Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)의 소수성 중공사막 표면에 계면중합하여 복합막을 제조하였다. Piperazine (PIP)과 trimesoyl chloride (TMC)의 농도변화, polyethylene glycol (PEG)의 함량변화에 따라 막을 제조하였으며, 막의 특성평가를 위해 100 ppm의 NaCl, CaSO₄, MgCl₂ 용액과 NaCl과 CaSO₄를 혼합하여 제조한 300 ppm의 공급액에 대한 막의 투과도와 배제율을 알아보고자 하였다. TMC를 사용하여 계면중합하였을 때 막의 투과도와 배제율이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 0.1~1 wt%로 TMC 농도를 변화시켜 가며 실험을 수행한 결과 0.1 wt%일 때 NaCl 100 ppm에 대해 투과도 48.3 LMH (L/m²·hr)와 배제율 59%로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또한, 투과도를 향상시키기 위해 annealing처리와 piperazine에 PEG를 첨가하여 실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 처리하지 않은 막에 비해 투과도는 전체적으로 향상되는 모습을 나타냈지만배제율이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

본 연구는 우리나라의 전통문화인 한지의 다양한 용도를 개발하고, 인피섬유를 주원료로 하는 한지의 특성상 폐기되어져 왔던 닥나무 목질부를 이용하여 기능성 재료인 세라믹의 제조 및 한지벽지에 이용되는데 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 다양한 조건에서 제조된 닥나무 세라믹을 첨가한 수초지는 세라믹 제조 시의 수지함침율, 탄화온도 및 세라믹의 첨가량에 따라 전반적인 물리적 성질은 감소하였으나 인열지수는 거의 변화가 없었다. 또한 투기도의 경우에서는 세라믹이 닥섬유의 섬유결합을 저해하여 크게 증가하였다. 한편, 한지벽지로서 습윤인장강도, 일광견뢰도, 습윤마찰견뢰도, 은폐성 등은 KS 벽지 규격을 만족시켰으나 건조마찰견뢰도는 규격에 미달되어 이에 대한 보완이 요구되었다. 따라서 폐기성 닥나무 목질부를 활용하여 세라믹을 제조 및 한지벽지에 이용함으로서 닥나무 목질부의 다양한 활용도 개발과 양호한 품질의 한지벽지를 제조하는데 충분한 가능성을 확인하였다.

When the number of items of same type of industrial property is quite large, calculating depreciation for a group of such item may be more efficient than depreciating each item separately. Also, predicting the service life of a specific individual unit is very difficult to do with any degree of accuracy. Estimating the probable average service life (PASL) of many units (or dollars) is not an easy task; however, an average life of many units can probably be predicted with a much higher degree of accuracy than the life of some particular unit. Using the average of many units allows for some units having relatively short lives and some units having relatively long lives without specifying whether a particular unit will have a short or a long life. If the life of each vintage in an account are not estimated, then the broad group procedure can be used. The broad group procedure depreciates the several vintage in an account as a single group. The PASL for this procedure is the estimate of the average of lives of the individual dollars in the group. If the estimated PASL’s of the vintages are not the same, then a weighted average PASL would have to be calculated for each calendar year. In this paper, we illustrate the calculations of accrual rates and the annual depreciation charge for each of the calendar years by the broad group depreciation procedure.

Black fermented garlic includes many pharmacological components. Therefore, in this study, black fermented garlic wine was manufactured and its flavor compounds were investigated difference of aging chips from America and France. The fermented wine was stored at 10oC for 6 months. GC/MS was used for the flavor components analysis. Wine using American chip contained 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1- butanol, acetaldehyde, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 1,1-diethoxyethane, and allyl methyl sulfide. 1-Propanol, 2- methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2- heptanone, 1,1-diethoxyethane, N-amino32-hydroxypropanamidate, n-butylamine, and chloroacetonitrile were detected as major flavor compounds using France chips. Especially, the wine contained allyl methyl sulfide that was resulted from black fermented garlic. There were more compounds that smell like fruit in the wine using American chips relatively. And allyl methyl sulfide was detected only in the wine using America chips. Whereas acetic acid was detected only in the wine using France chips

