식육 중 플로르페니콜을 분석하기 위하여 시료를 ethyl acetate로 추출 농축한 후 이 농축액을 acetonitrile과 nhexane을 가하여 분획하고, acetonitrile층을 분리하여 농축하였다. 이를 Oasis HLB cartridge로 정제하고 C18 컬럼을 이용한 HPLC-FLD로 분석하였다. 분석법은 표준물질 0.05~1.0 mg/kg의 농도범위에서 직선성(r2=0.9997)을 나타냈으며, 검출한계는 0.012 mg/kg, 정량한계는 0.039 mg/kg 이었다. 또한 회수율은 쇠고기에서 87.6~92.3 %, 돼지고기에서 85.6~93.3 %, 닭고기에서 92.9~95.6 %이었으며, 상대 표준편차(RSD)는 쇠고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기에서 각각 1.1~4.8 %, 1.1~3.4 %, 1.0~5.3 %이었다. 본 연구에서 확립 된 분석방법으로 유통 중인 식육(쇠고기, 돼지고기, 닭고기) 150건을 전국 지역(서울, 부산, 대구, 대전, 광주)별로 수거하여 플로르페니콜의 잔류 실태를 조사한 결과, 돼지고기 1건에서 0.040 mg/kg이 검출되었으며, 돼지고기 2건, 쇠고기 1건, 닭고기 2건에서는 검출되었으나 정량한계 미만의 수준이었다. 이들 결과로부터 우리나라에서 유통 중인 조사한 식육 150건의 플로르페니콜 잔류량은 모두 국제기준에 적합한 것으로 조사되었다.

주5일 근무제가 확대되어 국민의 여가시간이 증가되고 소득수준이 향상됨에 따라 해양레저스포츠에 대한 국민들의 관심이 높아가고 있다. 지자체들도 전시회, 국제요트대회 등을 경쟁적으로 개최하고 대규모 투자를 추진하고 있다. 그러나 우리나라는 선진국의 수요패턴과 달리 수요가 크게 늘어나지 않고 있다. 그동안 해양레저스포츠의 활성화를 위하여 스포츠관점에서는 많은 연구가 이루어졌으나 산업적 관점에서 산업환경 요인에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 해양레저스포츠산업에 영향을 미치는 경제적, 사회적 환경 등 환경요인을 고찰한다. 이를 위해 해양레저스포츠산업을 둘러싸고 있는 산업환경 요인을 해양레저스포츠산업의 주요성장 지표인 인구 천명당 레저보트(요트 모타보트) 보유척수와의 상관관계로 분석하였다. 마지막으로 선진국과의 해양레저스포츠산업 환경요인을 비교분석하여 우리나라 해양레저스포츠산업의 발전을 위한 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

Purpose : To provide eye care practitioners with guidelines in selection of lenses based on visual needs of wearer. we measured optical characteristics and analysing distance, intem1ediate. and near zones of each PAL design. Methods : 34 lenses which are selling in the market currently, were ordered through a shop as if for a patient with a prescription of piano distance and a + 2.000 add for right respectively. The total number of tl1e lenses was 34 and they were obtained from the manufacturer directly to get a equatable of lenses. Each lens optics was measured with VM 2000(Visionix Ltd. Israel) three times. Limiting the viewing zone width by 0.500C or + 0.250S. distance. intem1ediate. near viewing zone were analysed respectively by lmm vertical steps. Results : Setting the criterion at addition + 2.000. the maximum unwantcd astigmatism was - 1.95 to -3.560( -2.32±0.37). clistance viewing zone area was 9.17 Lo 91.25 mm2(30.57±17.20 mm2 ) . intermediate vie\ving zone area was 10.52 to 41.21 mm2(19.56±6.88 mm2 ), the highest occurrence of the + 1.750 was apart 10.35 m to 18.16 mm(l3.53±2.02 mm) from fitting cross. and neru· viewing zone area with over + 1.750 was 26.58 to 111.25 mm2(62.31± 18.07 mm2 ). There were significant differences with measurement variables. And the usage ratings were measured on t11e criterion of the distance zone. intermediate zone. and near zone width and their horizontal width. Conclusions : The optical characteristics across the progressive addition lenses tested in this study were showed a variance of wide ranges. The ratings of visual needs of wearer on the distance zone, intermediate corridor and near zone can be used in selection of appropriate lenses to match individual specific needs.

