This research is to measure and analyze the thermal performance of the apartment structure and to evaluate and establish standards of thermal insulation defect in order to make the basic data necessary for determining the degree of the thermal performance degradation and for repairing and reinforcing the exterior wall of the existing apartment. Furthermore, it is to predict the part of occurrence of the thermal bridge and condensation at the apartment building structure. On the other one hand, it is also to analyze the degree of thermal insulation performance according to the standards of thermal insulation and elapsed time, through the analysis by the workability of concrete.

This paper presents a series of test result in order to study fire resistance capacity of the Near-Surface-Mounted (NSM) Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) plate, which are tensile test of CFRP under various temperature loading, temperature loading test of epoxy and bond test of NSM CFRP to concrete under various temperature loading. From the tests, it was found that NSM retrofit method had high efficiency in strengthening concrete under ordinary temperature. However, the strength of the system was able to be drastically decreased even a little increase of surrounding temperature. Especially, bond capacity begins to disappear when the surrounding temperature approaches the glass transition temperature of epoxy. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the fire resistance capacity of both fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement and epoxy for bonding in order to develop safe fire resistance design of structure

에너지 절감형 시설 풋고추 전용 품종 개발을 위한 예비실험으로서, 저온 신장성이 좋고 수량 및 품질이 우수한 풋고추 품종을 선발하기 위하여 야간 온도 조절을 통한 품종별 특성의 차이를 조사하였다. 시험은 경남농업기술원 3연동 비닐하우스에서 지난 2년간 수행되었으며, 현재 시판되고 있거나 최근 고추와 육종에서 개발한 품종들을 대상으로 열풍기 야간온도를 13도와 17도로 처리하였고 시험구 배치는 처리별로 난괴법 3반복으로 하였으며 시기별 생육 및 수량을 비교 분석 하였다. 1년차 시험(2011~2012) 결과, 초장은 일반적인 ‘녹광’ 품종의 농가 야간 최저 온도인 17도 처리에서 일반적으로 컸으며, 정경은 반대로 13도 처리에서 전체적으로 굵었다. 수량에 있어서는 일반 품종인 ‘녹광’의 경우 13도와 17도 처리에서 각각 상품과가 1,500(kg/10a)과 1,900이었고 대과종 풋고추인 ‘순한길상’은 각각 2,400과 2,600이었고 ‘롱그린 맛고추’는 각각 3,000과 2,300으로 오히려 저온인 13도 처리구에서 수량이 증가되었다. 고추와 육종의 ‘PNBG6’ 품종도 저온 처리구에서 오히려 수량이 증가하는 결과를 얻었으며 저온처리에 따른 난방비 절감효과는 LNG 사용시 10a당 약 560만원에 달했다. 2년차 시험(2012~2013)에서는 1년차와 동일한 조건에서 저온처리에 대한 수량증대 효과는 없었으나 난방비 절감효과는 10a당 약 890만원으로 저온에서의 수량 손실분을 제하더라도 추가적인 이익을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구를 기초로 선발된 품종들과 저온신장성이 좋은 유전자원 유래의 분리집단을 사용한다면 저온신장성에 대한 유전 연구는 물론 에너지 절감형 풋고추 전용 품종개발이 가능할 것으로 판단되며 이는 종자 산업에서의 저탄소 녹색기술의 표본이 될 것이다.

The plant habitat is moved by change of growth environment due to global warming. And it have to need seed germination and successful settlement of seedling in new habitat. This study aims to supply basic data for predicting change of habitat of Dendropanax morbifera Lev., warm temperate tree in Korea, by global warming. Characteristics of seed germination of D. morbifera was studied in different temperature and light conditions. Firstly, fruit and non-fleshed seed were saw without cold treatment. Second, each fruit and non-fleshed seed were treated in wet cold and dry cold conditions at 4°C for 3 months, and it were saw in 10, 15, 20, 25, 30°C conditions. After cold treatment at 4°C, non-fleshed seed shows high germination ratio of 87%, 53%, 77%, 63%, 23% in 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C, respectively. Also, in filed test, non-fleshed seed was high in 69.2% and in non-light condition. However, it did not shown germinated seed in light condition. In conclusion, germination of D. morbifera mainly controlled by non-light condition in temperature after cold treatment for about 3 months on 4°C.

버네사이트를 25, 40, 60과 80℃ 각각에서 합성하였다. 이들 각 시료에 대해 X-선회절분석을 실시한 결과 합성 온도가 25℃에서 60℃까지 증가 시 X-선회절분석의 피크의 강도가 강해지는 반면 80℃에서는 오히려 피크의 강도가 약해지는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 60℃에서 합성된 버네사이트의 결정도가 상대적으로 가장 높다는 것을 의미한다. 그러나 60과 80℃에서 합성된 버네사이트의 BET 비표면적은 39.4에서 89.7 m2/g로 증가한다. SEM 분석 결과 25℃에서 합성된 버네사이트의 경우 2~500 nm 크기의 구형으로 나타난 반면 합성 온도가 증가함에 따라 판상의 버네사이트가 관찰되었다. 뿐만 아니라, 80℃에서 합성된 버네사이트의 경우 60℃에서 합성된 버네사이트와는 달리 판상의 결정에 많은 다공성을 띠고 있다. 따라서 80℃에서 합성된 버네사이트의 BET 비표면적 증가는 합성된 버네사이트 결정 내 다공성증가에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 합성된 버네사이트의 결정성, 형성 등과 같은 다양한 이화학적 특성은 온도와 같은 영향인자에 의해 매우 민감하게 변화함을 보여주고 있다.

