This paper provides basic data for product developers by investigating the consumption status, consumer perception, and consumer demand on products using Aster Yomena. Two hundred ninety-five people over 20 years of age were analyzed according to gender and age. In the purchase of Aster Yomena products, men were the higher purchasers except for powder. In age, noodles, wild vegetables, jangajji, tteok, and powder were consumed by those older than 30 years. In an analysis of purchase when developing Aster Yomena products, the male purchase intention was higher in all items except for kalguksu in the staple, and male purchase intention was higher in only bibimbapseasoning among aster powder addition sauce and all items in dessert. The purchase intention of those older than 30 years was higher in all items of staples, aster powder addition sause and sause The purchase intention of those older than 30 yearse was higher in green vegetables juice and milk tea among drink, and all items except ice cream among dessert. An analysis of the popularization of Aster Yomena revealed higher perceptions of men in the medium (TV, internet, online cafe, agro-fishery market), experience program (area tourism, exposition), and product development (convenience food, recipe development). The medium (agro-fishery market), experience program, and product development were more recognized in their 30s or more. The products with aster yomana require the most effective marketing to men 30 years and older, and require a strategy that will interest those in their 20s.

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of odorous components that have been generated from the downtown sewer system based on twenty-three survey items for complex odor and designated offensive odor. As a result of the research, the contribution rates for the causative materials of the odor indicated 73.5% of hydrogen sulfide, 26.0% of methyl mercaptan, 0.4% of dimethyl sulfide, and 0.1% of dimethyl disulfide. The occurrence for the odorous materials according to sampling site revealed data of which contribution rates showed 56.9% of hydrogen sulfide and 36.8% of methyl mercaptan from the combined sewer system in the business district; whereas the combined sewer system in the residential area showed 16.4% of dimethyl sulfide and 4.3% of dimethyl disulfide. The seasonal occurrence rate of the odor materials was observed higher in summer and lower in winter And, the combined sewer system in the business district recorded the highest concentration of 4.61 ppm of hydrogen sulfide among the sampling site. An hourly occurrence rate for the odor materials consistently showed the greatest increase between 11:00 and 14:00 at each location and showed a decreasing tendency afterward.

메탄가스는 주요 온실가스 중 하나로 반추동물의 장내발효를 통해 발생하며, 이러한 경로의 메탄가스는 대한민국 축산부문 총 온실가스 발생량의 40% 이상을 차지한다. 이런 이유로 많은 연구자들은 반추동물에서 발생하는 메탄생성량을 줄이기 위한 시도를 계속해 왔다. 본 연구는 반추동물의 메탄발생량을 측정하기 위해 호흡대사챔버를 개발하고 호흡대사챔버의 정확성을 검증하기 위해 실시하였다. 호흡대사챔버는 25.4 m3 크기로 스테인리 스 플레이트로 내부를 완전히 밀폐하였다. 직경 Φ100의 공기 유입관과 배출관을 설치하였고, 공기 배출관에 에어모터를 설치하여 내부공기를 제거함과 동시에 유입관을 통해 배출된 만큼의 공기가 외부에서 유입되도록 하였다. 챔버 내 메탄가스 회수기능을 검증하기 위해 메탄표준가스 5L를 각 챔버에 주입하여 균일하게 확산시킨 후, 챔버 내부의 공기를 900 L/min의 속도로 제거하였다. 제거된 공기의 메탄가스 농도를 연속적으로 측정하여 주입된 메탄가스와 비교함으로써 회수율을 평가하였다. 챔버 내 표준가스는 평균 100분에 완전히 제거되었으며, 메탄가스의 회수율은 평균 109 ± 6.7%로 측정되었다. 호흡대사챔버의 실제 이용성을 평가하기 위해, 평균체중 581.9 ± 33.8 kg 의 한우 거세우 4두에게 비육후기 배합사료 9 kg과 볏짚 1 kg을 급여하며 메탄발생량을 측정하였다. 한우의 장내발효에 의한 메탄발생량은 평균 236.4 ± 105.44 L/day로 측정되었다. 본 연구에서 개발·검증한 호흡대사챔버는 국내 한우의 장내발효 메탄가스발생량 측정 시험에 적용 가능할 것이다.

