or not, neonate larvae were reared on artificial diet at two-week intervals from May 28 to Sep. 28, 2008 in an outside condition and their emergence dates were recorded. The over-wintering larvae occurred from the colony treated at Jul. 20, 2007, and totally emerged from May 11 to Jul. 6, 2008. The 50% date of cumulative emergence was June 3, 2008. The maximum success of over-wintering occurred in the colony treated at Aug. 17, whereas any non-over-wintering larvae were not observed from the following colonies. Although the durations of emergence overlapped partially among the colonies treated at different times in the previous year to show a synchronism at some extent, the first and last colonies treated in the previous year showed a pattern of fast emergence. This result suggested that the duration necessary for diapause termination be different according to the time entering into diapause.
63.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Predation, development, and ovipostion experiments were conducted to evaluate Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a potential biological control agent for tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Massee) (Acari: Eriophyidae) which is a periodic pest of greenhouse tomatoes. Results show that A. swirskii attacked all developmental stages of A. lycopersici, and had a type II functional response on the prey densities given. The predation rates of A. swirskii on A. lycopersici in the presense of alternative food sources such as pollen, thrips first instar, or whitefly eggs were recorded as 74%, 56%, and 76%, respectively of the predation rate on A. lycopersici alone. Amblyseius swirskii successfully completed their life-cycle on either A. lycopersici or cattail pollen. At 25oC, 70% RH, development time of female A. swirskii fed on A. lycopersici or on cattail pollen took 5.0 and 6.2 days, respectively. For the first 10 days after moulting to the adult stage, A. swirskii fed on A. lycopersici had higher daily oviposition rate (2.0 eggs per day) than on pollen (1.5 eggs per day). From this laboratory study, it can be concluded that A. swirskii has promising traits as a predator against A. lycopersici and that their populations can be stably maintained using alternative food such as cattail pollen. We suggest that the effectiveness of A. swirskii against A. lycopersici under field conditions deserves to be investigated.
64.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
To understand microhabitat distribution of insect pest is important for developing timely management tactics. We investigated within plant distribution of Riptortus clavatus Thunberg (Hemiptera: Alydidae) eggs and its’ parasitism by egg parasitoids such as Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in soybean fields. Sampling was carried out to determine the most preferred oviposition site (upper leaf surface, under leaf surface, pod and stem) in different varieties of soybean (Daewon, Cheongja, Taegwang, Daepung, Seomoktae, Seoritae) in Andong, 2007 and 2008. Parasitism was recorded only in 2008. In seasonal total, proportion of R. clavatus eggs deposited within soybean plant was significantly higher on under leaf surface (70-97%) followed by upper leaf surface, pod, and stem (2-29%, 0-8% and 0-2%, respectively) depending on varieties of soybean. In seasonal total, parasitism rate by O. nezarae was significantly higher on the eggs collected from under leaf surface (61%) followed by eggs collected from upper surface of the leaves (43%), pods (7%) and stem (33%). In conclusion, R. clavatus prefer upper leaf surface the most as a oviposition substrate in soybean, and highest parasitism by O. nezarae on the host eggs was also found on upper leaf surface.
65.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Gryon japonicum (Ashmead), an egg parasitoid of Riptortus clavatus (Thunberg) is an economically important pest of various crops. As a conservational biological control, non-viable refrigerated eggs of R. clavatus were released to enhance parasitism by the parasitoid in soybean field. Since fenitrothion is an insecticide broadly used against R. clavatus, we investigated the effect of fenitrothion on the parasitization of refrigerated host eggs by G. japonicum. The acute toxicity of fenitrothion was compared with seven pesticides by topical application, exposure to residue, and oral ingestion. Fenitrothion, spinosad, cyfluthrin, carbosulfan and thiamithoxam caused 100% mortality within 24 hours by topical application. Fenitrothion was also highly toxic to G. japonicum when ingested orally. In sublethal effects of fenitrothion on G. japonicum in refrigerated and fresh host eggs, adult emergence of G. japonicum decreased by 12% and 34%, respectively, compared to control when the fenitrothion was applied on 8th day after parasitization. Parasitism on refrigerated eggs after a day of fenitrothion spray was higher as compared to the fresh eggs. However, parasitism on both refrigerated and fresh eggs significantly reduced when the parasitoids were provided with the fenitrothion sprayed eggs after an hour. In conclusion, there is no negative effect of fenitrothion on the parasitization by G. japonicum.
