The layer technique is to produce many memorable scenes by generating layers of new experiences on the existing ones as it is adding the cognitive layers on to the visually seen landscape. Its need is high for places whose landscape itself influences perception, value or expression and which determines the spatial and quality standards. The existing floor plan-based design methods have failed to be useful in generating complex visual experiences. In order to maximize the aesthetical landscape experiences in landscape planning, cognitive layers are needed which complement the input of adequate cognitive elements and the inter-element relationships. Here, layers are utilized to change the arrangement of the landscape elements and coordinate the cognitive flow so that the images could be connected and imagination could occur. A case in point is Anhyun Village in Gochang where physically distinctive layers are additionally set to make a visual experience enriching. The new landscape layers discover the fact that it provides diversity in experiencing the village landscape and forming the sense of beauty and that it is deeply immersed into the daily life of the village. Meanwhile, Guwau Village in Taebaek is an example showing the usefulness of various-layer setting in landscape planning in setting effective circulation planning. That is, the bottom line is the spacing-starting where and making it stay where for a few seconds, and the visual layers. It is also critical to encourage inducing circulation so that layers of the senses stimulating five senses could intervene. Lastly, Mulgeon-ri in Namhae is a case which directly made a parallel of the physical layers of the landscape composition and the cognitive layers of the landscape experience. Artificial landscape planning is mostly about manipulating of visual traits that people feel beautiful, but the layer technique is linked to how to make experiences enriching and renewed.

This study aims at the analyze of unsteady downstream flow due to dam failure along dam failure scenario and applied to Yeoncheon Dam which was collapsed August 1st 1999, using HEC-RAS simulation model. The boundary conditions of this unsteady flow simulation are that dam failure arrival time could be at 02:45 a.m. August 1st 1999 and failure duration time could be also 30 minutes. Downstream 19.5 km from dam site was simulated for unsteady flow analysis in terms of dam failure and non-failure cases. For the parameter calibration, observed data of Jeonkok station were used and roughness coefficient was applied to simulation model. The result of the peak discharge difference was 2,696 to 1,745 m³/sec along the downstream between dam failure and non-failure and also peak elevation of water level showed meanly 0.6m difference. Those results of these studies show that dam failure scenarios for the unknown failure time and duration were rational because most results were coincident with observed records. And also those results and procedure could suggest how and when dam failure occurs and downstream unsteady flow analyzes.

This study aims at the estimation of dam failure time and dam failure scenario analysis of and applied to Yeoncheon Dam which was collapsed August 1st 1999, using HEC-HMS, DAMBRK-FLDWAV simulation model. As the result of the rainfall-runoff simulation, the lancet flood amount of the Yeoncheon Dam site was 10,324 m3/sec and the total outflow was 1,263.90 million m3. For the dam failure time estimation, 13 scenarios were assumed including dam failure duration time and starting time, which reviewed to the runoff results. The simulation time was established with 30 minutes intervals between one o'clock to 4 o'clock in the morning on August 1, 1999 for the setup standard for each case of the dam failure time estimation, considering the arrival time of the flood, when the actually measured water level was sharply raising at Jeongok station area of the Yeoncheon Dam downstream, As results, dam failure arrival time could be estimated at 02:45 a.m., August 1st 1999 and duration time could be also 30 minutes. Those results and procedure could suggest how and when dam failure occurs and analyzes.

This study aims to produce fundamental database for Environment Impact Assessment by monitoring vertical structure of the atmosphere due to the mountain valley wind in spring season. For this, we observed surface and upper meteorological elements in Sangin-dong, Daegu using the rawinsonde and automatic weather system(AWS). In Sangin-dong, the weather condition was largely affected by mountains when compared to city center. The air temperature was low during the night time and day break, and similar to that of city center during the day time. Relative humidity also showed similar trend; high during the night time and day break and similar to that of city center during the day time. Solar radiation was higher than the city, and the daily maximum temperature was observed later than the city. The synoptic wind during the measurement period was west wind. But during the day time, the west wind was joined by the prevailing wind to become stronger than the night time. During the night time and daybreak, the impact of mountain wind lowered the overall temperature, showing strong geographical influence. The vertical structure of the atmosphere in Dalbi valley, Sangin-dong had a sharp change in air temperature, relative humidity, potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature when measured at the upper part of the mixing layer height. The mixing depth was formed at maximum 1896m above the ground, and in the night time, the inversion layer was formed by radiational cooling and cold mountain wind.

