체세포 핵이식은 형질전환 복제 동물 생산과 더불어 그에 따른 바이오 신약의 개발, 장기 생산 등 많은 장점이 있지만, 여전히 체세포 핵이식 동물의 생산성은 임신율이 낮고 비정상 적인 개체의 탄생 등의 문제점이 있다. 그 이유 중 하나로 핵이식에 사용되는 공여세포가 다시 수정란으로 돌아가는 과정에서 후생학적 역분화가 불완전하게 이루어지기 때문이다. 본 연구는 체세포가 유도만능 줄기세포로 역분화하는 과정에서 사용되는 리프로그래밍 전 사인자 (Oct4, Klf4, Sox2와 c-Myc, OKS-M)의 도입과 더불어, 후생학적 변형에 관련된 억 제제 trichostatin A(TSA), 5-aza-20-deoxycytidine(5-aza), GSK-3 inhibitor와 MEK inhibitor (2i)가 복제 수정란에 미치는 영향에 대해서 연구하였다. 젖소 귀 세포에 전사인자 Oct4, Klf4, Sox2와 c-Myc을 도입하였고, 배양 시간이 흐름에 따라 세포크기가 작아짐 (11.72± 3.39, 8.42±4.95, p<0.05)을 볼 수 있었으며, RT-PCR을 통하여 8개의 콜로니 중 4개의 콜 로니에서 외인성 유전자를 발견하였다. 리프로그래밍에 관련된 내인성 유전자의 활성을 증 가시키기 위하여 HDAC 억제제인 trichostatin A (20 nM), DNA methyltransferase 억제제인 5-aza-20-deoxycytidine (10 μM), 줄기세포 분화 경로 억제제인 GSK-3 (3 μM) and MEK (1 μM)를 처리하였다. 4개 중 1개의 콜로니에서 내인성 유전자의 활성이 증가됨을 발견하였 다. H3K9/K14의 acetylation 상태는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 체세포 핵이식의 분 할률에서는 somatic cells이 85.9±8.98%, OKS-M 처리군이 82.0±4.97%, OKS-M을 도입한 체세포에 TSA, 5-aza, 2i 처리군이 각각 88.4±7.89, 75.3±8.10, 74.2±2.90%로 OKS-M과 TSA를 함께 처리하였을 때 가장 높은 분할률을 보였고, 배반포와 상실배기 까지의 발달률 은 somatic cells이 9.6±3.79%, OKS-M 처리군이 12.6±6.54%, OKS-M을 도입한 체세포에 TSA, 5-aza, 2i를 처리하였을 때 각각 11.1±6.87, 20.1±5.89, 9.5±1.53%로 OKS-M과 5- aza 를 함께 처리하였을 때 유의적으로(p<0.05) 가장 높은 발달률을 보였다. 따라서 전사인자의 도입과 후생학적 변형과 관련된 억제제의 처리는 소 복제 수정란의 발달률 향상에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타남에 따라, 앞으로 다양한 억제제와 처리조건에 따 라 복제수정란의 향상을 위한 최적화된 방법을 유도할 필요가 있다.

Tumor cells, especially in a malignant form, proliferate rapidly that blood supply within the tumors becomes limited, leading to a condition of insufficient oxygen supply. Such hypoxic condition is known to impair the viability of cancer cells, but it can also be a factor to facilitate the appearance of cells with a higher degree of malignancy. Indeed, the hypoxic condition created within malignant tumors may contribute to promoting their aggressive behaviors, including tumor invasion and metastasis, and to the development of resistance to various therapeutic modalities such as chemotherapy. Recently, microRNAs, a group of short RNA fragments consisting of 18 to 20 nucleotides, have been shown to participate in regulating genes important for cell survival, differentiation and apoptosis. Since their discovery, modulation of these microRNAs has been a focus of intensive studies with regard to their significance on gene regulation and various aspects of cell biology. In this study, we investigated hypoxia-induced alterations in microRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and discussed consequential gene modulation and relevant cellular responses.