66.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Subterranean termiteslive in the soil and wood that is in contact with soil. They have to discover food by constructing underground tunnel networks. Once the food is discovered and connected to the galleries, one important aspect of the foraging behavior is the food transfer by individual termites moving within the existing tunnels that lead to multiple existing food sources. In order to reveal how much the tunnel network is reliable to the food transfer efficiency, we used a lattice model suggested by Lee et al. (2006), which is capable of simulating the tunnel networks of Coptotermes formosanus and Riparius flavipes. After constructing the simulated tunnel networks, we randomly distributed food particles on the tunnel networks and then computed path entropy for the networksby selecting and evaluating the shortest paths from encountered food particles to the nest. The path entropy measured the degree of reliability of the networks for the food transfer entropy. Simulation results showed that path entropy between the simulated networks of C. formosanus and R. flavipes was significantly different due to the combinational effects of the network components such as the number of primary tunnels and the branching probability. We discussed the meaning of the results in relation to termite foraging efficiency.
67.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Nematicidal activity of aliphatic compounds was tested against pien wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. There was a significant difference in nematicidal activity among function groups. In a test with alkanols and 2-alkenols, compounds with C8-C11 chain length showed 100% nematicidal activity at 0.5 mg/mL concentration. C6-C10 2-alkenals exhibited >95% nematicidal activity, but the other compounds with C11-C14 chain length showed weak activity. Nematicidal activity of alkanoic acids with C7-C11 chain length was strong. Whole compounds belonging to hydrocarbons, alkanals and alkanoic acetate showed weak nematicidal activity at 0.5 mg/mL concentration. Nematicidal activity of compounds which showed strong nematicidal activity at 0.5 mg/mL concentration was tested at a lower concentration. At 0.25 mg/mL concentration, whole compounds except C8 alkanol, C8 2-alkenol and C7 alkanoic acid showed >80% nematicidal activity. C9-C11 alkanols, C10-C11 2-alkenols, C8-C9 2-alkenals and C9-C10 alkanoic acids showed >80% nematicidal activity at 0.125 mg/mL concentration. Only C11 alkanol exhibited strong nematicidal activity at 0.0625 mg/mL concentration
68.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
This study was conducted to determine whether trichome density affects the oviposition behavior of adult female Tetranychus urticae Koch on host plant leaves. Experiments were conducted with twenty replications on the leaf discs of each plant (Pear, 'Niitaka'; Apple, 'Fuji'; Strawberry, 'Meahyang'; 3cm diameter) at 25℃, 60-70% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h. One female T. urticae was placed on each disc. The number and locations of laid eggs were recorded at 24 h intervals until T. urticae died. The trichomes were distributed along the midrib of abaxial surface of pear leaves but were evenly distributed on that of apple and strawberry leaves. Eggs were mostly laid along the midrib of pear leaf disc, but eggs were laid not only along the midrib but also randomly over the leaf disc of apple and strawberry. Therefore, it appeared that T. urticae preferred to lay eggs on the specific location where trichomes were densely distributed. Further study is needed to quantify how different distribution patterns of T. urticae eggs on different plant leaves affect the efficacy of predatory mites to control T. urticae.
69.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Up to now, 39 species of the family Anthribidae have been recorded from Korea. As a result of this study, we add two genus and four species of the family Anthribidae to the Korean fauna with brief descriptions and illustrations of diagnostic characters. The newly recorded genus Citacalus in the subfamily Choraginae, is very similar to the genus Choragus. Citacalus pygidialis Johraku has an unique character, pygidium strongly convex longitudinally sharply carinate on the apical half in male; in female, pygidium triangularly projecting laterally near the apex. The newly recorded species Euparius modicus yaeyamanus Morimoto in the genus Euparius of the subfamily Anthribinae, can be distinguished from the other two recorded species by the elytra with almost unicolor pubescence color except a pair of black spots behind middle. The newly recorded genus Unciferina is close to Uncifer Jordan, but easily distinguished from the latter by sharply angulate rostrum to head, transversely carinate base of rostrum on the underside, and the acute hind angles of pronotum. The two new species in the genus Unciferina are easily distinguished from the congeneric species with pubescence patches on pronotum and elytra, shape of eye, the ratio of the antennal segments and the shape of the hind angles of pronotum.
