감자녹말에 에탄올-열처리를 통해 제조한 무정형입자 감자녹말(Amorphous Granular Potato Starch,AGPS)과 가교화 제를 사용하여 제조한 가교화 무정형입자 감자녹말(Cross-linked Amorphous Granular Potato Starch, CL-AGPS)의 물리 화학적 특성을 연구하였다. AGPS는 10g의 일반감자녹말을 100mL EtOH (53%)에 분산시킨 후 94°C에서 20분간 가열 하였다. CL-AGPS는 일반 감자녹말을 sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP)와 Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)을 혼합(99:1) 한 것을 녹말고형분 대비 12%를 첨가하여 변성시켰다. 가교화된 녹말은 증류수와 섞어 15% 현탁액으로 제조하여 94°C에서 2분간 가열하였다. AGPS와CL-AGPS 모두 EtOH수세를3회 반복하였고, 건조는 40°C에서 24시간 하였다. Granule structure는 편광 및 전자현미경을 이용하여 분석하였다. AGPS와 CL-AGPS모두 부피가 커졌고 표면에 상처가 생겼지만 Granule 모양을 유지하였고 복굴절성은 소실되었다. Apparent viscosity는 일반감자녹말이 제일 낮게 나왔고 그 다음은 AGPS, CL-AGPS순으로 측정되었다. DSC 분석결과 일반감자녹말은 57°C부근부터 호화피크를 보였고 AGPS와 CL-AGPS는 호화피크를 보이지 않았다. X-ray diffraction 분석 결과 일반감자녹말은 전형적인 B-type crystal pattern을 보였다. AGPS와 CL-AGPS는 무정형 패턴(V-type)을 보였다. AGPS경우 25°C에서 일반감자녹말보다 용해도 가 높지만 60°C, 90°C에선 더 낮게 나왔다. 이것을 통해 호화온도 이상에서는 AGPS가 용해도를 억제 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 호화특성은 일반감자녹말이 AGPS로 되었을 때 pasting temperature가 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 점도 가 증가하는 시간이 늦춰졌으며 최고점도가 나타나는 시간이 증가한 것을 알수 있었다. CL-AGPS의 경우 cross-liking 의 영향으로 열처리를 하여도 입자가 파괴되지 않아 점도가 증가하지 않고 아예 점도가 생성되지 않았다. Final viscosity의 경우에는 AGPS의 최종 점도가 native potato starch와 CL-AGPS보다 높았다. 물리화학적 특성을 알아본 결 과 AGPS와 CL-AGPS 모두 Granule 모양을 유지하며 복굴절성은 없고 호화피크가 보이지 않았다. AGPS의 경우 호화 온도 이상에서 점도가 증가하는 특징과 일반감자녹말보다 겉보기 점도가 높은 특성을 보여 다양한 산업에서 널리 사 용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 유연성을 갖는 전극 제조를 위해 산 처리된 단일벽 탄소나노튜브 (Acid treated-SWCNTs)를 금이 코팅된 PET 기판 위에 스프레이 코팅하였다. 단일벽 탄소나노튜브가 가지는 단점을 보완하기 위하여 산 처리 공정을 이용하여 나노튜브에 작용기를 도입하여 분산성을 극대화 시켰 으며 전기화학적 특성을 향상 시켰다. 스프레이 기술을 이용하여 제조된 유연성을 갖는 단일벽 탄소나노 튜브 기반의 전극을 1 M의 황산 전해질에서 순환 전압 전류법, 임피던스 분광법 그리고 충·방전 시험을 통하여 전기화학적 특성을 분석 하였다. 그 결과, 응력을 가하지 않은 전극의 전기 용량값은 67 F․g-1로 측정 되었으며, 1000번의 충·방전 시험 후에는 전기 용량값이 63 F․g-1 (94 % 유지)로 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 이에 반하여, 탄소나노튜브 기반의 플렉시블 전극은 500번의 굽힘 시험 (bending test)과 6000 번의 충·방전 시험 후에는 초기의 전기 용량값 (67 F․g-1)이 유지되는 결과를 얻었다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing ratio of olive oil, parmesan cheese, and nuts for preparation of pesto with spinach. Based on a surface response methodology (RSM), the independent variables were olive oil (100~300 g), parmesan cheese (25~75 g) and nuts (12~36 g). The dependent variables were physico-chemical properties as pH, color values (L, a, and b values), viscosity and sensory evaluation. pH decreased with increasing parmesan cheese levels. The L value decreased and the a and b values increased with increasing olive oil levels. Viscosity was negatively correlated with olive oil levels but positively correlated with the amounts of parmesan cheese and nuts. The addition of oil exerted a positive effect on gloss, and oily taste. In the sensory evaluation, the values of appearance, color, flavor, taste and overall acceptance were in the range of 4.4~7.2, 3.7~7.4, 4.4~7.1, 3.9~7.3 and 3.5~7.6, respectively. The sensory evaluation results showed significant values in appearance (p<0.01), flavor (p<0.01), taste (p<0.01) and overall acceptance (p<0.05). The optimal amounts of spinach pesto with olive oil, parmesan cheese, and nuts were determined by numerical optimization of a canonical model and graphical optimization. The optimal amounts were 175.29 g of olive oil, 49.51 g parmesan cheese, and 27.37 g of nuts per 100 g of spinach.

