사회복지와 영성의 연구동향을 보면 포스트모더니즘의 영향으로 지 금까지의 학문이 과학적인 연구에 치중해 왔음을 반성하고 영성적 접근 을 통해 과학과 영성의 학문적 통합과 융섭의 필요성을 제기하고 있다. 미국에서는 1990년도에 관련학회가 생기고 영국과 캐나다, 호주 등에서 도 지속적으로 연구결과가 나오고 있지만, 한국은 2012년에 영성과 사 회복지학회가 생기고 연구도 시작단계라고 할 수 있다. 종교계에서는 가톨릭 사회복지회가 3년 전부터 가톨릭 사회복지의 실 천을 위한 영성프로그램을 개발해서, 사회복지 실천현장에 적용시키기 위한 시도를 해오고 있다. 불교계도 관심을 갖고‘불교 사회복지의 영성 적 관점’을 주제로 포럼을 개최하기도 하였지만 사회복지 실천현장에 적용하기 위한 구체적인 계획과 시도가 필요하다. 이러한 시도의 일환으로 일터영성의 연구동향을 살펴보았으며, 실증 적 조사연구를 위해 사회복지기관 종사자들의 사회복지와 영성의 인식 정도, 사회복지사의 영성과 직무만족, 사회복지기관에서의 일터영성을 조사하여, 그 내용을 종교계와 일반 사회복지기관의 종사자들을 중심으 로 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 이렇게 도출된 결과를 통해 불교 사회복지 의 영성적 실천을 위한 실증적인 조사연구의 계기가 되었으면 한다. 연 구내용은 불교 사회복지의 영성적 실천을 위한 조사연구로 조계종·가 톨릭·서울시의 사회복지기관 종사자들을 중심으로 조사를 실시하여 그 결과를 비교 분석한 것이다. 불교계의 경우 비교적 저조한 평가가 나왔는데, 이러한 분석내용을 바탕 으로 불교 사회복지의 영성적 실천을 위한 관심을 제고하고 불교 사회복지 와 영성의 개념정립, 불교계 사회복지기관 사회복지사의 영성 교육과 훈련, 불교사회복지와영성프로그램개발의필요성을제안하고자하였다.

PURPOSES : This research was a fundamental study on the application of an integral TiO2 solution to asphalt concrete pavement. The integral TiO2 solution was produced in pilot production equipment; application of the integral TiO2 solution to asphalt pavement was conducted to examine the pollution-reducing capability of photocatalytic compounds such as TiO2. The photocatalytic TiO2 reacted with air pollutants, converting them into small amounts of relatively benign molecules. METHODS : In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted using five various testing methods. Tensile strength ratio (TSR) and British pendulum test (BPT) were conducted in order to evaluate the properties of asphalt pavement subsequent to the integral TiO2 solution coating. In addition, methylene blue testing, a measurement of nitrate on the coated pavement, and nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction testing were conducted in order to evaluate photocatalytic reaction. Lastly, a UV-A lamp was used as a light source for photocatalytic reactions. RESULTS : Test results indicated no change in the properties of asphalt pavement following the integral TiO2 solution coating. In order to evaluate the performance of asphalt pavement as a function of TiO2, the moisture susceptibility and skid resistance were investigated. The moisture susceptibility and skid resistance satisfied there quirements related to pavement quality and safety specification. Furthermore, the effects of reduction of air pollution were significantly improved as determined via the methylene blue test and NOx reduction test. The TiO2-paved asphalt specimen exhibited approximately 43% reduction of NOx. CONCLUSIONS : This study has suggested that applying TiO2 rarely impacts asphalt pavement performance measures such as moisture susceptibility and skid resistance, and that its application may be a better means of reducing air pollution. Further studies, such as proper TiO2 dosage rates and compatibility with various pavement types, are required to broaden and generalize its application.

