목적:본 연구는 선천성 뇌성마비 환자를 대상으로 경상운동 검사의 신뢰도 및 타당도를 검증하고자 하였다.연구방법:선천성 뇌성마비 편마비 환자로 진단 받은 72명을 대상으로 선행연구에서 제시한 경상운동 검사들의 항목과 점수체계를 재구성하여 경상운동 정도를 평가하였다. 평가된 자료는 Winstep 3.80 version을 사용하여 라쉬분석을 통해 항목과 대상자의 적합도, 항목 난이도, 평정척도, 분리신뢰도를 분석하였다.결과:72명의 뇌성마비 환자 중에 환측에서는 3명, 건측에서는 2명의 환자가 부적합 환자로 나타났다. 각각의 부적합한 대상자를 제외한 69명과 70명의 환자로 항목의 적합도를 분석한 결과, 양측 모두에서 발가락을 사용하여 구슬 잡기 항목이 부적합 판정을 받았다. 항목의 난이도에 대한 분석 결과, 비교적 난이도가 높은 항목은 엄지와 다른 손가락 맞섬하기, 주먹 쥐고 펴기 항목이었으며, 난이도가 낮은 항목은 팔꿈치 굴곡하기, 저항을 이기며 어깨 외전하기 항목으로 나타났다. 평정척도 분석 결과, 4점 척도가 적합한 범주임을 확인하였다. 또한 대상자와 항목의 분리신뢰도는 .90이상의 우수한 값으로 분석되었다.결론:본 연구를 통해 검증된 경상운동 검사가 임상적으로 유용하게 사용되기를 기대하며, 향후 연구에서는 다양한 신경학적 질환의 환자를 대상으로 한 연구가 진행될 필요가 있다.

1962년 4월 비구, 대처 양측의 합의로 통합종단이 세워졌다. 그러 나 서로의 생각이 달랐던 양측은 1970년 5월 다시 분종되었다. 이런 불교계 내부의 안일과 무기력을 목격한 젊은 불자들은 불교현실에 대한 비판과 함께 새로운 불교운동을 지향하게 되었다. 이런 움직임 은 지금까지 지배자의 편에 섰던 불교가 피지배자를 위한 종교로 전 환하는 진보적 인식의 시작이었다. 기성불교에 대한 비판적 시각을 갖고 불교의 교리를 현대적으로 적용하여 불교가 지향하는 세계를 창출하려 하였다. 70년대와 80년대 기성불교에 대한 변화를 주장한 민중불교와 승가 자주화 운동은 오랜 역사 속에서 보수성을 지향한 한국불교를 자각 시켰다. 불교 본연의 자세를 찾고 가르침대로 실천하여 개인적 안녕 과 행복만을 기원하는 신앙이 아니라, 이 나라 이 사회를 구성하는 민중들의 삶과 행복을 창출하는 불교가 되어야 한다고 주장하여 많 은 반향을 일으켰다. 70, 80년대 이런 역량의 축적은 90년대 한국불 교가 권력화 되는 것을 제지하는 힘이 되었다. 70, 80년대 불교운동이 대중성과 지속성을 상실하면서 90년대 불 교계는 다시 보수화 되고 종권을 놓고 권력화가 일어나게 되었다. 이 런 불교의 권력화에 분연히 일어난 것이 90년대 개혁운동이다. 그러 면서 90년대 개혁운동은 이런 역사적 가치를 어떻게 지속적으로 유 지할 것인가 새로운 고민이 남겨 놓았다. 그런 노력이 부족한 종교는 퇴보할 수밖에 없는 것이 현실이기 때문이다.

From ancient soldier to mordern athletes, it has been discussed that some oral appliance have enhanced performance and decreased stress or improve strength. Since mouth guard was used by Italien Boxer on 1930’s for prevent of orofacial injury, some investigators have researched the co-relationship between jaw position and strength. This experiment was performed to study the relationship between mouth guard and E.M.G. 20 Taekwondo students were participated in this study. They were wearing Mouth guard and checked Brachialis physical activity by E.M.G. The muscle activity of mouth guard wearing group was higher than that of non-wearing group.

