Molten salt reactors represent a promising advancement in nuclear technology due to their potential for enhanced safety, higher efficiency, and reduced nuclear waste. However, the development of structural materials that can survive under severe corrosion environments is crucial. In the present work, pure Ni was deposited on the surface of 316H stainless steel using a directed energy deposition (DED) process. This study aimed to fabricate pure Ni alloy layers on an STS316H alloy substrate. It was observed that low laser power during the deposition of pure Ni on the STS316H substrate could induce stacking defects such as surface irregularities and internal voids, which were confirmed through photographic and SEM analyses. Additionally, the diffusion of Fe and Cr elements from the STS316H substrate into the Ni layers was observed to decrease with increasing Ni deposition height. Analysis of the composition of Cr and Fe components within the Ni deposition structures allows for the prediction of properties such as the corrosion resistance of Ni.

제주도(濟州島)는 바다로 고립된 절해고도(絶海孤島)로서 고 려 후기부터 조선 말기까지 수백 명의 사람들이 유형(流刑)에 처해졌던 유배지였다. 제주도는 원(元)에 의해 점령된 후 100여 년 동안 이민족의 유배지였던 역사적 사실도 있었다. 조선시대에는 당론과 정치 적으로 최고형을 받은 유형수들을 최고 멀리 떨어져 있는 제주 도를 유배지로 선택했다. 유배되어온 사람들은 정치인, 왕족, 문인, 관리, 학자를 비롯하여 경중(輕重)의 범죄자들을 정치적 으로 격리하기 위한 최적지의 유배지였다. 주로 외부와의 차단 형벌인 집 주위 울타리에 가시를 둘러쳐 그 안에 살게 하는 위 리안치(圍籬安置)와 절해고도에 살게 하는 절도안치(絶島安置) 의 형벌에 처해졌는데 제주도 유배는 외부와 단절된 절도안치 에 해당하는 최고의 무거운 형벌이었다. 본 연구에서는 조선시대에 기사환국(己巳換局)과 여러 차례 어려운 일들을 걸쳐간 숙종시대 문인 북헌(北軒) 김춘택(金春 澤)의 제주 유배지에서의 후학 양성, 그리고 유배지에 남긴 흔 적에 대해 고찰해보고자 한다. 북헌 김춘택은 숙종의 비 인경왕후(仁敬王后)의 조카이자 구 운몽(九雲夢), 사씨남정기(謝氏南征記)를 지은 김만중(金萬重)의 종손자이다. 어려서부터 김만중에게서 수학하였고 재질이 탁월 하여 김수항(金壽恒)의 탄복을 받기도 하였다. 정쟁 때마다 항 상 서인 · 노론의 중심가문에 속해 있어 힘든 고초를 겪었다. 제주도 유배는 1706(숙종32) 9월에 제주로 유배되어 1710년 (숙종36) 임피(臨陂) 소안역(蘇安驛)으로 이배되면서 제주를 떠 났다. 제주에 유배되는 동안 부친 김진구(金鎭龜)가 제주유배 시 거주했던 곳에서 거주하며 부친이 가르쳤던 제주 유생을 가 르쳐 과거에 급제하는 성과를 낳았다. 학식과 지식이 불모지였던 제주에서 후학양성 측면에서 재조명할 가치가 충분히 있다 고 판단된다. 그간 많은 사람이 북헌(北軒)에 대해 논하였으나 제한적이나마 제주에 남긴 북헌의 흔적을 고찰해보고자 하며 후학들의 남긴 문학적 자료도 연구가 필요할 것이나 워낙 파편 적이고 제한된 고증 자료로 인해 어려움이 많았다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation between ecotoxicity and water quality items using Daphnia magna in public sewage treatment plant process and to obtain operational data to control ecotoxicity through research on removal efficiency. The average value of ecotoxicity was 1.39 TU in the influent, 1.50 TU in the grit chamber, and 0.84 TU in the primary settling tank and it was found that most organic matters, nitrogen, and phosphorus were removed through biological treatment in the bioreactor. Using Pearson’s correlation analysis, the positive correlation was confirmed in the order of ecotoxicity and water quality items TOC, BOD, T-N, NH3-N, SS, EC, and Cu. As a result of conducting a multilinear regression analysis with items representing positive correlation as independent variables, the regression model was found to be statistically significant, and the explanatory power of the regression model was about 81.6%. TOC was found to have a significant effect on ecotoxicity with B=0.009 (p<.001) and Cu with B=16.670 (p<.001), and since the B sign is positive (+), an increase of 1 in TOC increases the value of ecotoxicity by 0.009 and an increase in Cu by 1 increases the value of ecotoxicity by 16.670. TOC (β=0.789, p<.001) and Cu (β=0.209, p<.001) were found to have a significant positive effect on ecotoxicity. TOC and Cu have a great effect on ecotoxicity in the sewage treatment plant process, and it is judged that TOC and Cu should be considered preferentially and controlled in order to efficiently control ecotoxicity.