PURPOSES: The main purpose of this study is to develop a high elastic modulus and low-shrinkage roller-compacted concrete base (RCCB) in order to prevent fatigue cracking and reflective cracking in the asphalt surface layer of composite pavement. Using a rigid base material with low shrinkage can be a solution to this problem. Moreover, a strong rigid base with high elastic modulus is able to shift the location of critical tensile strain from the bottom of the asphalt layer to the bottom of the rigid base layer, which can prevent fatigue cracking in the asphalt layer. METHODS: Sensitivity analysis of composite pavement via numerical methods is implemented to determine an appropriate range of elastic modulus of the rigid base that would eliminate fatigue cracking. Various asphalt thicknesses and elastic moduli of the rigid base are used in the analysis to study their respective influences on fatigue cracking. Low-shrinkage RCC mixture, as determined via laboratory testing with various amounts of a CSA expansion agent (0%, 7%, and 10%), is found to achieve an appropriate low-shrinkage level. Shrinkage of RCC is measured according to KS F 2424. RESULTS : This study shows that composite pavements comprising asphalt thicknesses of (h1) 2 in. with E2 > 19 GPa, 4 in. with E2 > 15 GPa, and 6 in. with E2 > 11 GPa are able to eliminate tensile strain in the asphalt layer, which is the cause of fatigue cracking in this layer. Shrinkage test results demonstrate that a 10% CSA RCC mixture can reduce shrinkage by 84% and 93% as compared to conventional RCC and PCC, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of numerical analyses using various design inputs, composite pavements are shown to be able to eliminate fatigue cracking in composite pavement. Additionally, an RCC mixture with 10% CSA admixture is able to reduce or eliminate reflective cracking in asphalt surfaces as a result of the significant shrinkage reduction in the RCC base. Thus, this low-shrinkage base material can be used as an alternative solution to distresses in composite pavement.

This study is carried out to obtain basic data regarding oxidation and reduction reactions, originated on the recycling of waste tungsten hard scraps by oxidation and reduction processes. First, it is estimated that the theoretical Gibbs free energy for the formation reaction of WO2 and WO3 are calculated as ΔG1,000K= -407.335 kJ/mol and ΔG1,000K = -585.679 kJ/mol, from the thermodynamics data reported by Ihsan Barin. In the experiments, the oxidation of pure tungsten rod by oxygen is carried out over a temperature range of 700-1,000oC for 1 h, and it is possible to conclude that the oxidation reaction can be represented by a relatively linear relationship. Second, the reduction of WO2 and WO3 powder by hydrogen is also calculated from the same thermodynamics data, and it can be found that it was difficult for the reduction reaction to occur at 1,027oC, in the case of WO2, but it can happen for temperatures higher than 1127oC. On the other hand, WO3 reduction reaction occurs at the relatively low temperature of 827oC. Based on these results, the reduction experiments are carried out at a temperature range of 500-1,000oC for 15 min to 4 h, in the case of WO3 powder, and it is possible to conclude that the reduction at 900oC for 2h is needed for a perfect reduction reaction.

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to develop an optimized method of mix design for rapid-set lightweight-formed mortar mix. To achieve this objective, the workability, setting time, and compressive strength of mixes under various conditions of mix design were evaluated. METHODS: The water-bonder ratio, fly-ash substitution ratio, and forming agent injection amount were selected as design variables in the study. The fluidity, setting time, density, and strength of the mortar mix were considered as major evaluation criteria of the mixture, and were subsequently utilized to evaluate the characteristics of the mortar mix under various conditions. RESULTS : The observations made from the mix design process are as follows: 1) the air content and fluidity increase as the forming agent ratio and forming agent ratio increase, respectively; 2) the maximum air content is approximately 20%; 3) the accelerating agent decreases the fluidity of the mortar mix by 15% on average; 4) the forming agent injection ratio and fly-ash substitution ratio yield significant effects on the initial and final set times of the mortar mix; 5) as the forming agent injection ratio and fly-ash substitution ratio increase, the compressive strength of the mortar mix decreases; and 6) the 28-day compressive strengths of the forming agent injection ratio and fly-ash substitution ratio yield the most significant effects. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the governing design variables for the rapid-set lightweight-formed mortar mix are the forming agent injection ratio and fly-ash substitution ratio.