본 연구는 학교의 옥외공간 중 학생들의 휴식 및 활동량이 가장 많고, 높은 열과 낮은 열을 가지는 운동장 및 녹지공간을 대상으로 열적 쾌적성 지표 중 UTCI, PMV, WBGT를 이용하여 학생들이 느끼는 열적 쾌적성을 비교 ․ 분석하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 인천광역시 학교시설(3개교)을 대상으로 하였으며, 조사기간은 2013년 7 ~ 8월까지 실시하였다. 측정항목으로 열적 쾌적성 지표의 경우 UTCI, PMV, WBGT를, 녹지구조는 녹피율과 녹지용적계수를 측정하였다. 학교별 녹지용적계수는 A학교(4.71㎥/㎡) > B학교(3.34㎥/㎡) > C학교(0.38㎥/㎡)의 순이었으며 학교별 열적 쾌적성 지표를 살펴보면, UTCI는 녹지공간 32.30~35.68℃, 운동장 40.66~42.94℃, PMV수치는 녹지공간 1.76~2.66이었으며 운동장은 모두 3으로 나타났다. WBGT는 녹지공간 26.15~31.38℃, 운동장 31.67~34.53℃이었다. 3개 지표 모두 녹지공간 대비 운동장에서 매우 불쾌적한 수준이었다. 열적 쾌적성 및 녹지와의 상관분석결과, 열적 쾌적성 지표인 UTCI, PMV, WBGT 모두 일사, 흑구온도와는 정의 상관관계를, 녹피율 및 녹지용적계수와는 부의 상관관계로 나타났다.

Pneumatic exercise equipment is a device used for physical exercise. The difference to regular weights or exercise equipment is that the weight stacks, wires and other moving parts are replaced with a pneumatic cylinder whose resistance can be adjusted with air pressure. In this study, power pattern of the equipment in the various pneumatics and the effectiveness of the system were investigated.

Mao's awareness about intellectual is very important. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mao’s awareness about Chinese intellectuals has influenced their fate. If so, what did Mao’s awareness about Chinese intellectuals come to get change? To do this, we need to study the issues of Mao’s awareness about Chinese intellectuals from 1920’s. In this paper, studied the issues of Mao’s awareness about Chinese intellectuals until Yanan days. Mao's early recognition of the revolutionary movement was very practical, balanced and had recognized. At that times, Mao’s awareness about Chinese intellectuals is as follows: “Intellectuals of Petit bourgeois are very fluctuating political group. Nevertheless, the revolution can not succeed without intellectuals. So we muse welcome the intellectuals to participate in the revolution.” But in 1942 the works of Yanan, their target of criticism was the wrong choice. Literary criticism is the enemy and must be satire. Intellectuals should be to identify the enemy and friend. Mao’s awareness about the intellectuals have changed from practical aspects to absolute principle.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combined exercise training during 12weeks on physical fitness, body composition and bone mineral density in university students. Nineteen male university students who were enrolled of 1st grade at department of physical education in Korea National University of Education were participated in this experiment. Subjects were performed combined exercise training - running, physical training using plyometrics and resistance training - of 5days per week, 70min per 1 time, during 12weeks. The measurement items were health related fitness(muscle strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility), motor skill fitness(power, balance), body composition(% body fat, muscle mass) and bone mineral density(T-score). On the basis of the results analyzed in this study and consideration of many pre studies related it, the result were as follows. First, data analysis of 12 week combined exercise training on health related fitness, post level was revealed more significant increase than pre level at muscle strength(p<.05), muscular endurance(p<.05), cardiovascular endurance(p<.001) and flexibility(p<.05). Second, data analysis of 12 week combined exercise training on motor skill fitness, It was not revealed significant differences between the pre and the post level of the power and balance). Third, data analysis of 12 week combined exercise training on body composition, post level revealed more significant improvement than pre level at muscle mass(p<.05), but It was not revealed significant differences between the pre and the post level of the % body fat. Fourth, data analysis of 12 week combined exercise training on bone mineral density, post level revealed more significant improvement than pre level at T-score(p<.05). In conclusion, It was revealed that 12 week combined exercise training increased physical fitness, and improved body composition and bone mineral density. I hope that more studies will be followed on physical fitness, body composition and bone mineral density on various exercise types, exercise intensity, time and frequency in university students in the future.