This study was performed to develop and evaluate beverage prepared with optimally roasted seoritae to maximize the isoflavone content and antioxidant activities of the beverage. Isoflavone content was maximized at the roasting temperature of 110℃ for 20 min. Both DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity along with total polyphenol content were highest when seoritae was roasted at 110℃ for 20 min. Western blotting was used to determine the level of nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1(NFATc1) involved in controlling osteoclast differentiation. The results showed that NFATc1 had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect when the RoS110 (roasted seoritae at 110℃ for 20 min) samples were processed at varying concentrations (10, 50, and 100 μg/mL). Tea samples were prepared from optimally roasted seoritae by varying brewing times (5~90 min) at 65℃, and tea brewed for 60 min had the highest preference with 65℃ as the preferred temperature for drinking.

Recently, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases including high blood pressure and heart disease has increased with increased meat consumption in Korea. This study was performed to determine the optimal mixing ratio among ratios of 0, 1:0, 0:1, 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2 of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder based on the anti-inflammatory effects. Then, the quality characteristics of the sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratios (0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder were assessed. The inhibitory effects of ML2MF1 (2:1 ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder) on NO and TNF-α production were superior to those of other mixing ratios. With respect to color values of the sauce for meat prepared with different mixing ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder, as the mulberry fruit powder mixing ratios was increased, redness was increased but lightness and yellowness were decreased. The sensory evaluation of ML1MF5S (1:5 ratio of mulberry leaf powder to mulberry fruit powder) sauce for meat showed the highest score with respect to color, smell, taste, harmony with meat and the overall preference. In conclusion, as the mulberry leaf powder mixing ratio was increased, the anti-inflammatory activities were increased. But sensory evaluation scores were increased as the mulberry fruit powder mixing ratio was increased. Therefore, by performing further study, the method to increase mulberry leaf powder in the mixing ratio for improving the sensory evaluation should be provided.

본 연구에서는 알킬체인의 길이가 서로 다른 benzyltrialkylammonium chloride계 화합물을 합성하여 리포좀 제조에 응용하였다. 제조된 리포좀의 평균 입도분포, 제타전위, 방출거동 및 항균성을 조사하였으며, 사슬 길이에 따른 특성을 비교하였다.리포좀의 평균 입도는 120~140 nm의 크기분포를 가졌으며 소수성 사슬의 길이가 증가할수록 큰 입 자크기를 가졌다. 리포좀 용액의 제타전위는 양이온성 계면활성제인 benzyltrialkylammonium chloride를 첨가함에 따라 +80~90 mV의 값을 가지며 향상된 분산 안정성을 보였다. 방출거동에서는 사슬 길이에 따라 방출 속도를 조절할 수 있었으며 긴 사슬의 계면활성제를 첨가한 리포좀은 증가된 서방형 방출특 성을 보였다. 또한, 리포좀의 포집효율은 25.9~27.5% 이었다.