Seismic analyses of a pile under a large rigid basement foundation embedded in the homogeneous soil layer were performed practically by a response displacement method assuming a sinusoidal wave form. However, it is hard to take into account the characteristics of a large mat foundation and a heterogeneous soil layer with the response displacement method. The response displacement method is relevant to the 2D problems for longitudinal structures such as tunnel, underground cave structure, etc., but might not be relevant with isolated foundations for building structures. In this study, seismic pile analysis by a pseudo 3D finite element method was carried out to compare numerical results with results of the response displacement method considering 3D characteristics of a foundation-soil system which is important for the building foundation analyses. Study results show that seismic analyses results of a response displacement method are similar to those of a pseudo 3D numerical method for stiff and dense soil layers, but they are too conservative for a soft soil layer inducing large soil pressures on the foundation wall and large pile displacements due to ignored foundation rigidity and resistance.

환경부 지정 멸종위기 II급 종인 남생이의 복원을 위하여 개체증식 프로그램들을 개발해왔지만, 남생이의 번식생리에 대한 이해는 여전히 부족한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 2014년 11월부터 2015년 10월 사이에 동면을 한 개체와 동면을 하지 않은 개체를 이용하여 성호르몬, 여포와 알의 수와 크기, 암ž수간의 행동상호작용의 계절적 변화를 연구하였다. 비록 동면 여부에 따라 다소의 편차는 있었지만, 암컷의 혈청 에스트라디올 농도는 7월부터 증가하기 시작하여 8월-10 월에 최고 농도를 보였으며, 수컷의 테스토스테론의 농도는 8-9월에 최고 농도를 보였으며, 3월에 가장 낮았다. 동면을 한 암컷들은 5월초에서 7월 중순 사이에 완전히 발달한 알을 가지고 있었으며, 산란은 6월 초순부터 7월 하순 사이에 이루어졌다. 반면, 동면을 하지 않은 암컷들은 이른 4월부터 이른 6월 사이와 8월 중순에서 11월 하순 사이에 알을 가지고 있었으며, 산란은 6월초, 10월 중순, 2월 초에 이루어졌다. 이러한 결과는 동면이 여포와 알의 정상적인 발달에 매우 중요한 역할을 함을 보여준다. 행동연구에서 암ž수간의 구애행동을 포함하는 행동상호작용은 8월 하순부터 증가되 어 10-11월에 최대를 보였다. 연구결과는 남생이의 짝짓기 기간이 성호르몬의 증가와 직접 연계되어 있지만, 여포와 알의 발달은 그렇지 않다는 것을 보여준다. 이러한 연구결과는 멸종위기종인 남생이의 성공적인 번식프로그램을 운영 하는데 매우 중요하게 사용될 것으로 판단된다.

The analysis on the international safety management code (ISM Code) and case of foreign national safety management for fishing vessel was conducted to serve as a basic data on the introduction of safety management system (SMS) for a deep-sea fishing vessel in Korea. As a result, Maritime New Zealand (MNZ) has managed operations of SMS in the maritime rules according to the Maritime Transport Act since 1994. MNZ underwent a safe ship management (SSM), which includes elements applied to shipping companies, ship and verification of the ISM Code for ships, except ISM Code application since 1998. In 2014 the introduction of the advanced maritime operator safety system (MOSS) superior to the SSM by MNZ was promoted actively switch and enforcement. Meanwhile, the safe operation manual of Japanese fishing vessel includes large part of the contents of the ISM Code, and voluntary implementation to fit the realities of the fishing vessel. The law application of SMS for a deep-sea fishing vessel after the newly establishment of the Ocean Industry Development Act to SMS would be advantageous to the schematic management, supervision, maintenance and application and, in 2016 from the implementation of maritime safety supervisor for a deep-sea fishing vessel that the management and supervision through the fishing vessel will be the efficient operation. The configuration of the safety management system in a deep-sea fishing vessel should be included as an element of ISM Code. The introduction of such a system is gradually applicable, such as nationality overseas vessel case study of the ISM Code, and vessels that are excluded from the application will be implemented as autonomous as Japan. The results are expected to contribute to sustainable development in the ocean industry safety culture spread throughout the ocean industry through the enhancement of safety fishing competency and safety management responsibility of fisher.

