쌀은 인체기능을 크게 향상시키는 수많은 생리활성 물질이 다량 함유되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 쌀의 기능성 물질을 탐색하고 그 상관관계를 알아보고자 특수미 품종 36종을 이용하여 4개 종류의 단백질 함량, 철분, 아연, 피틴산과 아밀로스 함량을 조사하였으며 이들 간의 상관관계를 규명하였다. 그 결과 대체로 맵쌀과 찹쌀의 경우, albumin (2.43 mg/g과 2.32 mg/g)과 globulin 함량 (4.68 mg/g과 4.94 mg/g)이 높게 나타났고 유색미의 경우 1.37 mg/g과 2.77 mg/g의 함량으로 낮게 나타났다. 하지만 유색미의 glutelin 함량이 현저하게 높게 나타났으며 맵쌀이 가장 낮게 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 철분의 경우, 찹쌀에서 낮게 나타났고 맵쌀과 유색미에서는 품종에 따라 다르게 나타났으며 아연 함량은 유색미에서 현저하게 낮게 나타났다. 피틴산의 함량은 특수미의 특성에 따라 별다른 차이가 없었으며 9.88-13.54%의 분포를 나타내었다. 이들간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 단백질 성분 중 albumin과 prolamin의 경우 부의 상관관계 (p<0.05)를 나타내었으며 globulin 함량은 아밀로스 함량과 상관관계 (p<0.05)를 나타내었다. 또한 피틴산 함량 등 기능성 성분에 대한 8가지의 변수를 이용하여 군집분석한 결과4개의 품종군으로 구분되었다.

The present study was carried out to assess the genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium in Korea. In model-based population, Korean rice germplasm were classified into four subpopulaton designated as indica cultivated, japonica cultivated, indica weedy, and japonica weedy were identified. Pair-wise estimates of FST indicated a different degree of differentiation between the four model-based populations with values ranging from 0.073 (between japonica cultivated and japonica weedy) and 0.474 (between japonica weedy and indica weedy). The indica weedy population appeared to be highly differentiated as compared to other populations. The indica cultivated have the highest gene diversity (0.58), followed by japonica cultivated (0.50), japonica weedy (0.42) and indica weedy (0.35). The total number of specific alleles in indica weedy and japonica weedy populations was 39 alleles (23 markers) and 55 alleles (22 markers), respectively. An average of LD (r2) value of indica weedy and japonica weedy type was higher than two other populations, both in inter- and intra-chromosome, indicating the possible reproductive and geographical isolations of sub-populations in cultivated rice fields.

A population of 120 double-haploid lines derived from Samgang/Nagdong was used for analyzing the developmental behaviors of plant height and tiller number by conditional mapping via composite interval approaches at five growth stages of rice. The traits were normally distributed with transgressive segregations in both directions. A total of 4 QTLs associated with plant height were identified in 40th/initial, 50th/40th and 60th/50th periods, respectively. The qph7.1 was observed in 50th/40th and 60th/50th periods, with increasing effects from Samgang and Nagdong alleles, respectively. This indicated that an individual gene or genes at the same genomic region might have opposite genetic effects at various growth stages. Five QTLs associated with tiller number were identified in four stages except 60th/50th stage. Four of five increasing effects of QTLs were from Nagdong alleles. Six of nine QTLs for two traits were detected before 60 days. It was evident that the expression of QTLs for plant height and tiller number was more active at early stages than at maturity stage. Furthermore, QTLs identified at early stages showed opposite additive effects on plant height and tiller number. These results provided a possible genetic explanation for the negative correlation between two traits.

Lectin protein is a main antinutritional factor in mature soybean seed. The Le gene controls a lectin protein. Plant breeders can use molecular markers to select indirectly individuals in segregating populations that carry a gene for a favorable trait if a tight linkage exists between a marker locus and the genetic locus controlling that trait. The objective of this research was to identify RAPD markers linked to Le allele using bulked segregant analysis. Cultivar "Gaechuck#2" (LeLe) was crossed with PI548391(lele, absence of lectin protein) and F1 seeds were planted. The F1 plants were grown in the greenhouse to produce F2 seeds. Each F2 seed from F1 plants was analysed electrophoretically to determine the presence of the lectin protein band. F2 individual plants were grown in the greenhouse. Young leaf tissues from each F2 plant were collected. At maturity, single F2 plants were harvested. Random F3 seeds from individual F3 seeds harvested were selected and were used to confirm the presence of the lectin protein band. The dominant and recessive F2 plant leaf bulks consisted with ten F2 individual plants were made. 1,000 Operon random primers were used to screen polymorphic band between dominant and recessive bulk. The presence of lectin protein is dominant to the lack of a lectin protein and lectin protein was controlled by a single locus. A few primers that shows polymorphism in bulked samples were selected and were used to obtain segregating data in F2 individual plants.