Purpose : To investigate correlations between ocular components and corneal aberration according to comeal topographic pattems. Methods : 100 subjects (127 eyes) whose corrected visual acuity is 20/20 or better participated in this study. Ocular components. comeal topography and comeal aberration were measured. Results : Round type was 25%. oval type was 17%. symmetric bow tie type was 15%. asymmetric bow tie type was 26%, irregular type was 17% in classified by corneal topographic patterns. There were significant correlations between 1st coma aberration and refraclive error. between corneal power and total astigmatism. spherical aberration(total. 1st. 2nd and 3rd). There was significant correlations between comeal eccentricity and 2nd astigmatism. There were significant correlations between corneal astigmatism and astigrnatism(total. 1st and 3rd). Refractive error. comeal astigmatism and comeal aberration were the highest value in round type among the 5 different comeal topographic patterns. Corneal power was the highest value in oval type. but corneal eccentricity was the highest value in symmetric bow tie type. Conclusions : lt is considered that this data can be used as basic information for further studies regarding effecls of comeal pattern and aberration on the qualily of vision.

Purpose : We have investigated the vanatwn between ocular components and re(ractive error v.~lh various age groups between 20 to 69 years old. Methods : Refractive error and ocular components were measured in 100 adults (200 eyes) v.~th healthy eyes. Spherical equivalenl. corneal power and mean corneal radius were measured using a Canon RK-Fl autorefractor. Anterior chamber depth and axial length measurements were made using IOL Master. AUCR ratio was calculated by dividing axial length measurements by mean corneal radius. Power vector analysis was used to analyze the refractive error which is expressed with three vectors : M, Jo. J 15· Results : Measured Spherical equivalent values were -1.51±2.480(males -1.33± 2.070, females -1.63±2.670). and showed significant age groups dependence. Measured AUCR ratio values were 3.15±0.15(males 3.16±0.12. females 3.15±0.17). and showed significant age groups dependence. Prevalence of spherical equivalent were as follows : myopesOlleyes. 55.5%). emmetropes(49eyes. 24.5%). hyperopes (40eyes. 20%), and astigmatic eyes(89eyes, 44.5%). As increasing the age from 20s to 60s, M components of power vector analysis showed the change myopia to hyperopia(from -3.44±2.460 to 0.88±1.270). Jo components of power vector analysis changed with-the-rule(WfR) to against-the-rule(ATR)(0.41±0.67D for 20s and -0.01± 0.350 for 40s). J4s components of power vector analysis were -0.67±0.140 for 20s and 0.09±0.270 for 50s. ln J.,s components analysis. the cylinder axis observed near 135 degree for 20s and 45 degree for 50s. Linear regression analysis showed the strong negative correlation between axial length and spherical equivalent(r = -0. 73. p < 0.0001). The correlation between AUCR ratio and spherical equivalent showed the most strong negative dependence(r = -0.82, p < 0.0001). Conclusion : Prevalence of myopia showed 55.5%0lleyes) in 200 eyes. Refractive error showed the change from myopia to hyperopia and total astigmatism showed the change from with-the-rule to against-the-rule with increasing ages. Analysis of biometric data showed that AUCR ratio has the highest negative correlation with spherical equivalent.

건설폐기물의 처리는 국가 사회적 문제로 제기되고 있으며 순환골재의 생산과정에서 발생하는 미분말은 전량 폐기 매립되고 있다. 미분말의 유해성을 분석한 결과 세포독성을 함유하고 있어 토양 및 지하수오염 등 2차 오염을 초래할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 미분말을 재활용하기 위한 방법으로 콘크리트의 혼화재로 활용하고자 시멘트 대신 미분말을 혼입한 콘크리트의 역학적 특성과 작업성을 비교 분석하였다. 콘크리트의 실험 결과에서, 혼화제를 적절히 사용하면 미분말을 시멘트 대신 20% 이하 치환한 경우 콘크리트에 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 고강도 콘크리트에서도 적용할 수 있다.

본 연구에서는 대표적인 즉석섭취식품 5종(김밥, 초밥, 회, 샐러드, 샌드위치)에 대한 미생물 모니터링 검사를 실시하여, 이들 제품에 대한 위생 안전성 확보를 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 진행되었다. 이를 위해 전국의 대형 백화점, 할인점, 슈퍼 등지에서 판매되는 즉석섭취식품 5종, 총 440품목을 수거하여 위생지표세균 검사 및 식중독균 검사를 실시하였다. 제품별로는 초밥이 20.4%로 가장 높은 미생물 검출율을 보였으며, 그 다음으로 13.3%의 김밥, 12.5%의 회, 6.9%의 샐러드, 2.8%의 샌드위치의 순서로 나타났다. 검출된 미생물을 살펴 보면 황색포도상구균이 6.6%로 가장 많이 검출되었으며, 다음은 2.7%의 대장균군, 2.3%의 리스테리아균, 0.7%의 바실러스 세레우스균, 0.5%의 대장균 순서로 검출되었으며, 장염비브리오균과 살모넬라균은 검출되지 않았다. 검출된 황색포도상구균의 정량분석 결과는 전체적으로 200~5,500 cfu/g 의 분포를 보였으며, 평균적으로는 600 cfu/g을 나타내었다.