The objective of the present study is to analyze the relationship of suppliers and customer participation in product development process and effects of such participation on product innovation since it is getting more and more weight in manufacturing companies. It is also aimed in this study to explore if business performance of manufacturing companies might be affected by the suppliers participation as well as product innovation that is realizable by such participation. From the analysis, following conclusions could be drawn: First, suppliers participation in manufacturing companies turned out to have influence upon product innovation (standardized coefficient=0.193, C.R=3.510), implying that nothing is more important than the role of suppliers who have intention to realize innovation through participation in manufacturing companies. Second, the analysis showed that customer participation exercised impact upon product innovation of manufacturing companies (standardized coefficient=0.686, C.R=6.433), suggesting that the more customer participate in product development process of manufacturing companies, the more manufacturing companies could sharpen their competitiveness. Third, it was made known from the analysis that the product innovation thanks to suppliers and customer participation in manufacturing companies could have influence upon their business performance (standardized coefficient=0.762, C.R=7.666), signifying that the product innovation of manufacturing companies might depend on the participation of suppliers and manufacturers and, in turn, could affect their own business performance.

최근 낮은 표면장력, 높은 확산계수, 가스와 같은 낮은 점도, 그리고 액체와 유사한 밀도를 갖는 초임계 유체의 장점을 이용하여 여러 가지 물질의 합성이나 응용 공정에 초임계 유체를 이용하고 있다. 초임계 유체를 이용하여 복합체 제조 시 기존의 용융공정에 비해서 분자들의 움직임이 활발하게 이루어 질 수 있어서 물성의 향상을 기대할 수 있다. 또한 클레이가 고농도로 함유된 마스터 배치를 쉽게 제조할 수 있으며, 기존의 유기 용매를 사용하여 복합체를 제조할 때보다 잔존 용매를 쉽게 제거할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 초임계 이산화탄소를 이용하여 폴리에틸렌옥사이드/클레이 나노복합체를 제조하였다. 또한 본 연구의 목적은 초임계 상태에서 분자들의 활발한 움직임을 기대할 수 있으므로 고분자가 용해되고 클레이 층상으로 효과적으로 삽입되어 복합체의 열적 특성 및 다른 여러 가지 물성을 증가시키는 데 있다. 복합체 제조 후 XRD, TGA, 그리고 DSC를 이용하여 복합체의 특성을 분석 했다. 그 결과 용융방법으로 제조한 복합체보다 열 안정성이 향상되었으며, 클레이 층상 거리도 더 많이 벌어짐을 확인할 수 있었다.

As S. Korea is becoming an “aged society”, workers in the country would be exposed to higher risk of workplace injuries due to their reducing work abilities as they are getting old. To identify the relationship between the work ability and the incident rate of workplace injuries, the work ability index (WAI) scores were surveyed from 409 workers occupied in different manufacturing industries reside on north GyoengBuk area. The workplace injury statistics in the year of 2010 for the corresponding industries were analyzed and summarized with the WAI scores by age groups, years of service, and sizes of business. The results showed the WAI scores of the workers occupied in the higher risk of workplace injury was lower than that of the workers of the lower risk. It means the lower the WAI score, the higher the chance of being injured during the task. It is concluded that appropriate correlation exists between the WAI scores of workers and the incident rate of workplace injury. It is recommended to administrate individual work abilities of aged workers in order to keep low rate of workplace injuries in upcoming aged and highly aged society.

본 연구에서는 졸-겔, 용매치환, 표면개질, 상압건조 공정과 계면활성제에 의한 템플레이팅(templating) 공법 및 소결 공정을 이용하여 실리카 에어로겔 모노리스와 메조포러스 실리카 모노리스를 각각 합성하였다. 제조된 두 종류의 실리카 모노리스는 균열이 없이 비교적 투명하였으며, 매우 높은 기공율(92-94%) 및 비표면적(800 - 840 m²/g)과 수 십 nm 수준의 기공 크기를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 표면개질을 적용한 실리카 에어로겔 샘플이 스피링백 효과로 인하여 메조포러스 실리카 모노리스에 비해 더욱 미세하고 균질한 나노 기공 구조를 보였을 뿐만 아니라, 그 단열 성능도 더욱 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 합성된 두 종류의 실리카 모노리스를 중간층으로 적용한 복층 창유리의 단열성능을 측정된 모노리스의 열전도도와 이론식을 근거로 조사한 결과, 기존의 상업적으로 응용되는 공기층 삽입 복층 창유리에 비해 우수한 단열 성능을 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to verify the relationships among innovative behavior, turnover intention, and job security. An additional purpose was to examine partial mediating effects on psychological ownership. The baseline of analyzing those relationships in this study is that the role of psychological ownership will be a mediator between job security and turnover intention as well as innovative behavior in the organization. To accomplish these purposes, a model was built among job security as predictor variable, the psychological ownership as mediating variable and turnover intention, and innovative behavior as criteria variables based on the studies conducted in the various areas. The 248 questionnaires surveyed from the area of DaeGu and Kyungbuk were used in the statistical analyses. The detail statistical techniques are such as descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multi regression analysis. The results of the study show that job security had positively significant effect on turnover intention and innovative behavior. In addition, only the psychological ownership of organization-level thinking have partial mediating effects between job security and innovative behavior also job security and turnover intention. The results may indicate that the psychological ownership of organization-level thinking be a key factor to alleviate the turnover intention of employees and to encourage the innovative behavior during their works for the small-medium size companies showing the unstable job security.