Optimizing energy usage for maximum efficiency is an essential goal for manufacturing plants in every industrial manufacturing sector. The generation and distribution of purifying compressed air is a large expense incurred in practically all manufacturing processes. Not only is the generation and treatment expensive equipment of compressed air, but frequent maintenance and effective operation is also required. As a plant’s compressed air system is often an integral part of the production process, it needs to be reliable, efficient, and easy to be maintain. In this paper, we study to find operating method to save energy from the adsorption dryer in the process of purifying compressed air, which is required for a clean room production site in “A” company. The compressed air passes through a pressure vessel with two “towers” filled with a material such as activated alumina, silica gel, molecular sieve or other desiccant material. This desiccant material attracts the water from the compressed air via adsorption. As the water clings to the desiccant, the desiccant particle becomes saturated. Therefore, Adsorption dryer is an extremely significant facility which removes the moisture in the air 70℃ below the dew point temperature while using a lot of energy. Also, the energy consumption of the adsorption dryer can be varied by various operating conditions (time, pressure, temperature, etc). Therefore, based on existing operating experiments, we have searched operating condition to maximize energy saving by changing operating conditions of the facility. However, due to a short experiment period (from September to October), further research will be focused on considering seasonality.

Industry 4.0’s goal is the ‘Smart Factory’ that integrates and controls production process, procurement, distribution and service based on the fundamental technology such as internet of the things, cyber physical system, sensor, etc. Basic requirement for successful promotion of this Industry 4.0 is the large supply of semiconductor. However, company I who produces dicing blades has difficulty to meet the increasing demand and has hard time to increase revenue because its raw material includes high price diamond, and requires very complex and sensitive process for production. Therefore, this study is focused on understanding the problems and presenting optimal plan to increase productivity of dicing blade manufacturing processes. We carried out a study as follows to accomplish the above purposes. First, previous researches were investigated. Second, the bottlenecks in manufacturing processes were identified using simulation tool (Arena 14.3). Third, we calculate investment amount according to added equipments purchase and perform economic analysis according to cost and sales increase. Finally, we derive optimum plan for productivity improvement and analyze its expected effect. To summarize these results as follows : First, daily average blade production volume can be increased two times from 60 ea. to 120 ea. by performing mixing job in the day before. Second, work flow can be smoother due to reduced waiting time if more machines are added to improve setting process. It was found that average waiting time of 23 minutes can be reduced to around 9 minutes from current process. Third, it was found through simulation that the whole processing line can compose smoother production line by performing mixing process in advance, and add setting and sintering machines. In the course of this study, it was found that adding more machines to reduce waiting time is not the best alternative.

This paper suggests a specific model that could efficiently improve the interaction and the interface between MES(Manufacturing Execution System) server and PDA terminal through RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) system and bar-code system in automative transmission shipment place of the finished assembly parts. The proposed model shows that the new method by RF-Tag system can more efficiently perform to reduce processing time and loading time for shipment, compared with the current approach by bar-code system. It is noted in case of the method by RF-Tag that the effects of proposed model are as follows; (a) While the shipping lead time per truck for carrying by the current method was 35 minutes, the shipping lead time by the new method was 15 minutes. (b) While the accuracy for carrying by the current method was 50%, the accuracy by the new method was 99%.