Slaughter of cattle, pigs, and chickens is continuously increasing. Slaughter of chickens has especially increased by approximately 50% from 2003. The quantity of poultry slaughter waste is currently approximately 120,000 tons/year, and undergoes consigned treatment. Via this process, the waste must be used as a resource and an energy source. For this purpose, the waste volume can be reduced and solid fuel can be obtained from the THR (Thermal Hydrolysis Reaction) that consumes a small amount of energy. In this study, The test was conducted at a reaction temperature of 170-220oC and for 1h at the final temperature. According to the CST (Capillary Suction Time) and TTF (Time to Filter) evaluation, the dehydrating efficiency was good after the temperature reached 190oC, and did not significantly differ at the 190oC and higher reaction temperatures. The heating value of the dehydrated solid product was 7,000-7,700 kcal/kg, and its yield rate decreased from approximately 80% to 60% with the increase in the reaction temperature. The results of the BMP test also showed that the anaerobic digestion efficiency decreased at the reaction temperatures of 200oC and higher. From the overall evaluation of the dehydrating efficiency, solid fuel quality, and anaerobic digestion efficiency during the thermal hydrolysis of poultry slaughter waste, it is concluded that the optimal operating temperature is 190oC.

For the investigation of the quality loss of mulberry during distribution, the deterioration rate, microorganism growth, and sensory quality of mulberry kept at 20, 10 and 0℃, respectively, were investigated. Based on the results, the optimum temperature for extending the freshness of mulberry was examined in the temperature range of -1.5 to 1.5℃. The level of mold in the mulberry kept at 20 and 10℃, respectively, was much higher than that kept at 0℃. The quality of the mulberry deteriorated seriously after two days at 20℃, after six days at 10℃, and after 12 days at 0℃. The marketability of mulberry as determined via sensory evaluation was much more prolonged by decreasing the keeping temperature from 20 to 0℃. To extend the freshness of mulberry using these results, the optimum temperature was evaluated at the range of -1.5 to 1.5℃ for 25 days. During storage, the changes in the color and pH of the berry were not significantly different by storage temperature, but the microbial levels and deterioration rate increased in the order of 1.5, 0, and -1.5℃. In particular, the firmness of the mulberry decreased rapidly at 1.5℃, showing a significant difference from the others. The titratable acidity and sugar contents decreased gradually at all the applied temperatures. The anthocyanin content decreased sharply at 1.5℃ but gently changed at -1.5℃. Through the sensory results of this study, it was adjudged that the marketability of mulberry could be maintained about 0.7 times at 1.5℃ and 1.3 times at -1.5℃ compared with the marketability at 0℃, respectively.

A present LSD(limited state design) code for bridge temperature load have applied a uniform standard for various bridge type. In this study, in order to acquire the calculation effective thermal, a steel box girder bridge section specimen with real size dimension was manufactured. And over a year, the temperature data were measured in the sections. Effective temperature within the cross section according to atmospheric temperature were calculated by this experiment data. The analyzed results was very similar correlation when compared with the effective temperature of the Euro Code. Therefore, the effective temperature which calculated based on the present data could be used as the basic data in order to present to the appropriate design criteria for the thermal loads on the domestic bridge design

To strength deteriorated concrete deck by near surface mounted method, energy dissipation capacity of steel plate metallic damper, which has shape modification in existing slit damper, performance test is conducted with the variables of strut height. For the design of damper, the strength, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capacity are evaluated by using test results

The objective of this research is to evaluate the fireproof covering thickness of concrete-filled tube columns(CFT) by finite element results using ABAQUS package program. As a result of this study, there is a huge difference between the analytical results and Korean fire resistance criterion

In this study, for estimation of accurate thermal loading for design and analysis of civil engineering structures analyzed the daily average temperature data which have been observed over the past 50 years by korea meteorological administration. Through statistical analysis of climatic data, presented basic data on the changes in the temperature of domestic unique for the design and analysis of civil engineering structures.

Recently, retrofits by using fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) have been widely performed for strengthening of reinforced concrete structure. However, in spite of the weakness of FRP for fire, the research result of it is not enough for practical use. In korea, fire is most frequent disaster which occurs in building. This means the improved structural capacity of building by a retrofit with FRP may be lost by fire if the FRP was not properly protected from it. This paper present a fire test of concrete block reinforced by FRP. From the test, it was found that the bond capacity of FRP attached to concrete decreased from temperature loading of 65℃.

The sensors currently installed for bridge monitoring are faced with limitations in terms of the application and effectiveness of such systems in current long sized bridges, which are developing rapidly in terms of both size and function. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been noted as an only way to overcome the limitations of such sensors. This is because they have numerous desirable characteristics that outweigh their high cost. However, GNSS installed for bridge monitoring has been used so far only in measurement of bridge displacement. Therefore, in this study, verify the usability of GNSS through correlation analysis between deflection and temperature

In this study, measured data of cable-supported bridge’s thermal expansion and contraction were analyzed. To evaluate structural behaviors by temperature variations, measured data were compared with theoretical values by correlation analysis between thermal movements and temperatures. Additionally, the cumulative displacements were analyzed. Through the analysis of the results, the evaluation methods of cable-supported bridge's thermal expansion and contraction is suggested.