본 연구는 질적 연구로서 대학교육의 일환으로 부각되고 있는 볼룸 댄스(Ballroom Dance)와 댄스스포트(DanceSport)의 교육방법 및 교수자료 개발이라는 맥락에서 서울에 위치한 S대학교 학생들을 중심으로 실시되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 룸바의 기본 동작들을 본 연구자가 라반동작 분석과 바르테니에프 기본원 리를 토대로 개발한 무한 신체 운동 시스템(ISES)과 발레 탄듀를 적용했을 때 발생되는 결과를 알아보는 것이었다. 본 연구에서 참여자들의 근본적 룸바 움직임이 특징적 탄듀의 미적 동작과 무한 신체 운동 시스템의 안전적 적용을 통하여 증진된다는 결과를 도출했다. 따라서 발레 탄듀 와 무한 신체 운동 시스템은 기본적 룸바 움직임에 유익하며, 특히 앞, 뒤, 옆, 그리고 제자리에 서 이루어지는 기본적인 체중이동에 효과적이었다. 그러나 본 연구는 다섯 명이라는 특정 참여 자들에 관한 사례연구로써 일반화하기에는 주의가 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 자연스럽게 룸바의 움직임을 촉진하고, 효과적으로 기본 동작을 수행하는데 다 음과 같은 세 가지의 핵심 요소들로 함축할 수 있다는 결과를 얻었다. 이러한 요소들은‘발레의 움직임 기반과 무한 신체 운동 시스템 및 룸바’,‘발레 탄듀의 특성 및 룸바’,‘미적 부문의 상 승’ 등이다. 본 연구를 통해 발레, 무한 신체 운동 시스템, 그리고 룸바에는 각각 고유의 움직임 테크닉들이 존재하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 이 유형들의 움직임 간에는 서로 밀접한 관계 를 형성하고 있음을 발견할 수 있었고, 각 유형의 움직임들은 서로 다른 유형의 움직임에 긍정 적인 도움을 주고 있음을 알아냈다. 본 연구에서 제시된 교육방법과 교수자료는 교육과 학습을 위한 대학교육의 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다

The purpose of this study was to verify the change in temperature·humidity·perspiration of fire suit when applying phased intensive exercises to fire fighter wearing fire suit. For this study, three male fire fighters took basic physical test and performed 10 minute phased intensive exercises -exercise intensity I (30%VO2max), exercise intensity II (45%VO2max), exercise intensity III (60%VO2max) based on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max)- wearing fire suit (helmet, boots, air respirator) in treadmill and took a rest. The result of study shows that the temperature in the suit elevated during stabilization period after each exercise intensity, humidity elevated as exercise intensity increased, perspiration elevated as exercise intensity increased.

This study was to inspect how the portfolio assessment in physical education classes affects the learning attitude and the improvement of motor skills. The experimental group of 40 students utilized the portfolio assessment and the control group of 40 students were tested with a traditional assessment. A test paper on learning attitude and a measure on assessment of motor skills was estimated of reliability and validity. After a vaulting horse-rolling instructions were practiced 11 sessions for 4 weeks that the experimental group were tested with portfolio assessment. The control group were tested with traditional assessment. Each group took a posttest about learning attitude and motor skills. The collected data through the posttest were analyzed with t-test. The findings of this study could be listed as follows; First, the learning attitude of experimental group using the portfolio assessment was better than the control group, and the difference was significant statistically. Second, the motor skills of experimental group using the portfolio assessment were better than the control group, and the difference was significant statistically.