70.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Yang-Seop Bae, Le Xuan Vi, Kyu-Tek Park, Nguyen Nhu Cuong, Pham Van Nha, Pham Thi Vuong, Jong-Gyun Park
In Vietnam, the moths were reported by some foreign entomologist such as de Joannis (1900), Ronkay (1989), Speidel & Kononenko (1998), Park et al. (2006), and Lien et al. (2008). In 1928 -1929 de Joannis created the original data of moths. His final reports on Lepidoptera were 45 families, 611 species of Noctuidae, and 461 species of Pyralidae. After the Vietnam War in North (1954), many times were collected in North Vietnam by National Institute of Plant Protection (NIPP). But all of them focused on fauna of the agricultural pests. According to the publication of NIPP (1967-1968), 533 species of 37 families of which there were 91 species of Noctuidae in the North Vietnam and some other moths known as the insect pests have been reported. In 1977 there were 77 species of Pyralidae known as the insect pests in the North Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to assess diversity of Lepidoptera order and to clarify the fauna in the Northern part of Vietnam, base on the Korea Vietnam collaborative insect-research project (2004-2006). The collecting have been conducted in four National Parks (Tam Dao, Cuc Phuong, Ba Be, and Bach Ma) Given results of the survey in the North of Vietnam from 2002 to 2006, 816 species of Lepidoptera classified by 4 families; Noctuidae (564 species), Pyraloidae (201 species), Sphingidae (28 species), and Lecithoceridae (23 species). Many of the identified species of macro-moths including Noctuidae, Pyraloidae and Lecithoceridae are known as the very newest one in Vietnam.
71.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
The genus pammene Hübner, [1825] is one of the genera related to Grapholita Treitschke, 1829, belonging to the tribe Grapholitini of the subfamily Olethreutinae (Bae & Park, 1998). The genus is mostly distributed in the Holarctic region, with about 100 species in the world. Danilevsky & Kuznetzov (1968) divided the genus into the two subgenera, Pammene and Eucelis. Komai (1999) discussed the phylogenetic position within the tribe. Since Park (1983) reported one species of the genus for the first time from Korea, they are mainly studied by Byun & Park (1993), Byun et al. (1998) and Bae & Park (1998). Up to date nine species have been reported from the Korea by Bae and park (1998). In this study, Pammene gallicolana Lienig & Zeller, 1846 is report for the first time from Korea. This species resembles with Pammene ignorata superficially, but P. gallicolana is easily distinguished from the latter by following characters: dorsal patch much larger, basal cavity much bigger, and apophysis posterior longer than P. ignorata, respectively. Morphological characters of this species are redescribed with illustrations of genitalia.
72.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Menochilus sexmaculata는 무당벌레아과에 속하며 몸길이가 3.3-6.2mm의 중대형 무 당벌레로서 오스트레일리아구, 에티오피아구, 동양구와 일본(류큐, 혼슈, 시코쿠, 큐 슈, 쓰시마)에 이르는 지역에 분포하는 종이었다. 대부분의 분포지역에서 이 종은 무 당벌레과 내의 우점종으로 진딧물 천적으로 유용하게 이용되어 왔다. 형태적으로 이 종의 개체들은 체색과 무늬 변이가 매우 심하며, 그로 인해 Micraspis discolor나 Chilocorus nigrita와 같은 종으로 오동정된 사례가 매우 많다. 국내에서도 1985과 1986년 무당벌레 목록에 이 종이 수록되었던 적이 있으나, 표본 확인 결과로 Harmonia yedoensis 변이체로 확인된 바 있다. Menochilus sexmaculata의 국내 존재는 2001년 부산 고신대의 소장표본에서 2개체가 확인되면서이다. 2007년 고신대의 소장 표본을 2차로 조사하여 총 31개체의 표본을 확인하였다. 체색 변이는 온대형으로, 구조형질로서 수컷생식기는 일본 및 대만산 대 조표본과 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 채집량은 2000년과 2003년을 제외하고는 매년 채집이 되었으며, 부산 북구와 부산 동쪽해안을 제외한 대부분의 부산광역시(1군 10 개구)를 아우르는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 임의채집을 계속해온 고신대 무당벌레과의 종류별 표본 수로 비교해 볼 때, 이 종은 5위에 해당하는 것으로 비교적 흔한 종에 속하는 것으로 판단되었다. Menochilus sexmaculata의 발견과 분포 양상으로 볼 때, 최근에 부산일대에 정착하 여 확산되는 종으로 의심된다. 따라서 향후 이 개체군의 생태를 밝히고, 확산 양상을 모니터링할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 타이완, 일본 본토와 오키나와 등 의 인접 지역의 집단과 분자수준의 비교분석을 통하여 이입 경로의 검토 역시 수행 되어야 할 것이다.