교실친화적 도덕교사를 양성해야 할 필요성은 다른 교과와 공유하는 지점과 함께 실천적 목표를 강조할 수 밖에 없는 도덕과의 특성에서 비롯되는 특수한 요청이 덧붙여진다. 이러한 필요성을 구체화하기 위해 먼저 교실친화적 도덕교사상을 제시해 보고자 했는데, 그것은 도덕 수업을 목표에 맞게 이끌어갈 수 있는 교사임에 동시에 진여의 차원을 끊임없이 지향할 수 있는 다르마의 추구자이다. 이러한 도덕교사는 능력 요소로 도덕 교과의 본질을 성찰할 수 있는 능력과 수업을 관장할 수 교과교육적 지식과 기능 등을 포함하는 수업 능력 요소를 중심에 두고 자기개발 능력 등을 함께 갖추고 있어야 한다. 이러한 교실친화적 도?Z교사를 양성하기 위해서는 먼저 교과교육학을 중심에 두고 교과내용학을 통합할 수 있는 윤리교육과 교수진 및 교육과정 구성, 운영이 선행되어야 하고 도덕 수업을 제대로 해낼 수 있는 능력을 갖출 수 있는 실천적 기회를 제공해야 한다. 그런 후에는 이러한 도덕 수업 능력과 생활지도 능력을 통합할 수 있는 기회를 갖게 해야 하고, 마지막으로 이러한 양성 과정이 제대로 평가받을 수 있는 임용제도가 시행되어야 한다.

본 연구에서는 주요국의 교사양성 사례 분석을 실시하여 교실친화적 교사양성 기본체제를 구축하는데 필요한 시사점을 도출하였다. 사례 분석 대상 국가는 핀란드, 미국, 독일, 일본이며, 교사에 대한 관점(철학), 교사양성체제, 교사양성 프로그램 등으 분석 기준으로 하여 국가별 교사양성 사례를 제시하였다. 핀란드는 이론에 기반한 연구자로서의 교사를 양성하기 위해 실제 현장과 접목된 연구 중심 양성체제를 운영하는 것이 주요 특징이며, 미국 미시간 주립대학교 사범대학의 경우에는 교육실습과 현장 인턴제 등 실천 중심 개혁가로서의교사를 양성하기 위한 노력을 진행중이다. 독일의 교원양성체제는 기초학문을 강조하는 것이 특징이며, 일본은 전후 개방제 형식의 교원양성을 택하면서 수업실천과 고나련된 전문성 함양을 목표로 교직과정을 운영하고 있다. 외국 교사양성 사례 분석 결과를 통해, 교사교육의 이론적 기반 확립, 탄력적인 교육과정 운영, 교육 실습 강화, 이론과 실천의 연계 등이 주요 시사점으로 도출되었다.

본 연구의 목적은 체육수업의 맥락에서 여학생들이 어떠한 개별정서를 경험하고, 경험한 정서의 빈도가 어느 정도 인지를 확인하며, 여학생들이 경험한 개별정서의 심리 내적인 과정을 Lazarus의 인지평가이론에 따라 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2명의 여학생을 대상으로 수업일기, 면담, 관찰을 통해 자료를 수집하고 분석하는 사례연구를 수행하였다. 연구의 결과는 첫째, 여학생들은 피구수업에서 자부심(3회), 희망(2회), 공포(3회), 두려움(2회), 수치심(1회), 분노(2회), 행복(4회)을 경험하는 것으로 나타났고, 허들수업에서 슬픔(5회), 분노(1회), 두려움(3회), 행복(1회)을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 여학생들의 개별정서 경험은 체육수업에서의 경험에 대한 개인적 의미를 어떻게 부여하느냐에 따라 다양한 개별정서가 유발되는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구의 결과가 갖는 교육적 의미에 대해 논의하였다.

본 연구에서는 농사일기를 사례로 기후변화가 농작물 생육시기에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 농사일기에 나타난 생육시기를 바탕으로 생육시기 경향을 살펴보고 기후요소와의 관계를 분석하였다. 벼의 파종기는 후반부에 일러지는 경향이 뚜렷하고, 모내기와 수확기는 늦춰지는 경향이다. 그러나 벼의 생육시기는 인위적인 영향이 크게 작용하기 때문에 기후요소와의 관계가 유의하지 않다. 배추의 파종기 및 정식기는 늦춰지는 경향이 뚜렷하며 특히 정식기는 8월 기온과 유의한 관계를 보인다. 즉, 배추는 저온성 작물이기 때문에 8월 기온이 상승할수록 생육시기가 늦춰지며 이것은 더 나아가 배추 생육 저하를 초래할 수 있다. 고추의 파종기와 수확시기는 일러지는 경향이 뚜렷하며, 정식기는 일러지는 경향이다. 유의하지 않지만 고추 정식기는 특히 기온과 높은 부적 상관관계를 나타낸다. 이는 고온성 작물인 고추가 기온이 상승할수록 생육시기가 일러진다는 것을 알 수 있다. 전구적인 기온상승이 예측되고 있고, 지역별로 그 변화가 다르므로 국지적인 지역에 대한 연구가 필요성은 더욱 커질 것이다.