To promote the efficiency of production process of small and medium sized company, government conducts production information business that collects and analyzes information of production field automatically and helps process' controlling and supervising by supporting costs of purchase, installment, etc. of hard-software and network related to middle and small sized company intending e-Manufacturing of production field with computer and information & communication network. As a result, the number of middle and small sized companies that introduce and manage production information system is increased. Therefore, the purposes of this research are to arrange contents of production information system introduced to solve current problems of middle and small sized companies and analyze effects of small and middle sized companies' introduction through example companies.

The ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 9000 QMS (Quality Management System) standards specify requirements that need to demonstrate an organization’s ability to consistently provide products or services. Korean companies have been implementing ISO 9000 QMS to compete in global markets. ISO 9000 QMS standards have been revised in 1994, 2000, 2008, and 2015 since the first release in 1987. The key change in ISO 9001:2015 is focused on risk-based thinking. It means that risk inherent within an organization is early identified and proactively controlled by use of all aspects of QMS rather than taking preventive actions. In this article we did literature review mainly on empirical study related to motivation and operation performance of ISO 9000 implementation. We present the necessity of changeover, features of new version, and comparison between new and old version. In order to see how well organizations can implement the new ISO 9001:2015 we focus on manufacturing companies that are going to convert to ISO 9001:2015 registration. We collect their key characteristics such as yearly sales, the number of MPI (Management Performance Indicators), the number of KPI (Key Performance Indicators), the number of quality control engineers, quality control engineer work experience, and the degree of adaptiveness between new ISO 9001:2015 QMS and QMS currently operating in manufacturing companies. Especially the degree of adaptiveness is analyzed by correlation analysis, regression analysis, ANOVA, and t-tests to discover the relationships among their characteristics. We found out that the degree of adaptiveness is linearly related to quality control engineer work experience and the number of MPI and KPI that is practically utilized in manufacturing companies. We summarize the implications discovered to help manufacturing industry convert to ISO 9001:2015 registration.

The uniform nanofibers of polyurethane with different contents of Juniperus Chinensis extracts were successfully prepared by electrospinning method. Polyurethane is widely used as functional polymers in the industrials, medical field as their properties can be tailor-made by adjusting their compositions. Juniperus Chinensis has been reported for anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral activities. PU/Juniperus Chinensis extracts composite nanofibers were produced at different Juniperus Chinensis extracts concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5wt.%). The effects of the major parameters in electrospinning process such as tip to collector distance (TCD), voltage, polymer concentration on the average diameter of electrospun nanoweb were investigated. As results, 12wt% PU solution concentration, 8kV applied voltage and 15cm tip to collector distance were identified as optimum conditions for electrospinning the composite nanofibers. The diameter and morphology of the nanocomposite nanofibers were confirmed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The resulting fibers exhibited a uniform diameter ranging from 435nm∼547nm. It has been found that the average diameters of fibers decreased by the adding of Juniperus Chinensis extracts. These nanowebs can be used for medical materials, protective clothing, and antimicrobial filters.