73.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
The genus Alucita Linnaeus, 1758 belongs to the family Alucitidae, which is well known as the many- or multi-plumed moths. Up to date, 186 species have been recorded from the world (Gielis 2003). In East Asia, the genus Alucita L. has been investigated by various researchers to date: 5 species from Japan (Hashimoto 1984); 3 species from Russian Far East (Ustjuzhanin 1999). Recently Byun (2006) reviewed the Korean Alucitidae with a new species and two new records from Korea. However, it has been poorly known from China, including only one species, Alucita niveodactyla Pagenstechen from Guangdong, southern part of China (Hua 2005). In the present study, we found a new species of the genus Alucita L. from the Northern part of China. The purpose of this study is to describe the new species, Alucita baihuashanensis sp. nov.
74.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Adoxophyes속은 주로 과수류의 잎을 말고 가해하는 전형적인 습성으로 인해 과수의 중요해충으로 알려져 왔다. 그러나 최근에는 과실을 식입해 들어가는 등 가해양상이 다양해져 가고 있을 뿐만 아니라 지역이나 기주식물에 따라 가해종이 다른 것으로 의심되고 있다. 본 속은 현재까지 우리나라에서 Adoxophyes orana 1종만이 기록되어 왔으나 차 재배단지에서 기존에 알려지지 않았던 종 이 발견되고 있으며 최근 분자생물학적 분석을 통한 연구(Park et al., 2008)에 서는 국내분포종에 대한 추가종 가능성 등이 제기된 바 있다. 그러나 이들의 종별 외부형태가 매우 유사하고 해부학적 특징으로도 구분이 어려워 분류동 정에 어려움을 겪고 있는 것이 사실이다. 본 연구에서는 한국산 Adoxophyes속 의 종합적인 분류학적 연구를 시도하여 분포종 전반에 걸친 분류동정 지침서 를 작성코자 수행되었다. 본 연구를 위해 국립수목원 및 농업과학기술원 등 주요 곤충표본 소장기관에 보관되어 있는 표본을 검경하였으며, 특히 국립원 예특작과학원 주도로 주요 과수원에서 종별 페로몬트랩을 이용하여 채집조사 한 표본을 중점적으로 검경하였다. 금번 연구를 통해 정리된 한국산 Adoxophyes속은 미기록종인 A. honmai 및 신종 1종을 포함하여 다음과 같이 3종으로 정리된다. Adoxophyes orana (Fischer von Roslerstamm) 애모무늬잎말이나방 Adoxophyes paraorana sp. nov. 사과애모무늬잎말이나방 Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda 차애모무늬잎말이나방
75.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
The genus Tetramoera Diakonoff (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) is small group, including 6 species worldwide (Brown, 2005). Among them, 4 species, T. flavescens Kuznetsov, T. isogramma Meyrick, T. paragramma Meyrick, and T. schistaceana Snellen, have been described from the Oriental region in the early 20th century. And the other two species, T. gracilistira Turner, and T. leptalea Diakonoff were reported from Australia and South Africa respectively. During the course of the study on North Korean Tortiricidae based on the material deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary, one species of the genus Tetramoera Diakonoff was found. In the present study, the genus Tetramoera Diakonoff, is reported for the first time from the Korean Peninsula. Also a new species, Tetramoera bongwaensis sp. nov., is described as new to science. Photographs of the adults and male genitalia are presented.
76.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
The genus Philostephanus Distant 1909 belongs to the family Miridae, including 23 species from the eastern Palearctic and the Oriental regions. They are characterized with a relatively large body, brown or fuscous coloration, rather symmetrical parameres of male genitalia, and unique structures of female genitalia. Especially, the respective structures of female genitalia exhibit distinct interspecific variation, which is uncommon in other genera of Miridae, so they are used as key characters in identification and phylogenetic study. Most of members are known to inhabit deciduous trees, and their feeding habits are considered predominantly predaceous although some species are known to use some deciduous trees as their breeding hosts (Yasunaga & Schwartz, 2007). Presently, two species are reported in the Korean fauna (Kwon et al., 2001). During our study, we found one newly recorded Philostephanus species from Korea, P. ulmi (Kerzhner 1979), which is distinguished from other Korean congeners by speckled hemelytra with pale portions. In this study, we provide taxonomic information on P. ulmi and review briefly the Korean Philostephanus species with morphological keys and photos of specimens.