Ameloblastomas are benign odontogenic tumor and the most common neoplasm in jaws and they have locally invasive property and high recurrence rate. Four typical subtypes ameloblastomas are plexiform, follicular, granular cell and acanthomatous type, but their developmental states during tumorigenesis are uncertain. And thus authors studied about developing states of four types of ameloblastomas by immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 8/18 which was an intermediate filament of epithelial cell origin and for vimentin which was an intermediate filament of mesenchymal cell origin, and then by comparative analyses of the results. Authors selected seven cases for every four types of ameloblastomas, and then performed immunohistochemcial staining for cytkeratin 8/18 and vimentin to all selected specimen by using monoclonal antibodies about cytoleratin 8/18 and vimentin, LSAB(Labelled StreptoAvidin Biotin) reactant and HRP(Horse Radish Peroxidase) system. Labelling indices of cytokeratin 8/18 of plexiform and follicular types of ameloblastomas were significantly high values in the group of ameloblast-like cells and labelling indices of cytokeratin 8/18 of all types of ameloblastoma were high values in the group of transformed cells, but their differences were not significant. Labelling index of vimentin of plexiform ameloblastoma was significantly high value in the group of ameloblast-like cells and others showed comparatively lower values. Labelling index of vimentin of granular cell type of ameloblastoma in the group of transformed cells was significantly high value and others showed comparatively lower values. Consequently the most primitive form of ameloblastoma was plexiform, and more differenciated form was follicular type and granular cell type and acanthomatous type were most differenciated form of ameloblastomas

Multinucleated giant cells appear in a variety forms in different types of oral lesion. However, their nature is still not well understood. Thus, to address this issue, the immunohistochemical characteristics of inflammatory giant cells (Langhans’ giant cells in lesions of tuberculosis and foreign body giant cells in odontogenic keratocysts and squamous cell carcinomas) and tumor giant cells in central giant cell granulomas were compared with those of osteoclasts, the normal giant cell, using a panel of macrophage and osteoclast marker antibodies, such as calcitonin receptor (CT-R), c-Src, Cathepsin K (Cath-K), CD14, RANK, and c-fms. The foreign body giant cells around cholesterol clefts in inflamed odontogenic keratocysts revealed more macrophage-like characteristics than the foreign body giant cells resorbing keratin pearls in squamous cell carcinomas. As such, both cases of foreign body giant cell exhibited immunoreactivity for the macrophage markers, such as CD14, RANK, and c-fms, yet only the latter case exhibited immunoreactivity for the osteoclast markers, such as CT-R and c-Src. Moreover, both cases of foreign body giant cells were positive for TRAP activity, yet negative for Cathepsin K activity. In contrast, the other inflammatory giant cells, Langhans’ giant cells, exhibited immunoreactivity for both the macrophage and osteoclast markers, yet were negative for TRAP activity. Meanwhile, the giant cells in the central giant cell granulomas reacted positively to both the macrophage and osteoclast markers, and were also positive for TRAP activity. Accordingly, these findings suggest that the immunoprofiles of giant cells in oral lesions vary according to the nature of the lesion, despite shared osteoclast and macrophage characteristics. Furthermore, the giant cells in tumorous lesions closely associated with bony destruction revealed more osteoclastic characteristics and their enzyme components were different according to the nature of the lesion

Oral squamous cell papillomas(OSCPs) showed various features in their etiology, histology, and prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose differentially according to their pathological examinations. In the present study total 14 cases of OSCPs were evaluated and characterized to be three types of OSCPs, i.e., papillary papilloma, verrucous papilloma, and inverted papilloma. The present study demonstrated that among 14 cases of OSCPs papillary papilloma (n＝6) showed the typical papillary projection of squamous epithelium with severe acanthosis of upper spinous layer cells, accompanying frequent nuclear vacuolization. And verrucous papilloma (n＝7) showed the diffuse acanthosis of whole spinous layer cells with severe basal hyperplasia, resulted in the thick squamous epithelium exhibiting verrucous surface and irregularly ingrowing rete pegs. One case of inverted papilloma showed the typical ingrowth of basal layer cells deeply into underlying connective tissue, resulted in the formation of multiple fissures on the surface area. The present study also revealed the predominant nuclear vacuolization suspicious for viral infection in papillary papilloma, and also heavy smoking history in the verrucous papilloma. On the other hand, as the epithelium of inverted papilloma ingrew into the underlying deep connective tissue up to the muscular layer, it is supposed that the inverted papilloma has a potential of basal layer proliferation strong enough to invade the protecting barrier of underlying connective tissue, or that the underlying connective tissue was too weak to prevent the ingrowth of basal layer epithelium. Taken together, because the OSCPs show heterogenous origins and variable pathological prognosis, it is suggested that the OSCPs should be differentially diagnosed at least into three types, i.e., papillary papilloma, verrucous papilloma, and inverted papilloma.