This study investigated factors affecting the behavior hurdles by six male high school student athletes and six average high school students using the ground reaction force and video analysis equipment. The conclusions by comparative analysis of kinematic and kinetic elements for stable operation of the high school men's hurdles to help effective guidance are as follows. 1. The analysis of Kinematics. First, required time of the athlete by all each section in the duration from ground of the stamping foot to stamping of landing foot appeared to be shorter than average students. Second, variation of height in variable distance from the center of the body changes the height of the cloud initiative is high ground and not out in the player. After that, the highest score of body-centered rather was recorded by general student. However, athlete showed higher score again in landing and stamping by landing foot. Third, athlete showed higher sway velocities in all section at variable speed. General students showed higher landing speed at the landing position. Fourth, athlete maintains the leaning forward upper body position at the stamping and landing situation. Especially in the highest score in body-centered, athlete showed over 20 degree than general students. Fifth, Athlete showed faster angular view than general student in all section. 2. The analysis of kinetic variable First, the athlete exerts rear position in the variation of before and after ground reaction force of stamping foot. In contrast, general student exerts front position. Second, Fx, Fy, Fz of the resultant change in the maximum measurement of R (max) values in the ground reaction force of stamping foot showed much stronger stamping food force in athletes than in the general student. Third, athlete and general student exerts outside and inside direction, respectively, at the variation of ground reaction force from landing and stamping position. Forth, athlete recorded higher than 1.5 time than general student at the variation of combined force of Fx, Fy, and Fz of ground reaction force of laning foot. In conclusion, the instruction of raising stamping foot to the forward direction to lean the upper body in the forward is needed for the general student to natural hurdle action. At that time, undisturbed balance at the center body must be maintained by both arms and flexibility training should be concurrent for forward dirction attention. General student should practice to roll shortly and strongly when they are stamping. In order to instruct the student proper posture through the hurdles classes, the exercises for basic strength and flexibility should be conducted simultaneously. Also, the instruction will be effective, if let the students practice the hurdle motion with understanding of principle of the body for jump.

There are various reasons for the phenomenon of "campaign-style governance" in the regulation on Chinese content industry. The first is "path dependence" of traditional regulation; The next is the lag of legal system construction; The third factor lies in the unique design of multiple regulatory system in china. It will be Performance for the fuzzy regulatory power configuration, which not only makes the imbalance of regulatory encouragement and restriction, but also results in the struggle phenomenon of regulatory power. Learning from the successful experience of the western independent regulatory agencies, Chinese government will accelerate the reform in the cultural system. The Chinese regulator of content industry will be based on the horizontal integration, and it is necessary to clarify configuration of the vertical power. It will be eventually pointed to the relatively independent regulator of Chinese content industry, so as to break the vicious circle of "campaign-style governance".

1950年6月25日，韩国战争的爆发是一个不仅影响到朝鲜半岛和东亚的 国际政治形势，而且还影响到全世界冷战格局形成的大事件。这场战争的爆 发对刚建立不久的新中国来说是一个重大的突发事件，当时，新中国成立还 不到一年，初生的共和国面临的形势依然相当严峻，还存在着很多困难。经 过了多年战争之后，人民刚刚得到和平和稳定，国家刚开始进入经济的全面 恢复时期。如此的情况下，对美国作战，除了物质上的消耗以外，还得考虑 美国向中国大陆宣战的可能性: 韩国战争刚爆发不久美国军事就已经介入台 湾海峡，新中国不可避免地使自己站到了美国的对立面。中国共产党作出" 抗美援朝，保家卫国"的决策，中共开展了一场全国范围的群众运动，这就 是"抗美援朝运动"。≪人民日报≫作为中国共产党的党报，1950年6月至 1953年完全投入了"抗美援朝运动"的宣传，还扮演了领导的角色。韩国战争 和"抗美援朝运动"对50年代初期中国诗歌创作也产生了广泛的影响。"抗美 援朝运动"要求文学界积极参与，在1950年下半年至1953年之间，这一运动 成为了诗歌创作的最重要主题。在"这一伟大的主题"下，产生了大量的"抗 美援朝诗歌"。 本文将探讨韩国战争时期中国的"抗美援朝运动"的发展和"抗美援朝诗 歌"的产生之间的关系。再说这也就是考察韩国战争时期中国诗歌创作和政 治之间的特殊关系的一个过程。因此作为中共党报的≪人民日报≫和它的副 刊所发表的诗歌为这一研究课题可以提供比较有效的资料。