77.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
In the Old World, there are many bamboo-inhabiting phlaeothripine thrips mainly from the tropics and subtropics. Bamboosiella Ananthakrishnan and Podothrips Hood belonging to the subfamily Phlaeothripinae are well known genera in the East Asia. It is interesting that some of them are carnivorous and have the bodies bicolorous, usually the head, thorax and some of distal abdominal segments brown and the remaining abdominal segments yellow. In Korean peninsular, only two species, B. longiosanum Shin & Woo 1999 and P. sasa Okajima 1995, have been recorded from bamboo habitat. During the study of thysanopteran fauna, a newly recorded bamboo-inhabiting thrips P. odonaspicola (Kurosawa, 1937) is found from southern parts of Korea. The species have body bicolored brown and yellow, especially showing anteromedian brown marking on each of yellow abdominal segments II to V. It is known to occur under bamboo leaf sheaths and be a predator of Odonaspis secreatus Cockerell (Coccidae) in the temperate region (Okajima, 2006). In this study, taxonomic information on P. odonaspicola are presented with photos of specimens and the Korean bamboo-inhabiting thrips are briefly reviewed.
78.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
Fourteen species of the genus Aulacorthum Mordvilko 1914 (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) are recognized from the Korean Peninsula. One new species, Aulacorthum artemisiphaga sp. nov. on Artemisia princeps and Artemisia stolonifera (Asteraceae) was compared with the seven congeneric species based on their morphological and molecular characteristics. Morphometric analysis using 29 morphological characters shows that A.artemisiphaga sp. nov. can be distinguished from the seven congeneric species. In comparisons of COI and CytB genes, A. artemisiphaga sp. nov. had inter-specific genetic distances (average 7.5% for COI and average 7.4% for CytB) similar to those of other congeneric species. Host plants of the Korean Aulacorthum are reviewed.
79.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
The bumblebees, Bombus species are valuable natural resources being utilized for greenhouse pollination. Low level of genetic variation of Bombus species has been reported previously. In this study, we sequenced complete internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the nuclear rDNA from 100 individuals of B. ardens collected from seven localities in Korean peninsula. The ITS2 sequence of B. ardens is longest, ranging in size from 1,940 bp-1,954 bp among known in insects, which ranges approximately from 241 bp-1,728 bp. The ITS2 sequences have ~51% of C+C content and contain each two 27 bp repeats, 20 bp repeats, 33 bp repeats, and 34 bp repeats at the beginning. Such repeats were not found in other insects. Uncorrected pairwise distance among 96 sequences that were obtained from 100 individuals revealed a maximum sequence divergence of 1.03%. Genetic diversity (π) of each population ranged from 0.007801 to 0.009627, and the lowest diversity was obtained from islet population of Ulleungdo, indicating possibly small, isolation of the population. Significant level of genetic distance was only found when Ulleungdo population was compared to two other mainland populations. Except for this, overall, a very high rate of per generation migration ratio (Nm=7.1-infinite) and a very low level of genetic fixation (FST=0-0.06546) were detected between pairs of localities. Analysis of hierarchical relationships among localities consistently revealed no statistically significant structure among populations. Taken these together, the B. ardens populations on the Korean peninsula are panmictic this is consistent with our understanding of the dispersal capability.
80.
2009.05
구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
The complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) from the white-spotted flower chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) was determined. The 20,319-bp long circular genome is the longest among the completely sequenced arthropods. This extraordinary length of the genome stemmed from 5,654-bp long A+T-rich region composed of twenty-eight 117-bp tandem repeats, seven 82-bp tandem repeats, and each two 19-bp and 38-bp tandem repeats. The P. brevitarsis contains a typical gene complement, order, and arrangement identical to most common type found in insects. The P. brevitarsis COI gene does not have typical ATN codon. Thus, we also designated it as AAC (asparagine), which is found in the start context of all sequenced Polyphaga within Coleoptera. All tRNAs showed stable canonical clover-leaf structure of other mt tRNAs, except for tRNASer (AGN), DHU arm of which could not form stable stem-loop structure. The 5bp-long motif sequence (TAGTA) that has been suggested to be the possible binding site for the transcription termination peptide for the major-strand also was found betweent RNASer (UCN) and ND1, as have been detected in all sequenced coleopteran insects.