In this article, we proposed a novel technique to fabricate cell‐culturing scaffold, that is, the hollowcylinder‐ grain assembly technique. This technique uses hollow cylindrical particles with sub‐mm thickness. Firstly, we fabricate PCL (polycaprolactone) hollow cylinder with sub-mm thickness using lab-made stainless steel mold. After that, we put the above-mentioned fabricated particles into a metal mold of which temperature could be controlled with hot plate and heat insulation system. PCL particles in the metal mold could be assembled together without severe collapsing under adequate temperature and time. Consequently, we could fabricate scaffold or foam structure with interconnected‐porosity and observed surface of cross section of fabricated scaffold by SEM.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of the ethanol extract from Chrysanthemum cornarium L. var. spatiosum(CSE) against alloxan-induced oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells, HIT-T15. In this study, the antidiabetic effect of CSE was examined using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliu bromide(MTT) cell proliferation assay, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release assay, NAD+/NADH ratio and insulin secretion. To further investigate whether CSE is involved in the antioxidant activity of alloxan-damaged HIT-T15 cells, its antioxidant effect against alloxan-induced oxidative stress was measured in HIT-T15 cells by determining the levels of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx). The results of this analysis showed that alloxan significantly decreased cell viability, increased LDH leakage, and lowered NAD+/NADH ratio and insulin secretion in HIT-T15 cells. However, CSE significantly increased the viability of alloxan-treated cells and lowered LDH leakage. The intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio and insulin secretion were also significantly increased by 1.7-fold and 1.3-fold, respectively, after treatment with 100 ㎍/㎖ CSE. The HIT-T15 cells treated with alloxan showed significant decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, while CSE significantly elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes. These findings suggest that CSE could have a protective effect against cytotoxicity and dysfunction of pancreatic cells in the presence of alloxan-induced oxidative stress.

Catharanthus roseus로부터 생산되는 빈카알칼로이드는 암을 치료하는 데에 사용되는 가장 중요한 천연물 중의 하나이다. 이러한 항암제는 두 단량체 인돌 알칼로이드인 catharanthine과 vindoline의 결합으로 합성될 수 있다. 이 중 vindoline의 생합성에 관계하는 경로를 조사하기 위해서 tabersonine의 메틸기에 중수소를 치환한 전구체인 tabersonine-CD3 1a를 합성하였다. 이는 중수소의 질량 증가로 인해 자연에서 발생하는 tabersonine과 뚜렷이 구별될 수 있도록 해 준다. 우리는 이 중소소가 치환된 tabersonine 1a가 성공적으로 vindoline 생합성경로에 편입되어 중수소가 치환된 3개의 새로운 vindoline 중간체(2a, 3a와 4a)를 생성함을 보였다. 세포현탁배양액에 tabersonine-CD3 1a를 주입한 5일과 13일째에 생성된 대사물인 16-Hydroxytabersonine-CD3 (m/z 356) 2a, 16-Methoxytabersonine-CD3 (m/z 370) 3a와 16-Methoxy-2,3-dihydro-3- hydroxytabersonine-CD3 (m/z 388) 4a의 생성량을 UPLC/MS를 사용하여 측정하였다. 출발물 1a에서 생성물 2a, 그리고 2a에서 3a로의 전환은 빨랐던 반면 3a에서 4a로의 전환은 상대적으로 훨씬 느렸다. 따라서 각 대사물들의 상대적 전환속도를 서로 비교해 보았을 때 vindoline 생합성 과정의 첫 세 단계 중에서 가장 느린 마지막 단계가 속도결정단계임을 암시한다. 즉 대사물 3a에서 4a로의 느린 전환속도의 결과, 배양 후 13일까지도 3a의 축적률이 현저히 증가됨을 보였다. 배양 5일째의 대사물 2a, 3a와 4a의 축적비는 각각 1, 2와 0.1이었다. 그러나 desacetoxyvindoline-CD3 5a, deacetylvindoline-CD3 6a와 vindoline-CD3 7a의 피크는 배양 13일 후에도 발견되지 않아 세포현탁 배양액에 각 생합성단계와 관련된 효소들이 존재하지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