World evangelization needs to be conducted by both older churches (sending churches) and younger churches (receiving churches) because the distinction between the former and the latter has disappeared. God uses great resources from the younger churches for world evangelization.The church, defined as all Christian churches without regard to denominational distinction, needs to understand the urgency of the evangelistic task. More than two-thirds of mankind have yet to be evangelized and there is a great receptivity to the gospel in many parts of the world. The church should be ashamed that so many souls have been neglected and unreached for Christ.The church needs to understand the significance of evangelism as it relates to different world cultures. Missionaries need to be sensitive to different cultures through which the gospel can be effectively communicated to different people groups. The gospel message needs to be presented in such a way that it can be meaningful to the people.The church needs to develop indigenous leadership to enable native leaders in every country to evangelize their people, plant the indigenous churches according to their needs, and extend God's kingdom. Christian leaders are not born but made through appropriate training and education. The church needs to follow Jesus Christ in terms of making disciples of all nations.The church needs to understand the spiritual conflict involved when the church is active in world evangelization. Churches are engaged in constant spiritual warfare with the principalities and powers of evil seeking to overthrow the Lord's church and frustrate its mission of world evangelization. The church needs to equip itself with the word of God and prayer.The church needs to understand the importance of religious freedom and the seriousness of religious persecution throughout the world. The church needs to pray for world leaders and call upon them to guarantee freedom of thought, conscience, and freedom to practice and propagate religion according to God's will. The church needs to understand the power of the Holy Spirit and to believe the Holy Spirit will help the church to effectively carry out world evangelization. World evangelization calls for conviction of sin, faith in Christ, a new birth, and Christian growth. The church needs to be filled with the Holy Spirit to become the true missionary church.The church needs to believe in the imminent return of the Lord Jesus Christ to consummate His salvation and His judgement. The church needs to remember that God will perfect His kingdom which anticipates the new heaven and new earth where righteousness will dwell and God will rule forever.The Lausanne Movement for World Evangelization is based on the Great Commission and the Great Commandment. The Lausanne theology of missions is based upon the Lausanne Covenant, the Manila Manifesto, and the Capetown Commitment which were officially adopted as the promise, the declaration, and the devotion of the church to carry out the world evangelization until the return of Jesus Christ.

Globally, smart phones have been rapidly distributed, which has led to changes in people's life cycle. Most people who are under 60 are supposed to use smart phones. Additionally, as the ratio of people who are interested in physical exercise is increasing, some applications for smart phones can manage dividual's exercise with the web servers. However, most of them can only check how much individual works out and cannot compare other's body type and life environment. Moreover, users cannot share their own data with others. This paper proposed the system which can resolve those kinds of problems through data mining techniques. The suggested model will have ability to figure out the relation between body type and the amount of exercise, find out if his work is proper from the result of classification and can pick out the features which is common to people who have similar body type and the amount of workout by applying data mining techiques. This model also will be able to recommend the proper amount of workout to each individual in order that they keep good health state efficiently.

