In this study, the structural performance of the specimen fabricated through 3D printing was evaluated through monotonic loading experiments analysis to apply to 3D printed structures. The compression and flexural experiments were carried out, and the experimental results were compared to the finite element model results. The loading directions of specimens were investigated to consider the capacity of specimens with different curing periods, such as 7 and 28 days. As a result, the strength tended to increase slightly depending on the stacking direction. Also, between the 3D-printed panel composite and the non-reinforced panel, the bending performance depended on the presence or absence of composite reinforcement.

This study proposes a methodology for the regional seismic risk assessment of structural damage to buildings in Korea based on evaluating individual buildings, considering inconsistency between the administrative district border and grid lines to define seismic hazard. The accuracy of seismic hazards was enhanced by subdividing the current 2km-sized grids into ones with a smaller size. Considering the enhancement of the Korean seismic design code in 2005, existing seismic fragility functions for seismically designed buildings are revised by modifying the capacity spectrum according to the changes in seismic design load. A seismic risk index in building damage is defined using the total damaged floor area considering building size differences. The proposed seismic risk index was calculated for buildings in 29 administrative districts in 'A' city in Korea to validate the proposed assessment algorithm and risk index. In the validation procedure, sensitivity analysis was performed on the grid size, quantitative building damage measure, and seismic fragility function update.

이 연구의 목적은 예비 지구과학 교사들이 선다형 문항 제작 실습 프로그램에 참여하는 과정에서 드러나는 문 항 제작 역량의 발달 양상을 이해하는 것이다. 이를 위해 예비 지구과학 교사 15명이 선다형 문항 제작 과정 중 공동 검토 과정에서 나타나는 논의에 초점을 맞춰 그 특징을 분석하였다. 구성주의 근거 이론을 토대로 3단계의 코딩을 수 행한 결과, 36개의 초기 코드, 12개의 초점 코드, 5개의 이론적 코드가 도출되었다. 코딩 범주에 근거하여 논의의 특징 을 규정하는 검토 문화와 문항에 대한 관점을 두 축으로 설정하였으며, 이로부터 수험생의 문제풀이, 조심스레 한 걸음 떼기, 짙어지는 담화를 주제로 하는 세 가지 이야기를 구성하였다. 또한 프로그램 동안 일관되게 드러나는 문항 제작 역량의 한계를 다다르지 못한 노정에 대한 네 번째 이야기로 서술하였다. 문항 제작 과정에서 드러나는 평가 전문성은 예비교사의 정체성 발달과 관련되어 있으며, 본 연구에서 적용한 개발한 프로그램의 효과와 의의 및 프로그램의 개발과 개선을 위한 시사점을 논의하였다.

Melon fruits exhibit a wide range of morphological variations in fruit shape, sugar content, net quality, diameter and weight, which are largely dependent on the variety. These characteristics significantly affect marketability. For netted varieties, the uniformity and pattern of the net serve as key factors in determining the external quality of the melon and act as indicators of its internal quality. In this study, we evaluated the effect of fruit morphology and growth on netting by analyzing the changes in melon fruit quality under LED light treatment and monitoring fruit growth. Computer vision analysis was used for quantitative evaluation of fruit net quality, and a three-variable logistic model was applied to simulate fruit growth. The results showed that melons grown under LED conditions exhibited more uniform fruit shape and improvements in both net quality and sugar content compared to the control group. The results of the logistic model showed minimal error values and consistent curve slopes across treatments, confirming its ability to accurately predict fruit growth patterns under varying light conditions. This study provides an understanding of the effects of fruit shape and growth on net quality.