본 논문에서는 용평 스키장의 개장 시기와 제설 작업 조건을 사례로 인접한 대관령 기상 관측 지점의 기후 자료를 이용하여 스키장 초기 제설에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 기후 요소의 변화를 파악하였다. 스키장 개장 시기는 1990년대 들어서면서 점차 일러지며 최근에는 11월 중순에 개장하는 경향이다. 이는 스키가 최근 대중화되어 이용객이 증가하고 인공눈을 만드는 제설 기술이 발달하였기 때문이다. 그러나 개장을 위한 슬로프 형성은 인공눈 형성에 전적으로 의존하므로 관광객 유치에 영향을 미치는 개장 시기를 앞당기기 위해서는 초기 제설 작업이 중요하다. 초기 제설 작업을 위한 유리한 기후 조건은 일최저기온 -1℃ 이하이며 일 평균 상대습도 60~80%에 해당하는 경우이다. 그러나 초기 제설이 이루어지고 있는 10~11월의 기온과 상대습도의 변화는 분석 기간인 1970년대부터 최근까지 감소하는 경향이다. 일최저기온 -1℃ 이하인 날 중 일 평균 상대습도 60~80%에 해당하는 날은 10년에 28일씩 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하며 그 변화가 뚜렷하다. 이는 스키장 관광객을 서둘러서 유치하고자 하는 스키장 경영 관리 측면을 고려할 때 초기 제설 작업의 조건이 점점 불리해지고 있다는 것을 의미한다.

Tourist destination remodeling project is the tourist destination activation program to promote underdeveloped tourist destination that the Ministry of Culture and Sports has been implementing as a pilot program since 2005. Since previous tourist destination development programs focused on developing facilities, they could not quite cope with the changes in the tourism paradigm. Especially for caves, they could not escape from the simple sightseeing for the characteristics of the resource were fit to the caves. These results failed to meet tourist demands to experience and participate that the number of tourists is continuously decreasing. To cope with the circumstances, the government introduced a pilot program, a comprehensive tourist destination reorganization plan designed to comprehensively promote the tourism contents development (software) that can differentiate the region such as the tourism activation programs, tourist destination management and operation system reorganization (humanware) along with the repair of facilities (hardware project). This study emphasized the participation of residents who are the actual subject of management and operation of tourist facilities and programs in the course of establishing the master plan for remodeling for Gossi Cave that it can be used as the reference for establishing remodeling plan based on resident participation in the future.

This study aims to build a model dealing with the location decision of new manufacturing firms and their land demand. The model is composed with 1) the binary logit model structure identifying a future probability of manufacturing firms to locate in a city and their land demand; and 2) the land use suitability of the land demand. The model was empirically tested in the case of Anseong City. We used establishment-level data for the manufacturing industry from the Report on Mining and Manufacturing Survey. 48 industry groups were scrutinized to find the location probability in the city and their land demand via logit model with the dependent variables: number of employment, land capital, building capital, total products, and value-added for a new industry since 2001. It is forecasted that the future land areas (to 2025) for the manufacturing industries in the city are 5.94km2 and additional land demand for clustering the existing industries scattered over the city is 2.lkm2. Five industrial complex locations were identified through the land use suitability analysis.

Gwangyang Bay is often severely confronted by photochemical pollutants due to its location and dense emissions. It is located in a basin on the south coast of the Korean peninsula and is crossed by a remarkable cluster of hills and mountains of a small horizontal scale that forms a channel. Clearly, the air flow field has a great influence on the dispersion of air pollutants. The characteristics of the wind flow patterns have an important effect on the dispersion of pollutants emitted. In these situations, the distribution of the ozone concentration is extremely complicated because of the superposition of circulations of the air flow fields, especially in complex coastal region. In this study, we examined the distribution of the high level ozone on Gwangyang Bay particularly during the episode day (for 5 years). Among these days, A high level ozone was induced by the development of a sea/land breeze local circulation system, as well as by an anabatic/catabatic flow from the mountains and valley with weakening of the synoptic wind. High level ozone distribution pattern(6 types) on Gwangyang bay is analyzed and the comparison of each pattern reveals substantial localized differences in intensity and distribution of ozone concentration from the site coherence and UPA analysis of ozone concentration. The observed VOC concentration had much difference in concentrations and daily variations between Jungdong and Samil.

This study focused on production and distribution situations of Korean organic beef cattle at Hongseong Chungnam. Case Farmers have raised cattle organically based on interchange between a few Consumers" Life Cooperatives(CLC) and them. CLC furnished with funding to purchase calves and bought the cattle beef. However, they have many problems related to procuring organic feed in producing organic beef. Presently, they have used organic byproducts from sowing farming and prepared grass places. But they don"t breed organic beef cattle in a large scale because of the limitation of organic feed output.

The purpose of this study is to examine the aspects and the characteristics of conflict among people in agricultural villages shown in the course of conducting a rural community development project, and to suggest a theoretical basis for the solution of the conflict. various theories on rural community development projects and conflict, and relevant sociopsychological theories were perused to lay a theoretical foundation for the study, and 5 actual cases of conflicts in agricultural experience villages were analyzed in the light of the grounded theory which is one of suitable methods of qualitative research. And comparative and comprehensive analysis of conflicts of different farm villages was done. Based on the result of analysis of conflict among residents on agricultural experience village, this paper suggests some ways for solution of the conflict.