오디, 누에를 활용한 운동보조제 개발을 위해 8주간의 사다리를 이용한 점진적 저항성 운동과 더불어 오디분말, 오디추출물, 누에분말의 섭취가 수컷 흰쥐의 골격 근에서 NCOA4와 UCP-3 mRNA의 발현에 효과가 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 6주 령의 수컷 흰쥐 50두를 시료 투여 및 저항성 운동 여부에 따라 대조군, 운동군, 오디 분말 운동군, 오디추출물 운동군, 누에분말 운동군으로 설정하였다. 저항성 운동 방법은 1주간 맨몸 사다리 운동을 거친 후 7주간 주당 2일, 1일 10회씩 점진적인 과 부하 하에서 실시하였다. 오른쪽 뒷다리에서 장무지굴근을 적출한 후 RNA 추출 및 cDNA를 합성하였고 NCOA4와 UCP-3 mRNA를 특이적으로 검출하도록 디자 인된 시발체와 탐색자를 구입하여 housekeeping 유전자인 18s rRNA와 함께 증폭 하였다. 2-ΔΔCt법을 통해 상대정량하여 골격근 내 발현 정도를 배수변화로 비교하 였다. NCOA4 mRNA의 경우 대조군에 비해 모든 저항성 훈련집단에서 유의한 차 이를 보였으며 운동군(3.18±0.51)에 비해 특히 누에분말 운동군(17.62±1.99)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. UCP-3의 경우 운동군(1.38±0.12)과 비교하여 누에분말 운 동군(2.28±0.34)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 본 실험을 통해 누에의 섭취가 저항성 운동 동안 근비대 관련 유전자인 NCOA4와 UCP-3 mRNA발현을 유의하게 증가 시키는 것으로 나타났으며 추후 운동보조제 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있 을 것으로 판단된다.

This study is conducted to compare the problems affecting dietary habits and health status between a long-term exercise group and non-exercise group of males older than 50 years. Most subjects of the two groups consider regular exercise to be the most important factor for maintaining health, and recognize hypertension as the number one concern. The most common nutritional supplement among subjects is multiple vitamins, and sleeping time range from 6~8 hours. Breakfast fasting rate was 15.9% among non-exercise group (NEG), where overeating and eating out rates were higher among exercise group (EG) when comparing to NEG. Fasting rates of breakfast, and consumption rates of milk and dairy products, vegetables such as kimchi, and fruits and fruit juices are higher among the EG. Overeating and eating out rates are lower among NEG, whereas eating rates of proteins like meat, fish, eggs, beans, fried foods, high-fat meats carbonated drinks, ice cream, and salt intakes are higher. Rates of health, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes are higher among EG. Energy intakes among the two groups were below the standard level, Vitamin B2 intake is low in EG, and folic acid and calcium intakes were higher in NEG. The exercising group care more about health, eating habits and nutrient intakes, and low smoking rates are being observed. Thus, specific dietary improvement programs for adult men, are required, and it is necessary to consider the practice of nutrition education.

The aim of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity levels of the scapular upward rotators [upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA)] and other scapular muscles [posterior deltoid (PD), levator scapulae (LS), and infraspinatus (IS)] during isometric lower trapezius exercises. Twenty males with no medical history of shoulder pain or upper extremity disorders were recruited for this study. EMG activity was recorded from the UT, LT, SA, PD, LS, and IS while subjects performed three different exercises: Prone arm lift (PAL), Backward rocking diagonal arm lift (BRDAL), Modified Prone Cobra (MPC). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine any significant differences among the three exercises. A lower relative activation of UT, LT, and SA was seen with the MPC than with the other exercises (p<.05). The relatively lower activation of the UT identified, the MPC exercise as the preferred choice for preferential strengthening the LT (p<.05). However, a higher activation in the PD, LS, and IS occurred with the MPC than with the other exercises (p>.05). The recruitment pattern of synergist varied depending on the exercise posture. These findings suggest that exercise posture is an important factor in the selection of strengthening exercise for weak muscle.