For reconstituting genetic resource(Korean Native Chicken: KNC) with grem-line chimeric chicken made with cryopreserved biastdermal cells, the experiments were carried out to optimize cryopreservating conditions. Stage X biastdemal cells were collected from KNC embryos and dissociated. Cells were susupended in medium containing cyopretectant and fetal bovine serum(FBS), and distributed into plastic ampules. Cell susupensions were seeded to induce ice formation at —7 ℃ to —35 ℃ at in the experiments, the effect of modification of dissociation way, concentration of FBS and cell density on the vaibility of frezen-thawed cells were investigated by trypan blue exclusion. Then change the way of cell dissociation from pipetting to short time vortexing, viability of frozen-thawed cell tended to be increaced from 29 % to 52 %. Increase concentraition of FBS in frozen medium from 20 % to 80 % made viability of thawed cell from 28 % to 35 %. The viability of thawed cells were 33.9% frozen at 2 embryos/ 0.5ml, and 43.6 % frozen at 20 embryos/0.5 ml. Furthermore, combination of three modifications make big improvement. The viability of frozen-thawed cell was 60 % for combinated method, and 41 % for general method. This result means the advance to practical cryoreservation of blastdermal cell of the KNC(Ogolgye breed).

It has been suggested that Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infections can promote the development and progression of gastric cancer through the modulation of cell cycle regulators such as p27Kip1 and Skp2. p27Kip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that blocks the G1/S transition necessary for cell cycle progression. Skp2 is a component of the ubiquitin ligase complex called SCFSkp2(SKP1-Cullin-F-box), which specifically binds and promotes the degradation of p27Kip1. A low level of p27Kip1 and a high level of Skp2 have been reported in many types of cancers, including gastric cancer. In addition, a decrease in p27Kip1 has been reported in H. pylori-infected specimens. However, data on Skp2 in H. pylori infections are limited. This study examines the changes in the status of Skp2 in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial AGS cells. For this, we stimulated AGS cells with H. pylori(NCTC 11637) at the ratio of 300:1(bacterium:cell) for 6 hours. The results of an immunoprecipitation analysis, followed by a western blot, indicate that the interaction between Skp2 and 14-3-3 was elevated 3 hours after the H. pylori treatment. In addition, there was an increase in cytoplasmic Skp2 after 3 hours, whereas there was no change in the nuclear level. Since it has been reported that interaction with 14-3-3 and the subsequent cytoplasmic translocation of Skp2 can increase its protein stability, increases in the interaction with 14-3-3 and the cytoplasmic Skp2 after the H. pylori treatment can increase the level of Skp2 in AGS cells. This phenomenon may explain, at least to some extent, the mechanism underlying the relationship between H. pylori infections and gastric carcinogenesis.

DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) gene contains three different isoform transcripts, Dnmt1s, Dnmt1o, and Dnmt1p, are produced by alternative usage of multiple first exons. Dnmt1o is specific to oocytes and preimplantation embryos, whereas Dnmt1s is expressed in somatic cells. Here we determined that porcine Dnmt1o gene had differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in 5’-flanking region, while those were not found in the Dnmt1s promoter region. The methylation patterns of the porcine Dnmt1o/Dnmt1s DMRs were investigated using bisulfite sequencing and pyrosequencing analysis through all preimplantation stages from one cell to blastocyst stage in in vivo or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The Dnmt1o DMRs contained 8 CpG sites, which located in —640 bp to —30 bp upstream region from transcription start site of the Dnmt1o gene. The methylation status of 5 CpGs within the Dnmt1o DMRs were distinctively different at each stage from one-cell to blastocyst stage in the in vivo or SCNT, respectively. 55.62% methylation degree of the Dnmt1o DMRs in the in vivo was increased up to 84.38% in the SCNT embryo, moreover, de novo methylation and demethylation occurred during development of porcine embryos from the one-cell stage to the blastocyst stage. However, the DNA methylation states at CpG sites in the Dnmt1s promoter regions were hypomethylated, and dramatically not changed through one-cell to blastocyst stage in the in vivo or SCNT embryos. In the present study, we demonstrated that the DMRs in the promoter region of the porcine Dnmt1o was well conserved, contributing to establishment and maintenance of genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation in early embryonic development.