Seed storage proteins of different solubility were extracted and denatured subunits of each protein were evaluated with malting barley quality parameters. Its been known that each subunit of seed storage protein encoded by each gene and subunit profiles were highly related to end-use quality in cereals. The purpose of this study is to provide selection criteria for high quality malting barleys with aid of bichemical-genetic information. Total 13 regional test lines and three locations (Naju, Jinju, and Jeju) were incorporated in this study. Albumin and hordein were extracted, denatured, and separated in 12% SDS-PAGE. Presence and absence of subunits of each protein were scored. Dendrogram (using XLSTAT program) was constructed to evaluated the relatedness of lines. The correlation between band profiles and quality test were assessed through Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) for statistics analysis. Hordein subunits can be classified into four groups, A, B, C, and D group. In general, hordein fractions contribute higher than albumine to determine malting quality. Specific molecular weight ranges (97.4-31.0, 66.2-31.0, and 45.0-31.0 kDa) of subunits were highly correlated with malting barley quality parameters. The subunit information would be directly incorporated in providing selection criteria for high quality malting barley in the malting barley breeding program.

To facilitate an active breeding strategy for rice quality improvement, mutation were induced by treating rice variety Sindongjin seeds with gamma ray(300 Gray) and its fertilized eggs with MNU(1mM). Endosperm and grain shape of mutants were classified and selected in M2 population. From M2 generation, 48(7.6%) endosperm mutants and 179(11.9%) grain shape mutants were selected. White belly and White core were the most frequent. Selected grain mutants were classified into 16 types according to their morphological phenotypes. The overall segregation ratio was 3 : 1, controlled by one gene. Specially, SM-17 and SM-20 displayed segregation ratio of 9 : 7 and 1 : 15 respectively. Grain mutants showed generally earlier heading dates, shorter culm length and ear length than the parent. Grain length, grain width, and 1,000 grain weight were also mostly shorter and lower than the parent. In SEM analysis, each mutant type showed unique starch particle size and starch accumulation pattern. The density of polygonal cells and small inner corpuscles depending on amylose content decreased as following order - Waxy>Dull>Parent >White core. In SDS-PAGE analysis, SM-22 of Opaque group and SM-34 of Giant embryo group showed high glutelin polypeptide concentration. SM-23 of Floury group, SM-26 of Shrunken group, and SM-31 of Sugary group showed low concentration of total protein with variations in bands over 55kDa.

세계 곡물파동, 기후 변화에 대응하는 품종육종과 재배가 사회적 문제로 대두 되고 있다. 일부는GMO품종 육종이 위기를 극복할 수 있는 유일의 길이라고 주장하고 있으나 필자들의 견해는 자연에서 병충해가 살아남아 정상적인 진화를 하는 공생 방법으로 육종을 하고 한 두 개의 특성에 대한 완전 방제보다는 종합보험에 든 것과 같이 몇 개의 중요한 자연 재해에 대한 대처가 매우 중요하다고 생각한다. 농산물 생산이 친환경 농법에 의한 오염되지 않은 먹거리 생산에 농민들과 소비자의 관심이 높아지고 있다. 친환경 작물재배를 위한 육종 방법은 양적 유전을 하는 유전자에 의해서 병충해와 공생할 때 지속 가능한 병충해 방제가 이루어진다. 이 방법은 종합 보험에 든 것과 같은 효과가 있다고 해서 유전적 종합방제 (Genetic Integrated Pest Management: GIPM)이라고 부른다. 2008년 제주도에서 관찰된 옥수수 녹병(Pucccinia sorghi rust)과 이삭썩음병 (ear rot complex)은 기후변화 뿐만 아니라 앞으로 육종을 어떠한 방향으로 해야 할 것 인가를 암시해 준다. 고로 기후 변화에 적응하는 최선의 육종 방법은 공생 원리 (co-survival tolerance principle)에 의한 품종 육종 방법이라고 자신 있게 주장 한다. 조명나방이나 잡초방제를 제외한GMO 육종 방법은 적용되기도 어렵고 비효과적이며 비경제적이다.