to malignant transformation. Oral leukoplakia is a common premalignant lesion in oral mucosa and the incidence of cancer progression into SCC has been reported to be 0~43%. The genetic alterations of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes occur during carcinogenesis. In order to evaluate the role of epithelial cells in the early stage of carcinogenesis, we analyzed the alterations of genetic heterogeneity in epithelial cells of oral leukoplakia samples, using Laser capture microdissection(LCM). The incidence rate of microsatellite instability(MSI) and loss of heterozygosity(LOH) were analysed from the DNA of epithelial cells from 16 leukoplakia samples using adjacent fibroblasts as a normal control. In this study, LOH was found in epithelial cells of all 16 cases of leukoplakias while MSI has been observed in 3 cases. Interestingly, the fibroblasts showed LOH and MSI in some cases, which was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Taken together, this study showed that leukoplakia has multiple genetic alterations in fibroblasts as well as in epithelial cells, suggesting that interaction between epithelial cells and fibroblasts might be involved in the early step of carcinogenesis.

The International Astronomy Olympiad (IAO) was established by the Euro-Asian Astronomical Society in order to disseminate astronomical knowledge, promote international cooperation in astronomical education area and recognize the importance of astronomy in far-reaching field of science and human culture. The first IAO competition was held at the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences located in the north Caucasus of Russia in 1996. Since then, it has been held every year. This paper describes the present status of the IAO main regulations regarding its operation and major results by year, related institutions, and organizations. We created a scientific inquiry framework to analyze past IAO problems in the recognitive aspect in order to measure levels of the scientific knowledges and the scientific thinking abilities. Through this analysis, we can understand the current status of the IAO, and examine the future direction of Korea Astronomy Olympiad. Also, we can make preparation for the IAO competition and the education of delegates.

본 연구의 목적은 2003년에서 2005년도까지 통계청에서 조사한 농산물 생산비 통계와 농가경제통계의 원자료를 이용하여 마늘 생산농가의 기술적 효율성과 그 결정요인을 분석하는데 있다. 분석은 패널자료를 이용하여 기술적 비효율성 효과모형과 확률적 프론티어 생산함수 모형을 이용하여 수행되었다. 2003년에서 2005년 까지 전국적으로 마늘 생산농가의 평균적인 기술적 효율성은 0.772로 추정되었다. 이것은 마늘 생산에 있어 22.8%의 기술적 비효율이 존재하는 것을 의미한다. 이를 바탕으로 마늘 생산농가의 기술적 효율성을 제고할 수 있는 정책대안을 제시하였다.

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), direct decendant of Korea National Astronomy Observatory, has been publishing Korean Astronomical Almanac since in 1976. The almanac contains essential data in our daily lives such as the times of sunrise, sunset, moonrise, and moonset, conversion tables between luni-solar and solar calendars, and so forth. So, we are planning to register Korean astronomical almanac data for national Standard Reference Data(SRD), which is a scientific/technical data whose the reliablity and the accuracy are authorized by scientific analysis and evalution. To be certificated as national SRD, reference data has to satisfy several criteria such as traceability, consistency, uncertainty, and so on. Based on similarity among calculation processes, we classified astronomical almanac data into three groups: Class I, II, and III. We are planning to register them for national SRD in consecutive order. In this study, we analyzed Class I data which is aimed to register in 2009, and presented the results. Firstly, we found that the traceability and the consistency can be ensured by the usage of NASA/JPL DE405 ephemeris and by the comparsion with international data, respectively. To evaluate uncertainty in Class I data, we solved the mathematical model and determined the factors influencing the calculations. As a result, we found that the atmospheric refraction is the main factor and leads to a variation of ±16 seconds in the times of sunrise and sunset. We also briefly review the histories of astronomical almanac data and of standard reference data in Korea.

농림지식검색 전문포털사이트인 그린넷은 농림분야의 지식정보를 체계적으로 수집․분류하여 농업인 등 농업정보 수요자에게 신속하게 제공함으로써 농업․농촌정보화의 촉진과 정보 격차 해소에 기여하여 왔다. 그러나. IT기술의 진보와 더불어 지식검색시스템의 계속적으로 변화, 발전, 진화해 가고 있는 상황을 감안할 때 앞으로 그린넷의 지속적인 컨텐츠 개발과 양질의 정보서비스 제공을 위한 시스템 개선 노력이 요구된다. 이를 위해 기존의 종합탐색형 검색위주의 서비스제공에서 벗어나 농업정보 수용자 그룹별로 보다 실용적이고 유용한 정보를 제공하는 맞춤형 검색서비스나 주요 농림정보 및 사안에 대한 기획검색서비스 제공 등의 기능을 강화할 필요가 있으며, 농업정보 수요자가 키워드 검색시 더욱 정제된 디렉토리 검색 결과가 나타날 수 있도록 해야 한다. 궁극적으로는 농림유관소속기관 및 공공기관의 DB 유치 또는 연계를 통하여 농림지식정보의 공유체계를 확립하는 것이 필요하다.