본 연구는 반려동물을 양육하고 있는 반려인들이 입양부터 생애주기 동안 반려문화를 어떻게 경험하는지 살펴보 고자 하였다. 그동안 연구들은 애완동물로 보거나 반려동물이 인간에게 주는 효용감이나 긍정적인 감정 위주로 연구 되어왔다. 이에 본 연구는 반려동물과 반려인이 반려동물 생애주기 동안 꾸준히 함께 경험하는 문화 전반을 살펴보 고자 하였으며 지오르기의 현상학적 연구방법을 통해 반려동물 양육 경험이 있는 10명을 심층 면담하고 총 6개 범주 와 23개의 하위범주를 발견했다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다양한 이유로 반려동물을 입양한 반려인들은 본인의 반려동물 사회성 향상을 위해 노력하고 영양학적인 관심, 반려동물 문화 공간을 방문하는 경험을 했다. 둘째, 동시에 SNS 기능을 활용하여 반려동물을 양육한다는 공동체적 경험을 했으며 반려동물의 식단을 공유하여 심도 있는 공부 를 하게 되었다. 이는 단순한 공부가 아닌 사료 성분을 분석하는 능력을 갖추게 되고 사람용 영양제를 반려동물에 맞추어 급여하기도 했다. 셋째, 사회적 현상에 대한 관심을 가지고 열악한 환경에 놓인 동물들이 있으면 관련기관에 항의 활동을 규모 있게 진행하였는데 해당 동물들이 보호소 등으로 인계되면 관심을 놓지 않고 계속해서 후속적인 기부 등의 도움을 주며 반려인으로써 책임감을 가지는 모습을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 반려동물 생애 동안 반려문화 를 경험하는 반려인에 관한 경험을 구조적으로 이해할 수 있었으며 사회적으로 반려문화가 더욱 개선되기 위해 관련 한 제도와 법안 개선, 개인의 질서와 의식 함양, 생활 전반의 반려문화 요소 증가가 필요함을 도출하였다.

PURPOSES : This study analyzes the accident damage scale of hazardous material transportation vehicles not monitored in real time by the Hazardous Material Transportation Safety (HMTS) management center. METHODS : To simulate hazardous-material transportation vehicle accidents, a preliminary analysis of transportation vehicle registration status was conducted. Simulation analyses were conducted for hazardous substance and flammable gas transportation vehicles with a high proportion of small- and medium-sized vehicles. To perform a spill accident damage-scale simulation of hazardous-substance transportation vehicles, the fluid analysis software ANSYS Fluent was used. Additionally, to analyze explosion accidents in combustible gas transportation vehicles, the risk assessment software Phast and Aloha were utilized. RESULT : Simulation analysis of hazardous material transportation vehicles revealed varying damage scales based on vehicle capacity. Simulation analysis of spillage accidents showed that the first arrival time at the side gutter was similar for various vehicle capacities. However, the results of the cumulative pollution analysis based on vehicle capacity exhibited some differences. In addition, the simulation analysis of the explosion overpressure and radiant heat intensity of the combustible gas transportation vehicle showed that the difference in the danger radius owing to the difference in vehicle capacity was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS : The simulation analysis of hazardous-material transportation vehicles indicated that accidents involving small- and medium-sized transportation vehicles could result in substantial damage to humans and ecosystems. For safety management of these small and medium-sized hazardous material transportation vehicles, it is expected that damage can be minimized with the help of rapid accident response through real-time vehicle control operated by the existing HMTS management center.

A variation of fish assemblage in the coastal waters of Sagye-ri, southern Jeju Island was determined using samples collected by trammel net from 2012 to 2022. The total fish species caught by trammel net were identified 88 species, 46 families, 12 orders, and the number of appearance and biomass were 3,479 individuals and 883.6 kg. The annual variation of species was the highest in 2013 at 46 species and the lowest in 2021 at 30 species. The seasonal variation of species was higher in summer at 67 species and lower in winter, autumn at 47 species. The annual diversity index, evenness index, and richness index were appeared 2.42-3.00, 0.69-0.78 and 5.18-7.24 at each years. The dominance index appeared highest in 2013 and the lowest in 2018. Cluster analysis based on the number of individuals of fish was classified into two groups at the dissimilarity level of 57%, and results of SIMPROF analysis revealed significant differences in community structure among the two groups. The subtropical fishes were identified a total of 42 species (47.7%) and the number of species was higher in 2013 at 25 (54.3%) species and lower in 2018 and 2021 at each 17 (54.8~56.7%) species. The dominant species of subtropical fishes were appeared rabbit fish (Siganus fuscescens), scarbreast tuskfish (Choerodon azurio), bluestriped angelfish (Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis), balloon fish (Diodon holocanthus), and flag fish (Goniistius zonatus) at study sites.

Obesity, characterized by excessive fat accumulation, poses global health risks, including metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, with its prevalence steadily rising. This study proposes that rottlerin induces anti-obesity effects by enhancing non-shivering thermogenesis in beige adipocytes D16 via LRP6 inhibition. As a result, treatment of D16 cells with rottlerin up to 5 mM showed no cytotoxicity. Rottlerin significantly increased the expression of proteins involved in substrate oxidation, such as UCP1 and PGC1a, while decreasing the expression of C/EBPb associated with adipogenesis. Additionally, PRDM16, regulating brown adipocyte development, exhibited increased expression. The phosphorylation of LRP6, an indicator for Wnt signaling and nutrient-sensing pathway, is decreased by rottlerin. In conclusion, the study highlights the reduced phosphorylation of LRP6 as a pivotal mechanism by which rottlerin promotes the “beigeing” of D16 adipocytes, subsequently inducing non-shivering thermogenesis. This underscores rottlerin’s potential as a natural bioactive compound with anti-obesity effects.