Maturation and spawning of the jack mackerel, Trachurus japonicus was investigated based on the samples captured in the coastal waters around Jeju Island from January 2007 to December 2008. Gonadosomatic index began to increase in March, and reached a maximum between April to June. After spawning it began to decrease from August. Reproductive season was estimated to March-July, with peak in April. Fecundity was proportional to the size of the female, with the clutch size varying from 33,493 eggs in the smallest female(FL=27.0cm) to 627,061 eggs in the largest(FL=40.6cm). Size at 50% sexual maturity(FL50), determined from mature females, was 26.6cm FL. Annual reproductive cycles of this species could be divided into six successive stages; immature stage(September-December), nucleolus stage(January-February), yolk vesicle stage(February-March), vitellogenic stage(March-April), ripe stage(April-July) and spent stage(July-September).

To develop the artificial spawning seaweeds of the sandfish, Arctoscopus japonicus, the effects by the material type of artificial spawning seaweeds were investigated at Dongsan port in Gangwon-do from December 2006 to March 2007. Sargassum fulvellum, S. horneri, rope and net were used as materials for artificial spawning seaweeds, and the most effective thing among them was S. fulvellum. A. japonicus began to attach the egg mass to artificial spawning seaweeds when sea temperature dropped below 10℃ in December, spawned heavily when it was around 8℃ in January, and completed the behavior when it started to increase over 10℃ in February. The hatching period of eggs was estimated to be about 60 days. The middle position in artificial spawning seaweed had the highest number of egg masses and the diameter of the egg mass ranged from 25mm to 62mm. Based on the result for the effects, the artificial spawning seaweeds of A. japonicus were developed and it is possible to use them to form seaweed forests or spawning grounds of other species.

In this era of knowledge and information of the 21st century, the source of a nation's competitive power consists of human resources and material resources and the importance of human resources appreciates highly. The number of small and medium enterprises which are the core of national economy covers over 98% among whole domestic enterprises of Korea. Competitive power of small and medium enterprises comes from human resources development. For the development of human resources, small and medium enterprises are trying to expand their learning organizations in the company. The analysis of outcomes of administering the existing learning organizations shows that learning organizations contribute highly to the improvement of the productivity of small and medium enterprises. And the analysis also shows that the participants of learning organizations and middle management and executives who support and encourage them recognize the necessity of learning organizations and that it should be disseminated throughout other enterprises. Therefore government's supports to establish learning organizations in a company are required to expand.

This study is deal with the high frequency induction hardening (HF at 850℃, 120kHz & 50kW condition) SM45C steel. (1) The HF specimen which was tempered at 150℃, did not appear any tempering effect. A brittle fracture occurred at rounded area of the tensile specimen. AE amplitude distribution showed between 45~60dB. (2) The HF specimen which was tempered at 300℃, slip and fracture occurred at the hole area of the tensile specimen. As it passes the yield point, the AE energy increased intermittently and AE amplitude distribution showed between 70~85dB. In addition, after the maximum tensile load, it showed high amplitude and energy distribution. The AE amplitude showed between 45~70dB. (3) The HF specimen which was tempered at 450℃, a brittle fracture occurred as if it is torn in the direction of 45℃ on parallel area over the both sides of the tensile specimen, which led to several peak to be appeared in AE energy. It was found that the AE amplitude was relatively low and the AE energy was high.

Cycling that transform human energy into mechanical energy is one of the man-machine systems out of sports fields. Benchmarking means " improving ourselves by learning from others ", therefore benchmarking toward dominant cyclist is necessary on field. the goals of this study were to provide important factors on multi-disciplines (kinematics, physiology, power, psychology) for a tailored-training program that is suitable to individual characteristics. Two cyclist participated in this study and gave consent to the experimental procedure. one was dominant cyclist (years:21 yrs, height:177 cm, mass:70 kg), and the other was non-dominant cyclist(years:21, height:176, mass:70). Kinematic data were recorded using six infrared cameras (240Hz) and QTM (software). Physiological data (VO2max, AT) were acquired according to graded exercising test with cycle ergometer and power with Wingate test used by Bar-Or et. al ( 1977) and to evaluate muscle function with Cybex. Psychological data were collected with competitive state anxiety inventory (CSAI-2) that were devised by Martens et. al (1990) and with athletes' self-management questionnaire (ASMQ) of Huh (2003). It appears that the dominant's CV(coefficient of variability) was higher than non-dominant's CV in Sports Biomechanics domain, that the dominant's values for all factors ware higher than non-dominant's values in physical, and physiological domain, and their values between cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety were contrary to each other in psychology. Further research on multi-disciplines may lead to the development of tailored-optimal training programs applicable with key factors to enhance athletic performance by means of research including athlete, coach and parents.