To understand growth characteristics of eight dominant red tide species (Prorocentrum minimum, Heterocapsa triquetra, Scrippsiella trochoidea, Akashiwo sanguinea, Chattonella marina, Heterosigma akashiwo, Amphidinium carterae and Rhodomonas salina) in the Korean coastal water, the growth rates were examined in relation with the impacts of water temperature and bio-volume. Of these, P. minimum, C. marina, H. akashiwo, A. carterae and R. salina were eurythermal species with relatively high growth rates in a borad ranges (15 to 25􀆆C) of water temperature. On the other hand, the growth rate of H. triquetra, S. trochoidea and A. sanguinea were high in relatively mid temperature (optimum: 25􀆆C) condition. In particular, H. triquetra was well adapted in low temperature of 5 to 15􀆆C, implying that the species can survive and grows even at very low temperature. Based on results of our experiment, the growth characterestics of five eurythermal species and three mid temperature species may have dominated in Korean coastal water during summer season and fall season, respectively. Contrastively, the growth characteristics of H. triquetra make a consistently dominant during the cold winter season. In addition, the growth rates of large bio- volume species were lower than those of small bio-volume species, indicates that growth of single cells of several flagellates might be depended on the cells sizes.

Ti-Ni alloys are widely used in numerous biomedical applications (e.g., orthodontics, cardiovascular science, orthopaedics) due to their distinctive thermomechanical and mechanical properties, such as the shape memory effect, superelasticity and low elastic modulus. In order to increase the biocompatibility of Ti-Ni alloys, many surface modification techniques, such as the sol-gel technique, plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII), laser surface melting, plasma spraying, and chemical vapor deposition, have been employed. In this study, a Ti-49.5Ni (at%) alloy was electrochemically etched in 1M H2SO4+ X (1.5, 2.0, 2.5) wt% HF electrolytes to modify the surface morphology. The morphology, element distribution, crystal structure, roughness and energy of the surface were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive Xray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle analysis. Micro-sized pores were formed on the Ti-49.5Ni (at%) alloy surface by electrochemical etching with 1M H2SO4+ X (1.5, 2.0, 2.5) wt% HF. The volume fractions of the pores were increased by increasing the concentration of the HF electrolytes. Depending on the HF concentration, different pore sizes, heights, surface roughness levels, and surface energy levels were obtained. To investigate the osteoblast adhesion of the electrochemically etched Ti-49.5Ni (at%) alloy, a MTT test was performed. The degree of osteoblast adhesion was increased at a high concentration of HF-treated surface structures.

Metastasis consists of complex cascades and a lot of factors are involved in each step of metastasis. In recent studies, the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in metastasis is suggested. EMT has a feature of epithelial cells conversing into mesenchymal cells morphologically and phenotypically, is a characteristic of malignant and metastatic cells in most cancer. The mesenchymal cells usually show more malignant phenotype, including invasion and metastasis. EMT can play an important role in metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although the role of Snail, slug, other transcriptional factors and E-cadherin are well known in human cancers, there are a few studies on N-cadherin and Twist expression in OSCC. The present study was aimed to analyze the expression of N-cadherin and Twist protein in OSCC from Korean patients. The immunohistochemical stain was performed using 58 primary OSCCs and 6 metastatic OSCCs, and the correlation between the expression of these proteins and clinicopathological parameters of OSCC patients was analyzed. The expression rate of high expression of N-cadherin was observed in 70.4% and Twist in 87.3% of OSCC. The expression of N-cadherin in metastatic OSCC increased than in corresponding primary OSCC (p<0.05). The spearman correlation coefficiency between N-cadherin and Twist was calculated as 0.228. The clinical factors such as lymph node metastasis and survival showed statistically significant correlation between N-cadherin expression. The expression of Twist was correlated with recurrence. In conclusion, the authors suggest that N-cadherin may play an important role in malignant behaviour of OSCC and can be considered as prognostic indicator of OSCC.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops through multistep process, that is, from normal mucosa to hyperplastic area and progressed to dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and finally to invasive carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the histological types of the transitional area from normal oral mucosa to invasive carcinoma for the baseline data to search intermediate end point markers for early detection of OSCC. For this purpose, we reviewed the 85 patients who were diagnosed as OSCC in the Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, from 2002 to 2008. We classified these histopathologic findings by light-microscopy, according to the histologic pattern of transitional areas. As results, stepwise transformation from normal oral mucosa, to dysplasia and to OSCC was shown in 47 patients. Intermittent lesions were seen in 16 patients, in which normal oral mucosa, dysplasia, and OSCC were alternately arranged. Twenty two patients showed abruptly transformed to OSCC from normal oral mucosa. These preliminary data will be used for searching biomarkers for early detection of OSCC.