제조방법이 기재된 물건발명 청구항(Product by Process Claim)은 물건청구항의 형태를 갖추 고 있으나, 제조방법에 의하여 그 물건을 한정하 는 형식으로 기재된 청구항이다. 제조방법이 기재 된 물건발명 청구항은 특허성 판단시와 보호범위 판단시에 그 해석이 국가별로 다양하고, 한 국가 내에서도 법원에 따라 상이한 경우가 많을 정도로 논란이 되어 왔다. 하지만, 2009년 미국의 CAFC 전원합의체 판결을 시작으로, 2012년 일본 지적 재산고등재판소 판결에서 제조방법이 기재된 물건발명 청구항의 해석을 명확히 정리하였다. 한국의 경우 2015년 1월 대법원 전원합의체 판결이 나오면서 제조방법이 기재된 물건발명 청구항의 특허성 판단의 기준을 마련하였으며, 2015 년 2월 처음으로 대법원 판결로 제조방법이 기재된 물건발명 청구항의 보호범위 판단기준을 제시하였다. 우리나라의 최근 대법원 판례는 기재요건과 관 련하여 명확설의 입장을 취하였고, 특허성과 보호 범위 판단시에 물적 동일설로 입장을 변경하였다. 다만, 보호범위 판단시에 예외적으로 제법 한정설 을 채택하여, 경우에 따라 특허성과 보호범위 해석의 일치여부에 해석이 문제될 수 있을 뿐만 아 니라, 어떠한 경우에 예외가 적용되는지에 대한 명확한 기준이 없으므로 제조방법이 기재된 물건 발명 청구항의 전체적인 법적 안정성을 저해하는 요소가 될 수 있다는 점이 우려된다. 따라서, 보호 범위 판단시에 불명확한 “예외”를 통하여 청구항 의 해석방법을 달리할 것이 아니라, 불합리한 정 도로 넓게 해석되는 경우에는 (동일한 해석방법 에 따르면) 진보성 등의 특허성에 관한 무효사유 가 존재할 가능성이 높으므로, 오히려 무효주장으로 별개로 다투도록 하여 해결하는 것이 효과적일 것이라고 판단된다.

Wire rods having various sectional shape are generally used in various applications. In a 2-roll shape rolling process, step-by-step rolling operations are executed repeatedly and the rollers must be changed whenever the sectional shape of wire rod is changed. The frequent changes of the rollers and discontinuous repeated operations are cause various shortcomings such as increase of manufacturing cost and reduction in precision. We had developed a high precision automatic wire rod manufacturing system to reduce these shortcomings in the previous study. In this study, we evaluated the field application performance of the developed system in terms of straightness, thickness deviation, surface precision, tensile and hardness of the wire rod in order to verify the feasibility of the system.

초고온가스로는 고온의 원자로 열을 이용하여 대량의 청정 수소와 고효율의 전기를 생산할 수 있는 제 4세대 원자로이다. 초고온가스로는 0.5mm 직경의 우라늄을 세라믹으로 3중 코딩해 직경 약 0.9mm의 TRISO라고 불리 는 피복입자를 사용한다. TRISO는 크기가 작을 뿐 아니라 특수 코팅 처리가 되어 있어 우라늄이 직접 공기 중 에 노출될 일이 없다. 핵연료 품질 유지 측면에서 TRISO 제작시 핵연료의 동일한 구형성, 밀도 및 피복층 두께 를 유지하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 X-선 래디오그래피 기술을 이용한 비파괴 방법을 적용하여 측정한 TRISO 피복입자의 피복층 두께 자료를 바탕으로 피복입자핵연료의 대량 제조 관리를 가정하였고, 이 경우 X-R 관리도를 이용하여 생산 공정의 공정 이상 여부를 시뮬레이션하였다.(한글초록 300자 내외)

본 논문은 ISO에서 2008년 규격이 최근 2015년 규격으로 개정 발행됨에 따라 ISO인증이 필요한 조직들은 필수적으로 2018년 9월까지는 전환심사를 통하여 개정 인증을 받아야 한다. 2015년 개정 규격의 가장 중요한 특징은 리스크 기반 사고에 근거한다는 점과 2008년 규격의 5개 Sectors를 7개 Sectors로 확장하여 요구사항 들을 구체화시켜서 과거의 예방조치의 개념에서 리스크의 개념으로 전환하고 PDCA 싸이클속에 내재하는 품질경영시스템의 요소들을 시스템적으로 관리하는 것이다. 이에 따라 개정규격의 인증이 필수적인 여러 조직들 가운데서 동남지역에 위치한 제조업체들을 선택하여 제조업체 여러 가지 특성들에 대한 자료들과 개정규격의 적합성을 통계적으로 분석함으로써 그들의 관련성을 발견하고 개정규격이 용이하게 운용될 수 있도록 제안하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical contents (sugar, nitrogen, and amino acids) and sensory characteristics of traditional soy sauce according to three different methods. The samples were taken from four different periods (0, 20, 40, and 60 days after fermentation). Total sugar contents increased in all groups according to ripening period, and Gyupjang (G) showed the highest sugar content among the groups. Total nitrogen and amino acid contents of all groups increased after 60 days of ripening, and Gyupjang (G) and Gyupjang mixed with salt water (SG) had higher total nitrogen content compared to Chungjang (S) at the same period. The results from the sensory evaluation show that preferable sensory characteristics, such as color preferences, sweetness, umami taste, and overall preference, were significantly higher in Gyupjang (G) and Gyupjang mixed with salt water (SG) than in Chungjang (S). Preferable sensory characteristics had significantly high positive correlation with most amino acids, total nitrogen, and sugar contents, except for glutamine. Based on the significant difference in preferable sensory characteristics between Gyupjang mixed with salt water (SG) and Chungjang (S), Gyupjang mixed with salt water (SG) can be used to improve sensory characteristics. This research implies that adding salt water during the manufacturing Gyupjang process is advisable to yield high quality soy sauce.