급격한 환경적 변화에 적응하지 못하는 조직은 생존하기 어렵다. 그에 따라 조직의 성공 및 번영을 위 해 구성원들의 도전적, 창조적 개선 및 혁신 행동의 중요성이 점차 부각되고 있다. 이런 이유로 다양한 요인들이 구성원의 재량적 행동인 창의성 및 발언의 독립변수로 제시되어 왔다. 본 연구는 이론 및 실무적인 중요성 및 변수간 관계의 밀접성에도 불구하고 선행연구에서 제한된 관심을 받아 온,상사의 창의성 독려를 선택하여 구성원의 창의성 및 발언에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이 과정에서 기대이론을 활용하여 상사의 창의성 독려가 창의성 및 발언에 대한 성공 기대, 재량적 행동 관련 보상에 대한 기대를 높일 수 있을 것이라고 보고 이를 실증하고자 하였다. 또한 상사의 창의성 독려가 구성원의 창의성 및 발언을 높이는 이유가 무엇보다도 구성원의 창의적 과정에의 참여 정도를 높이기 때문이라고 보고, 이를 통한 간접효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 육군 간부 181쌍을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 분석한 결과, 상사의 창의성 독려는 구성원의 창의성을 높이는 것으로 나타났으며, 촉진적 및 예방적 발언 또한 높인다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 이 과정에서 창의적 자기효능감을 통제하여, 창의성 및 발언에 미치는 상사 창의성 독려의 증분 효과를 확인하였다. 또한 부트스트래핑에 의한 간접효과 검증을 실시한 결과, 상사의 창의성 독려는 구성원의 창의적 과정 참여에 정적 영향을 미치고, 이는 다시 구성원의 창의성 및 발언에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알아냈다. 본 연구는 조직 경쟁우위의 원천인 구성원의 창의성 및 발언을 촉진하는데 무엇 보다도 상사의 창의성 독려가 필요하다는 것을 제시하였다. 이는 기존 연구들에서 구성원 재량적 행동에 영향을 미치는 개인, 집단, 조직 수준의 다양한 변수들에 부가하여 재량적 또는 자발적 행동의 중요성을 강조하고 독려하는 상사의 구체적 행동이 실질적으로 중요하다는 시사점을 주는 것이다. 아울러 본 연구는 창의적 과정 참여를 택해 상사 창의성 독려의 영향력 과정에 대한 이해를 높였으며, 현장에 상사의 창의성 독려 행동의 필요성에 대한 논리적 근거를 제시하였다. 특히 본 연구는 선행연구들과는 달리 기대 이론으로 변수들 간 관계를 설명함으로써 현상에 대한 새로운 관점을 소개하는 함의를 가지고 있다. 마지막으로 연구의 말미에 한계 및 향후 연구방향을 제안하였다.

In order to offer specific information needed to assist in operation of a ship with same type rudder through evaluating the maneuverability of training ship A-Ra with flapped rudder, sea trials based full scale for turning test, zig-zag test with rudder angle 10° and 20°, and spiral test at service condition were carried out on starboard and port sides around Jeju Island according to the standards of maneuverability of IMO. As a result, the angular velocity of port turn was higher than that of starboard turn. Therefore, the size of turning circle was longer on the starboard side. In addition, variation of the transfer due to various factors was more stable than those of the others. In the Z-test results, the mean of 1st and 2nd overshoot angles were 9.8°, 6.3° and 15.3°, 9.2° respectively when the port and starboard was 10°; the 1st overshoot angle were 18°, 13.7° when using 20°. Her maneuverability index Tˊ and Kˊ can be easily determined by using a computer with the data obtained from Z-test where Kˊ and Tˊ are dimensionless constants representing turning ability and responsiveness to the helm, respectively. In the Z-test under flap rudder angle 10°, the obtained Kˊ value covered the range of 2.37-2.87 and Tˊ was 1.74-3.45. Under the flap rudder angle 20°, Kˊ and Tˊ value showed 1.43-1.63, 1.0-1.73, respectively. In the spiral test, the loop width was unstable at +0.3° and –0.5°-0.9° around the midship of flap rudder. As a result, course stability was comparatively good. From the sea trial results, training ship ARA met the present criterion in the standards of maneuverability of IMO.