경북대학교 벤처회사 닥터콘은 식량 및 사료 곡물 위기를 예방하고 중국의 8억 농민을 부자 되게 하기 위한 역사적 도전을 시도하고 있다. 옥수수의 획기적 증산이 이루어지면 중단된 수출 재개도 될 수 있을 것이다. 2008년부터 중국 동부 3성을 중심으로 완전무농약 재배가 가능한 친환경 슈퍼옥수수 개발을 추진하고 있다. 슈퍼옥수수란 종합보험에 던 것과 같은 자연재배와 공생하면서 각 생태지역에 적응하는 안전다수성 옥수수 신품종을 뜻함. 세계 제2의 옥수수 생산국 중국은 2600만 ha의 재배 면적과 (미국 3000만 ha) 생산량은 미국의 65% 수준이다 (FAO 통계). 옥수수의 주용도는 가축사료, 전분과 기름 생산과 친환경 에탄올 생산이다. 중국 연구원들은 실제 옥수수 재배 면적은 미국 보다 넓을 수 있다고 하고,재배면적은 계속 늘어나고 있다. 세계적 대 규모 전분공장6개가 중국에 있다(년 50만 톤 이상 생산). 중국옥수수 재배의 주 결점은 옥수수 대를 전량 땔감으로 이용하고 있다. 앞으로 에탄올 생산기술만 개발되면1억 2천만 톤 이상 부산물이 바이오 에너지 생산에 이용되어 기후변화를 줄 일수도 있다. 평균 수량이 미국의 90% 수준일 때 년 5000만 톤 이상의 옥수수 알곡 증산이 기대된다. 20,000개의 옥수수 종자 회사가 잡종종자를 생산 시판한다. 동북 3성(중국 옥수수의 60% 생산)에서의 금년 작황은 비가 많이 온 상태에서도 비교적 좋은 편이나 조명나방,깜부기병,진딧물의 발생이 심하고 전체 재배 면적 500만 ha 정도 심겨진 정단 958 품종의 유전적 취약성이 발견되었다. 닥터콘은 동북3성을 시작으로 육종하여 점차 대륙 전체로 확대해 나가고자 한다. 동계기간 중국에서 가장 따뜻한 해남도를 이용해서 연중육종을 수행한다.

Super-sweet corn controlled by shrunken2 (sh2) was first introduced into Korea three decade ago, but its cultivation and uses have not been popularized. Main reasons of the un-popularity are considered as lack of locally bred adapted cultivars, low germination, too sweet and less chewing of the green ears. Considering traditional and favorable eating habits of glutinous waxy corn by Koreans, we initiated to develop a double mutant wx/sh corn that has 3:1 segregation in an ear from 1996. First we formed several double cross hybrids using commercial single crosses of wx and sh2 hybrid considering seed production difficulties. The results showed that a double mutant corn hybrid showed high germination, and high palatability score with tolerance to major diseases and insects in Korea. In 2008, we conducted single and double cross trials in Gokseong, South Jeolla-do. The yield of waxy-super sweet was higher than both waxy and super sweet corn with good agronomic traits of ear height, ear weight, ear length and plant height. Among waxy-super sweet corn single cross was even better than double cross in all parameters. This double mutant approach shall be an outstanding option to change of traditional food habits into a new eating pattern. This attempt has potential success of commercial wx/sh hybrid corn development.

The common corn rust caused by Puccinia sorghi Schw. is widely distributed southern regions of temperate zones and sub-tropical regions world wide. It has been reduced corn yield significantly in Texas and Hawaii. The first author has observed incidence of this disease in Korea since ten years ago both in South (Kunwi, Ilsan, Pyungchang) and North Korea (Tongcheon). P. sorghi had very high infection in Jeju Island with over 2000 mm rainfall in 2008 on commercial hybrids from USA (DK 729, Pioneer 3394, P32P75) and Korea. All showed high susceptibility. Genetic tolerance could be the most economic way to control these fungi. The occurrence of this disease in Korea may be caused by environment changes. Pro-environment tolerance breeding with quantitatively inherited genes of host crop can guarantee for the durability and sustainability of crop cultivars under continuous changes of weather and environments.