본 연구에서는, 전기방사를 위하여 알지네이트와 키토산을 이용하여 알지네이트/poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)와 키 토산/PEO 용액을 준비하였다. 준비된 용액을 10 mL 플라스틱 주사기에 넣고 금속 노즐에 높은 전압을 공급하였다. 키토산과 알지네이트 용액은 고분자 농도, 온도, 상대습도, 인가전압, 노즐과의 거리, 그리고 용액 속도에 의해 컨트롤되었다. 제조된 나노섬유막은 전자주사현미경을 이용하여 모폴로지를 관찰하였다. 알지네이트 전기방사를 위한 나노 섬유막의 최적화된 조건 은 2 wt% 알지네이트, 2 wt% PEO, 60°C, 노즐과의 거리 15 cm, 20~24 kV, 8 μm/min이었으며, 키토산 섬유막의 최적화 조 건은 2 wt% 키토산, 2 wt% PEO, 25°C, 노즐과의 거리 15 cm, 24 kV, 8 μm/min이었다. 복합 나노섬유 제조조건은 노즐과의 거리 20 cm, 8 μm/min, 26 kV이었다.

Tin is one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries with a high energy density. However, the commercialization of tin-based anodes is still hindered due to the large volume change (over 260%) upon lithiation/delithiation cycling. To solve the problem, many efforts have been focused on enhancing structural stability of tin particles in electrodes. In this work, we synthesize tin nano-powders with an amorphous carbon layer on the surface and surroundings of the powder by electrical wire explosion in alcohol-based liquid media at room temperature. The morphology and microstructures of the powders are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Xray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the powder for use as an anode material for lithium-ion battery are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and a galvanometric dischargecharge method. It is shown that the carbon-coated tin nano-powders prepared in hexanol media exhibit a high initial charge specific capacity of 902 mAh/g and a high capacity retention of 89% after 50 cycles.

Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres have been prepared by solvent displacement crystallization using a micro-injection device, and the effect of process parameters such as concentration and the relative ratio of the injection speed of the precursor solution, which is an aqueous solution of NiSO4·6H2O, to isopropyl alcohol of displacement solvent have been investigated. The crystal phases after NaOH treatment are in the β-phase for all process parameters. A higher concentration of NiSO4·6H2O aqueous solution is injected by a micro-injection device and bigger Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres with a narrower particle size distribution are formed. The crystallinity and hardness of the as-obtained powder are so poor that hydrothermal treatment of the as-obtained Ni(OH)2 at 120oC for 24 h in distilled water is performed in order to greatly improve the crystallinity. It is thought that a relative ratio of the injection speed of NiSO4·6H2O to that of isopropyl alcohol of at least more than 1 is preferable to synthesize Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres. It is confirmed that this solution- based process is very effective in synthesizing ceramic hollow spheres by simple adjustment of the process parameters such as the concentration and the injection speed.