Engaged in trawling in limited fishing grounds with a number of fish schools could cause collisions between fishing vessels. Therefore, providing accurate maneuver information according to the situation could be regarded as essential for improving seafarers safety and fishing efficiency as well as safety of navigation. It is difficult to obtain all maneuver information through sea trial tests only, so a method through empirical formula is necessary. Since most empirical formulas are developed for merchant ship types, especially the characteristics of hull shape parameter like CbB/L and dCb/B etc. are clearly different between fishing vessels and merchant ships, this could occur estimation errors. Therefore, in this study, the authors have selected target fishing vessels and merchant ships and analyzed the characteristics of hull shape parameter according to the ship types. Based on this analysis, the empirical formula developed for the merchant ship type has applied to the target fishing vessels; it has verified through the turning motion simulation that the estimation error could be generated. In conclusion, it is necessary to include the characteristics of the hull shape parameter of fishing vessels in the empirical formula in order to apply the empirical formula has developed for merchant ship types to fishing vessel types.

This study collected and analyzed the fishing process of existing fishing boat and newly built fishing boat by using the video observation methods to understand the improvement of fishing operation efficiency and safety according to the scale change of coastal composite fishing boat. The fishing operation efficiency was calculated by analyzing the frequency of movement, the movement distance and the moving time per basket used in the fishing process to derive the improvement of the newly built fishing boat compared to the existing fishing boat. It was confirmed that the mean frequency of movements decreased to 13.9%, the average moving time decreased to 21.8%, the mean movement distance increased to 20.5% and the movement through the top of gunwale did not occur. Movement of frequency, increased and time according to the fishing operation were directly affected by the width of side passages and the presence or absence of walking obstruction such as bulwark stay, hatch coaming and fishing gears on deck. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for redesigning into a safe and efficient coastal composite fishing boat in the future.

Ganjang and doenjang are known as major fermented soy-based foods in Koreans. Current investigations have proved that fermented soybean foods impart anti-cancer, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer activities of commercialized soy food, Ganjang, as a function of aging period. The test groups were classified into four time periods-short (under 5 years, S group), mid (under 10 years, M group), long (under 15 years, L group), and eternal (over 15 years, E group). The anti-cancer effects of Ganjang were determined by cell cytotoxicity assay of three types of cancer cell lines and splenocyte proliferation assay. Besides these assays, we also analyzed NK cell activity for cancer immunotherapy. The results show that the anti-cancer effect increased in the S and M period aging groups for all three cancer cell lines. Interestingly, similar to the anti-cancer result, splenocyte proliferation and NK activity showed the highest effect in the S and M groups. In contrast, Japanese ganjang-treated (JG1, JG2) groups and E group showed significantly reduced splenocyte proliferation. Collectively, these results suggest that the short and middle periods of traditional fermented Ganjang might have potential anti-cancer activities.

We investigated the physicochemical properties of brown rice by cultivar to select cultivar suitable for making brown rice porridge. The moisture content of the brown rice ranged from 8.79~11.78% with the highest varieties being ‘Geonyangmi’. The crude ash and crude lipid content ranged from 1.02~1.65% and 1.65~3.26%, while the rest were similar except for ‘Daebo’. Crude protein also had the lowest ‘Daebo’ and generally glutinous rice showed higher crude protein content than common rice. The hardness showed that ‘Seolgaeng’ and ‘Keunnun’ were the lowest, and ‘Haiami’ was the highest. In the RVA analysis, the setback was in the range －80.61~22.44 and was low in the order of ‘Wolbaek’, ‘Baekjinju'', and ‘Dongjinchal’. As a result of water binding capacity (WBC) measurement, ‘Sindongjin’, ‘Geonyang’ and ‘Samkwang’, were high in common rice, and ‘Dongjinchal’ and ‘Hwaseonchal’ were high in glutinous rice. Generally, solubility and swelling power in common rice was found to be lower than in glutinous rice. As a result, ‘Samkwang’ is considered suitable for brown rice porridge production because of high WBC, breakdown, and low setback.