Cruciferous vegetables including diindolylmethane (DIM) have been shown to have anticancer activity. Especially, DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF used in this study was reported to have more effective and less toxic effects than DIM. However, there is no report presenting their anti-tumorigenic activity in oral cancer. In the present study, we examined the effects of DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF on the cell proliferation and apoptosis in KB human oral cancer cells. DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis evidenced by western blot analysis, DAPI staining and sub-G1 population. This provides the first evidence that DIM-pPhBr and DIM-pPhF originating from cruciferous vegetables induce apoptotic cell death in human oral cancer cells to inhibit cancer cell proliferation.

Recurrence-metastasis status of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue is a challenging oncologic problem. This study examined the expression of E-cadherin/β-catenin cell adhesion complex in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue through an immunohistochemical study. Twenty samples from 15 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, who were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, consisted of primary or recurrent tumors along with matched metastatic lymph nodes were retrieved for immunohistochemical staining and grouped based on recurrence-metastasis status.Differences in stain localization were noted in E-cadherin, β–catenin and phospho β–catenin staining between different tumor groups based on the recurrence-metastasis status. The number of phospho β-catenin stain positive cells was found to have a significant role in survival. E-cadherin confirms its role as a powerful individual differentiation indicator and the role of β-catenin specially the phospho type elicts interest

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator(uPA) bound to urokinase plasminogen activator receptor(uPAR) expression is strongly correlated with the metastatic potential of various tumors by enhancing ECM degradation through plasminogen and matrix metallopreotease activation. But expression of uPA/uPAR in human malignant salivary gland tumors has been rarely reported. The purpose of this study were to investigate mRNA expression and cytologic concentration of uPAR in SGT cell line compared to various cancer cell lines by RT-PCR and ELISA method, and to study migration and adhesion assay. These results would be to apply the pathogenesis and prognosis of malignant salivary gland tumors. All the cell lines(SGT, HN 4, SCC 25, and HeLA) were cultured under DMEM with 10% FBS at 37℃ in a 5% CO2 incubator. We studied a possible association between mRNA expression and cytosolic concentrations of uPAR in SGT cell line compared to various cancer cell lines using RT-PCR and an enzyme-linked immunoassay( ELISA) method. And also cell adhesion and migration assay were done in all the cell lines. In migration assay SGT cell line was about 2.5-4 folds higher than another cell lines. In adhesion assay SGT cell line was about 1.1-2 folds higher than another cell lines. uPAR cytosolic concentrations of SGT cell line was about 3.4-10 folds by ELISA, while mRNA expression was about 2.5-5 folds by RT-PCR. Oral Scc cell lines showed the lowest value. uPAR protein and mRNA expression were correlated with migration and adhesion assay. From the aboving results, high cytosolic concentrations and mRNA expression of uPAR were correlated with migration and adhesion assay. It suggested that this might be a specific marker for malignant potential of SGT cell line and would be contributed to pathogenesis and prognosis of human salivary gland adenocarcinoma

Human umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cell(uMSC) has been known as one of major component to regenerate connective tissues such as bone, cartilage, fat and others. The effect of low(5%), normotensive(20%) oxygen and freezing-thawing damage on proliferation of uMSC were investigated. low oxygen concentration culture of uMSC resulted in enhanced proliferation significantly(p<0.05) than 20% of oxygen culture. After the freezing-thawing injury to uMSC, 5% oxygen culture showed marked proliferation of uMSC than that of 20% oxygen(p<0.05) in the 5th passage of uMSC. Expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide anion 1 and glutathione peroxidase 1 appeared marked in 20% oxygen cultured uMSC, which suggest oxidative stress could induce less proliferation of uMSC. Above findings would suggest prolferation of uMSC in 5% of oxygen will give more yields.

Previous studies suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids with long carbon chains such as eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) have several health benefits. However metabolic consequences of these fatty acids themselves and their regulation of transcriptional activity involving glucose utilization are not well established. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how EPA influx affects cellular lipid accumulation and gene expressions involving de novo lipogenesis in hepatocyte cultures. Compared to oleic acid treatment, EPA treatment showed remarkably decreased cellular TG conversion and accumulation, along with phospholipids at a lower extent. As expected, EPA increased mRNA expression involving fatty acid influx and lipid droplet formation, but did not affect mRNA expression involving glucose utilization. EPA increased transcriptional activity of PPAR-α and glucose responsive transcription factor when transcription factor binding protein was activated. Taken together, these data suggest that EPA decreases lipid accumulation through increases of the β-oxidation pathway without interruption of glucose utilization.