미국 옥수수의 3000만톤 가량이 기후변화를 줄이기 위한 친환경 에너지 에탄올 생산에 이용되고, 호주 밀재배가 가뭄으로 1000만톤 가량 감소하면서 세계 곡물 파동이 발생했다. 이 파동의 가장 직격탄을 맞은 당사자가 대한민국의 축산 농가다. 우리 정부는 해외 사료곡물 및 식량 기지 확보에 전력을 기울이고 있다. 경북대학교 옥수수 연구팀은 40년간 농약 없이 안전다수확 재배가 가능한 옥수수 품종을 육종해 오다 최근에는 국내적응 사이리지 옥수수 품종을 육종 국립종자원에 등록을 했다(경대사이리지 1호와 2호, 2006). 품종의 안전성을 농가 포장에서 확인하고, 사료용 옥수수 재배가 시급한 제주도에서 연구를 수행한 결과 수입종 (3품종)과 국내종 (5 품종)들에 비해서 사이리지 수량이 평균 30% 이상, 알곡 생산이 15% 정도 증수되었다. 그리고 경북대 군위 농장 논에서 시험한 결과 우수성이 재확인되었다. 제주도 시험 결과 중요한 사항은 지금까지 문제시 되지 않던 녹병 (Puccinia sorghi)이 심하게 발생한 환경에서 수입종과 국내종 모두 심한 피해를 보았다. 동시에 2000mm 정도의 금년도 강우량 하에서 미국 수입종 3 품종은 이삭 썩음병이 심하게 발생하여 30% 정도 수량 감소를 보였다. 영천 축산 농가 포장의 생체수량은 정보당 85톤이 생산 되었다 (비교 품종들 보다 15-50% 증수). 이상의 시험 결과를 보면 국내 현지 육종의 중요성이 입증되고, 사이리지용 친환경 옥수수 신품종을 육종,축산 농가에 보급,기계화 재배를 추진 할 시 상당량의 양질의 축산 사료 (무농약, 무방부제 사용)생산이 가능 할 것이다. 옥수수 대와 잎을 이용한 에탄올 생산 기술 개발은 녹색성장의 새로운 기술분야가 될 수 있을 것이다. 슈퍼옥수수의 북한 적응 우수성이 5년차 입증되고 있다.

식용으로 이용되는 찰옥수수는 안전한 먹거리를 추구하는 시장의 요구와 농가 소득 증대에 기여하는 품목으로써 수요 및 생산량이 늘고 있는 추세이다. 국내 옥수수 시장은 한 해에만 2억 개 정도의 찰옥수수 이삭을 중국으로부터 수입을 하고 있으나, 신선도 및 소비자 신뢰도의 면에서 국내에서 생산된 찰옥수수가 경쟁우위에 있다. 경북대학교에서는 1995년부터 찰옥수수 육성 프로그램을 추진하여 단교잡종인 경대찰1호와 2호, 통일찰, 경대19찰 등을 육성하였다. 찰옥수수 종자는 전량 자체 채종을 하여 군위군 소보면 찰옥수수 작목반에 공급을 하고 있다. 종자 생산 과정에서는 다른 품종의 꽃가루 혼입으로 인한 종자의 순도 저하, 환경 영향에 따른 수정률 저하 및 원종의 수정 능력 저하로 인한 채종량 감소 등이 문제점으로 나타났다. 경북대학교와 (주)닥터콘은 고품질이면서도 친환경적으로 재배가 가능한 슈퍼찰옥수수 개발을 추진 중이며, 중국과 한국의 찰옥수수 시장을 동시에 겨냥하여 2008년부터 중국 동북3성을 중심으로 육종사업을 시작하였다. 육종 목표는 진딧물과 조명나방 피해와도 공생하는 완전 무농약 재배가 가능한 친환경 양질의 안전다수성 Non-GMO 찰옥수수 품종을 육종 보급 하고자 한다.

In order to breed the useful mutants in black raspberry, cultivated in Gochanggun, leaf-petiol explants from shootproliferating culture was regenerated after irradiated with 30, 50 and 70 Gy gamma-ray and seeds were irradiated with 100, 130, 150, 170 and 200 Gy gamma-ray. The LD50 dose of leaf-petiol explants and seeds in black raspberry was identified as 30 and 150 Gy after two months and one month, respectively. The mutants such as leaves with increasing width, chlorophyll content and increasing anthocyanin were selected in regenerated explants and seeds irradiated. The increased rate of leaves width and chlorophyll were 33.3% and 23.1% compared to the control. Also, antocyanin concentration in leaf of mutnats from irradiated seeds was increased till 17.3%. For the breeding of black raspberry, valuable mutants obtained will be expected for improving photosynthesis efficiency and functional components, and will be useful for developing new cultivars.