OBJECTIVES: This study is to develop the optimum mixing proportions for cement concrete pavement with using recycled aggregates. METHODS: The mixture varied recycled coarse aggregates content from 50 % to 100 % to replace the natural coarse aggregates by weight. Tests for fundamental properties as a cement concrete pavement were conducted before and after hardening of the concrete. RESULTS: It was found that the variation in the amount of the recycled aggregate affected the compressive and flexural strength development, as well as the chloride ion penetration resistance. As the amount of the recycled aggregate content increased the compressive and flexural strength and the resistance to chloride ion penetration decreased. However, the resistance to freeze-thaw reaction was affected significantly. In addition, the gradation of the aggregate became worse and hence so did the coarseness factor as the recycled aggregate amount increased. CONCLUSIONS : The fundamental properties of the concrete with recycled aggregate does not seem to be appropriate when the recycled aggregate quality is not guaranteed up to a some level and its replacement ratio is over 50%. The optimized gradation of the aggregates should also be sought when the recycled aggregate is used for the cement concrete pavement materials.

We summarize our preliminary study on the research cooperation method in the astronomy field between Republic of Korea (South Korea) and Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea). To investigate the recent astronomical activities of North Korea, we have surveyed the published records of research papers and international collaborations associated with North Korean astronomers. We found only 4 astronomical papers among the identified 260 SCI papers related to North Korean researchers for the past 11 years. North Korean astronomers had very few interactions with the international astronomical society before rejoining IAU in 2012. Recently, North Korea made several astronomical research exchanges with China and Netherlands. They seemed to attend several international conferences and present their research results. We have studied possibilities to establish international networks to encourage the cooperation between South and North, and suggest to start collaboration in the historical astronomy. The collaboration can be expanded gradually to other fields in astronomy. There are many obvious political difficulties to have interactions with North Koreans. However, it will be necessary to make a long-term plan considering the reunification.

Secure operation of hospitals during and right after earthquake is essential. Past lessons from earthquake damages have shown that most of the injured and the death occurred within 30 minutes after earthquake and the portion of nonstructural damage has become significant. However, hospital buildings in Korea have not prepared fully to address such rising issues. This paper is to study what type of damage patterns are related to hospital buildings and how to develop a preparedness plan to keep hospitals operational at all earthquakes if possible. This paper first reviews on past earthquake damages reported as critical to hospital buildings while classifying them into four groups: (1) structural element; (2) architectural-nostructural element; (3) medical equipments and contents; and (4) utility facility. Upon such classification, some detailed concerns can be specified under each group explicitly. Then a hierarchy for hospital building is also developed for the classified groups, which enables us to identify required things for the enhancement of seismic performance of hospital building that consists of heterogeneous elements. To upgrade the level of seismic performance for existing hospital buildings, the concept of performance-based approach can be adopted to address the heterogeneous problems in a systematic and stepwise manner. Finally a conceptual framework for the seismic risk assessment for hospital building is proposed toward the seismic enhancement of hospital buildings using performance-based approach.

이 연구는 기초의 묻힘이 면진 원전구조물의 응답에 미치는 효과를 지표기초와 비교하여 평가하였다. 면진장치의 비선형 성을 고려한 비선형 SSI 해석은 진동수영역해석과 시간영역해석의 복합법인 경계반력법(BRM)을 이용하여 수행하였다. BRM 해석모델은 BRM을 이용한 등가선형 SSI 해석결과를 재래의 주파수영역 SSI 해석결과와 비교함으로 검증하였다. 마 지막으로 비선형 SSI해석에 의한 묻힌기초 모델의 면진장치의 변위 및 구조물 응답을 지표기초의 해석결과와 비교하였다. 비교결과, 면진장치의 변위응답은 묻힌기초효과를 고려할 경우 감소할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