지구상에서 가장 오래된 해양 미세조류로 알려진 스피룰리나는 인체에 필요한 영양성분을 대부분 함유하고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그 구성성분으로는 phycocyanin, chlorophyll, β-carotene과 같 은 다양한 물질을 다량 함유한다고 보고되고 있으며, 노화 및 미백효과가 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서 는 스피룰리나 정제수 추출물의 UVB로 유도된 활성산소종 ROS (reactive oxygen species) 소거능과 항산 화능을 확인하였다. 스피룰리나 정제수 추출물 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 1.0 mg/mL의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, FRAP 환원능 및 ABTS+ 라디칼 소거능을 측정하여 항산화효과를 확인하였다. 대체실험동물모델인 Zebrafish를 이용하여 스피룰리나 정제수 추출물을 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 mg/mL 농도로 처리하여 응고율, 부 화율, 심장독성을 측정하였으며, 스피룰라나 추출물을 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 mg/mL 농도로 처리한 후, DCFH-DA로 염색하여 UVB로 유도된 ROS 저해효과를 확인하였다. 항산화효과 측정 결과 양성대조군인 ascorbic acid와 비교시 DPPH, Frpa, ABTS 모두 농도 의존적으로 항산화 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 대체 실험동물인 Zebrafish를 이용하여 응고율과 부화율, 심박수를 측정한 결과 0.5 mg/mL을 제외한 0.05, 0.10 mg/mL에서는 대조군과 비교 시 독성이 없음을 확인 하였다. UVB로 유도된 Zebrafish의 ROS 소거 능은 양성대조군에 비해 높은 ROS 감소 효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과는 스피룰라나 정제수 추출물 이 자외선 및 피부 보호 화장품 소재로 사용가치가 있음을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate antioxidant characteristics and anti-adipogenic effects of colored rice and brown rice extracts in 3T3-L1 adipocyte depending on cultivar (Josaengheugchal, Heugjinmi, Hongjinju, Geongganghongmi, Seolgaeng, Milyang 320, Sindongjin, Baegjinju). Colored rice and brown rice was extracted with 100% ethanol, followed by the analysis of polyphenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, antioxidant, and anti-adipogenic activity. Total polyphenol and flavonoid content ranged from 6.86~314.08 mg GAE/g and 1.47~56.88 mg CE/g the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid content was observed in Heugjinmi cultivar. Anthocyanin composition was analyzed by HPLC, cyanidin-3-gluoside and peonidin-3-glucoside was found in black rice including Josaengheugchal and Heugjinmi. Also, the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity of colored rice cultivars was higher than that of brown rice cultivars, the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity also was observed in Heugjinmi (128.20 mg TE/g). The anti-adipogenic effects of colored rice and brown rice extracts on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes evaluated that extracts of Heugjinmi cultivar significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation. These results provide valuable information for the use of Korean colored rice cultivar as a functional food materials relative to anti-obesity.

최근 지구 궤도에 발사된 SNPP 위성에 탑재된 VIIRS 센서는 야간에 지표에서 방사된 인공조명의 세기를 DNB 영상에 기록할 수 있다. VIIRS DNB 영상은 인구 및 국내총생산과 같은 사회경제적 지표의 추정을 위한 공간적 대안 자료로 이용되고 있다. 그러나 음의 값과 널값(null radiance)을 포함한 이례적 복사도가 이 자료에 나타날 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 북한을 포함한 월 단위 VIIRS DNB 영상에 내재할 수 있는 비정상적 복사 휘도의 시공간적 분포 특성을 조사하였다. 북한 지역의 이례적 복사도는 시간적 편중과 공간적 불균형에 따른 분포 특성을 보였다. 이뿐 아니라 월 단위 영상에서는 감지기 오작동에 의한 국지적 잡음이 확인되기도 했다. 이러한 비정상적 복사 휘도는 북한 지역에 대한 사회경제지표의 추정 결과에 왜곡을 초래할 수 있다. 따라서 이례적 복사도 존재 가능성을 고려한 VIIRS DNB 영상 분석이 향후 연구에서 고려되어야 한다.