The historical Tsunami hit Banda Aceh on 24 December, 2004 that killed 280,000 people. The incidence was the center of the world concern. In November of 2007, the governorment of Aceh Province invited the senior author as the President of ICF to initiate corn breeding program for Aceh environments. Germplasm from East Timor, Cambodia, Thailand, and IITA-Nigeria were used to develop locally adapted open-pollinated varieties (OPV). An OPV, "NAI" bred for East Timor using materials from Indonesia and Thailand was selected. The team planted seeds of nine commercial hybrids marketed in Indonesia and Thailand five times with two weeks interval. Through the half-sib improvement of NAI, new name "Jagung Aceh" was given. Jagung means corn in Aceh language. Inbreeding of the selected OPVs and commercial hybrids are intensively carried out with three cycles yearly. Both Jagung Aceh and selected elite hybrids have been used as testers for high combining ability as well as disease and insect tolerance. Major constraints of corn cultivation are Puccinia polysora rust, Exserohilum turcicum blight, downy mildew (Peronosclerospora maydis), ear rots, stem borers, and drought. Storage weevil is the major post harvest problem.

Field resistance is defined as the resistance that allows effective control of a parasite under natural field condition and is durable when exposed to new races of that parasite. To identify the genes for field resistance against rice blast, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring field resistance in japonica rice cultivars were detected and mapped using SSR markers. QTL analysis was carried out in 190 RILs population from the cross between Suweon365 (moderately resistance) and Chucheong (highly susceptible). Fourteen QTLs for nine blast races inoculated were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11 and 12. They explained from 6.4 to 39.7% of total phenotypic variation. Eight QTLs for blast nursery screening in 4 regions for three years were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 11 and 12. The phenotypic variation was explained by each QTL ranged from 5.9 to 38.0%. Three BC2F5 backcrossed progeny lines were developed to transfer the QTLs into the susceptible cultivar Chucheong as a recurrent parent. A NIL4 containing two QTLs Qbl6.2 and Qbl7 for blast races showed the reaction 6 to 7 in blast nursery in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Two lines NIL143 and NIL93 containing Qbl11.2 and Qbl12.1 for QTLs related with field resistance, respectively, were 3 to 4 reactions in blast nursery.

최근 들어 발열량이 매우 적으며 식물체의 생장 및 형태 형성에 영향을 미치는 파장역만을 갖고 있는 발광다이오드 (Light- Emitting Diode, LED)를 이용한 광 조사 시스템에 대한 관심이 고조 되고 있다. 인삼은 반음지성 식물로 고온에서는 광합성량이 급속도로 감소하며, 온도가 낮은 이른 아침에 광합성 효율이 높은 것으로 알려졌다. 본 연구는 충남대학교 비닐하우스에 이식한 인삼포에 LED의 청색, 적색, 청색과 적색 혼합광, 백열등을 설치하여 인삼의 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. LED 처리는 해뜨기 전 3시간 동안 매일 처리하였으며 인삼 특성은 9월10일에 조사하였다. 근장은 무처리구 20.7cm, 백열등 처리구 21.3cm, 청･적색 혼합광 처리구 20.2cm, 적색광 처리구 20.6cm, 청색광 처리구는 21.7cm로 청색광 처리구가 가장 높았으며, 근직경은 무처리구 6.5mm, 백열등 처리구 7.6mm, 청･적색 혼합광 처리구 7.2mm, 적색광 처리구 6.7mm, 청색광 처리구는 7.8mm로 청색광 처리구가 가장 높았다. 근중은 무처리구 2.7g, 백열등 처리구 4.0g, 청･적색 혼합광 처리구는 3.3g, 적색광 처리구는 3.1g, 청색광 처리구는 4.3g이며, 무처리구에 비해 백열등 처리구 48.1%, 청･적색 혼합광 처리구 22.2%, 적색광 처리구 14.8%, 청색광 처리구 59.3% 증가하여 청색광에서의 생육이 좋음을 알 수 있었다. chlorophyll a는 무처리구 4.1(mg/100g)에 비해 청색광 처리구가 5.6(mg/100g)으로 다른 처리구에 비해 높았으며, chlorophyll b는 무처리구 1.8(mg/100g)에 비해 청색광 처리구가 2.8(mg/100g)로 가장 높았다.