Kunrak, a type of Korea traditional cheese, is made using Tarak, a yogurt produced with makgeolli as the fermentation source. Kunrak is produced by removing whey from Tarak, followed by drying process for safe storage and consumption over a longer period. In this study, we produced kunrak based on the method described in「Imwonsibyukji」. Prepared Kunrak was ripening for 96 hours at 20, 30, and 40oC. In order to study characteristics of Kunrak, physiochemical properties (pH, acidity, water contents) and contents of metabolites (organic acids, sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids) were analyzed. During ripening, water contents decreased. The main organic acids in Kunrak were citric acid and lactic acid, and the main free sugar was lactose. Main amino acids were glutamate and phenylalanine, and main fatty acid was saturated capric acid. At later ripening, all metabolites increased immediately after preparation. The sensory evaluation score of overall preference was highest for Kunrak, which was ripening at 40oC for 96 hours. This study was aimed to assay metabolites of Kunrak under various ripening conditions. The results provide basic data to produce conditions for standardized manufacturing of Kunrak.

농업사회, 산업사회, 정보화 사회를 거쳐 이제 인류는 인공지능, 생체 조작, 로보틱스, 사물인터넷, 3D 프린팅과 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 융합으로 대변되는 제4의 물결 혹은 4차 산업혁명기로 접어들고 있다. 한국도 빠른 추격자의 접근 방식으로 집중적 고속성장을 이루어 낸 반도체, 디스플레이, 스마트폰 등의 IT 산업과 바이오융합의 새로운 흐름에서 이제 혁신적 신기술 개발과 함께 새로운 패러다임에 적응해야 하는 숙제를 안고 있다. 자연친화적 지속가능성 과 에너지 효율적 시스템이 중요하게 대두되는 미래기술은 사실 자연에서는 오랜 기간 진화해온 생물의 적응전략과 기능성, 그리고 생태학적 원리와 그 흐름을 같이 한다. 나노 및 마이크로 기술, IT 기술, 바이오 기술의 융합적 발전은 자연의 오랜 지혜를 구현하여 인간생활에 응용할 수 있는 기반을 이루어 자연모사 혹은 생체모방 기술은 미래기술의 중요한 접근 방식이 되고 있으며 곤충학을 비롯한 기초생태학과 응용기술의 만남은 그를 위한 핵심적 가치를 창출하게 되리라 기대된다. “본 연구는 미래창조과학부 및 정보통신기술진흥센터의 ICT명품인재양성사업의 연구결과로 수행되었음”(IITP-R0346-16-1008)

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of size and depth of cavities on the pavement failure using the full-scale accelerated pavement testing. METHODS: A full-scale testbed was constructed by installing the artificial cavities at a depth of 0.3 m and 0.7 m from the pavement surface for accelerated pavement testing. The cavities were made of ice with a dimension of 0.5 m*0.5 m*0.3 m, and the thickness of asphalt and base layer were 0.2 m and 0.3 m, respectively. The ground penetrating radar and endoscope testing were conducted to determine the shape and location of cavities. The falling weight deflectometer testing was also performed on the cavity and intact sections to estimate the difference of structural capacity between the two sections. A wheel loading of 80 kN was applied on the pavement section with a speed of 10 km/h in accelerated pavement testing. The permanent deformation was measured periodically at a given number of repetitions. The correlation between the depth and size of cavities and pavement failure was investigated using the accelerated pavement testing results. RESULTS : It is found from FWD testing that the center deflection of cavity section is 10% greater than that of the intact section, indicating the 25% reduction of modulus in subbase layer due to the occurrence of the cavity. The measured permanent deformation of the intact section is approximately 10 mm at 90,000 load repetitions. However, for a cavity section of 0.7 m depth, a permanent deformation of 30 mm was measured at 90,000 load repetitions, which is three times greater than that of the intact section. At cavity section of 0.3 m, the permanent deformation reached up to approximately 90 mm and an elliptical hole occurred at pavement surface after testing. CONCLUSIONS : This study is aimed at determining the pavement failure mechanism due to the occurrence of cavities under the pavement using accelerated pavement testing. In the future, the accelerated pavement testing will be conducted at a pavement section with different depths and sizes of cavities. Test results will be utilized to establish the criteria of risk in road collapse based on the various conditions.