Corn (Zea mays. L) is one of the potential export crops of Myanmar. It is crucial to develop locally adapted high yielding hybrids to dramatically increase production. International Corn Foundation/Kyungpook National University (ICF/KNU) and Department of Agricultural Research (DAR) have developed a collaborative research to develop super hybrids. Under this program, 11 preliminary test cross trials including 538 crosses were tested in AungBan and NyaungMon (mid altitude) and Tatkone (lowland) Myanmar, and ICF Agric Center in Cambodia, 2008 rainy season. Test cross seeds were produced in Cambodia and Myanmar during 2007 winter season. Germplasms from Nepal, Myanmar, IITA, and CIMMYT were used. Simple estimates of commercial value score (1= best, 9= poorest) with yield potential, good agronomic traits and disease tolerance were rated. The analysis of variance for each trial showed highly significant among test crosses and better performance than local check hybrids. VN3 x SSA showed the highly tolerance to Northern Corn Leaf Blight in sticky corn trial. The outstanding performance was recognized in Nepal materials crossed with IITA materials. It is point out that overseas aids collaborative breeding and training of young staff are effective parts of Myanmar hybrid corn R&D program.

Downy mildew (DM) caused by the Peronosclerospora maydis is considered the most damaging disease of maize (Zea mays L.) in South Asia. In East-Timor, it has been widely spread and considered as the major stress of maize production. It was observed at Loes Research Station and farmers’ field since 2004. All materials exhibited high susceptibility to DM infection at the CIMMYT trial. Only Suwan5 (Thailand), LYDMR (CIMMYT) and Arjuna (Indonesia) showed tolerance. Different trials with 900 crosses were tested at 5 locations; Lospalos, Dili, Comoro, Aileu and Loes in 2006/2007 In 2008, high DM infection was observed at Loes. Crosses of Suwan5, NAI, Arjuna and DMR-ESR-Y (IITA)with tropical and temperate germplasm showed tolerance. The International Corn Foundation (ICF)/KNU team with the Ministry of Agriculture have run breeding research three cycles yearly. By 2007, the joint team developed an open-pollinated variety (OPV) with combined tolerance to DM and drought. The Ministry named it "NAI", means "honorable" in national language. Hybrid breeding for both DM and drought are being developed.

KNU corn breeding team in collaboration with International Corn Foundation (ICF) is dedicated to develop super corn hybrids for developing countries like Nepal and Cambodia. The team works to develop high bio-energy maize hybrids for Korea. Crossing of temperate with tropical germplasm shows new heterotic patterns. Four tropical inbred lines from IITA, Nigeria, ten sub-tropical lines from Nepal and two temperate lines (P45 and 69B) from Korea were crossed to produce single-cross hybrids. Besides, four single-cross hybrids from Nepalwere crossed with P45 and 69B to produce three-way crosses. Gray leaf spot (Cercospora zea-maydis) being the most important problem of corn in mid-hills of Nepal, GLS resistant materials from IITA were crossed with Nepal materials in Cambodia to produce GLS tolerant hybrids. Single-cross hybrids were evaluated at ICF Agriculture Center in Cambodia and KNU farm, Gunwi in Korea in 2008. The three-way crosses were planted at Gunwi farm and the GLS resistant materials were planted at Khumaltar station of Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Kathmandu. Crosses of Tzi-25 with RML-4 and RL-111 and RL-105xNML-2 were found outstanding in Cambodia. Four tropical x subtropical hybrids (Tzi-18xRML-4, Tzi-18xRL-14, Tzi-25xRL-14 and RL-47xTzi-25), four temperate x subtropical hybrids (P45xRL-111, P45xRML-8, RML-5x69B and 69BxRL-105). P45xGaurab was the most suitable for both grain and biomass production.

작물 재배 시 사용되는 유기질비료의 GMO 성분 함유여부를 검정하기 위하여 실험을 수행하였다. 시중에 판매되는 유기질 비료 4가지와 대조군으로 일반콩(non-GMO)과 GMO 콩을 사용하였다. 먼저 간편하게 GMO 여부를 확인할 수 있는 strip test를 실시한 결과 유기질 비료 4종 모두에서 GMO가 분석되어 졌다. 따라서 정밀분석을 위하여 각 시료에서 DNA 추출을 시도한 바 CTAB 및 DNA Purification Kit (Promega)를 사용시 DNA 추출이 가능하였다. 현재 콩, 옥수수의 내재유전자 및 GMO 유전자와 관련된 Primer 7종으로 PCR을 수행한 결과 일부 시료에서 GMO 관련 유전자가 분석되어 졌으며, 추후 유기질 비료의 GMO 유전자가 토양에서 비롯된 것인지 GMO 원료에 기인한 것인지에 대한 확인 실험을 수행할 예정이다.