현재 TSP(Touch Screen Panel)는 스마트폰을 비롯한 태블렛 PC, 대형 광고용 TSP 등으로 점점 대형화되고 있다. 화면이 점점 대면적화되면 기존 ITO(Indium Tin Oxide)전극을 센서 전극으로 사용하면 응답 속도가 늦어지는 문제점이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 센서 전극을 ITO대신에 nano silver paste를 이용하는 기술이 개발되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 합성법인 전자빔으로 nano silver powder를 개발하였다. 이렇게 개발된 nano silver powder와 이미 개발된 submicron silver powder를 혼합하여 hybrid silver paste를 제조하였다. 제조된 paste를 이용하여 4㎛, 7㎛의 미세패턴을 구현할 수 있었다.

The object of this paper is to evaluate a working environment noise at manufacturing process of metal material products. To accomplish the object; An employee noise exposure criteria, which is mounted in big size enterprise, was investigated. The noise at the 460 points of the manufacturing process machine in the 38 processes of the 1 factories were measured. The database of the noise was built from the measurement data. The major sound sources and frequency range for the manufacturing process of metal material product machine was investigated. In this study, we compare working environment noise criteria of korean with employee noise exposure criteria

The purpose of this study is to decrease a stress shielding effect shown in the hip joint. To conduct this study, the clad materials were produced by using an explosion welding method with two materials that were different in the elastic modulus like Ti-6Al-4V alloy and pure Ti. As for the clad materials, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy with large elastic modulus was designed as the neck of femur, and the pure Ti with small elastic modulus as the body of femur. The joints of clad materials formed by the explosion welding showed the typical wave shape, and its thickness was about 0.2㎛. New crystal or grain structure was not formed in the joints. In addition, the Vickers hardness in the joints formed the middle value between the base metal and clad metal. As a result of manufacturing prototype by processing the clad materials in three dimensions, this study gained good shape, and if it is to be applied to clinical in the future, this researcher can expect good results. From the result of this research above, it may be summed up as follows. It is considered as the stress shielding phenomenon showed on the hip joint can be decreased to a certain degree if this researcher is to utilize two clad materials with different elastic modulus like Ti-6Al-4V alloy and pure Ti

Ink-jet printing technology has been widely attractive due to its facility for direct and fine printing on various substrates. Recent studies have focused on expanding the application of ink-jet printing technology from general consumer use and design companies to the prototype production of precision parts and parts manufacturing. The use of ink-jet printing technology in decorated tableware, tiles, and other ceramic products also has many advantages. The printing process is fast and can be adaptable to various kinds of objects because there is no direct contact point between the printer and the substrates to be printed. For application to ceramic product decoration, inks containing highly dispersed inorganic nano-pigments are required. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of blue CoAl2O4 nanopigment for ink-jet printing. Blue ceramic ink based on the obtained CoAl2O4 pigment was prepared by dissolving CoAl2O4 pigment in a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and ethanol with volume ratios of 7:3 and 8:2, respectively, to obtain the appropriate viscosity for ink-jet printing. The ink solution contained 15 wt% of CoAl2O4 pigment and Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) and Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) as dispersive agents. The prepared blue ceramic ink was stably jetted and formed a sphere-shaped droplet from an ink-jet printer.

This study was performed to determine the optimal composition of a muffin added with jerusalem artichoke powder and oligosaccharide. The experiment was designed based on CCD (central composite design), and evaluation was carried out by means of RSM (response surface methodology), which included 10 experimental points with three replicates each for the two independent variables jerusalem artichoke powder and oligosaccharide. The experimental muffin was prepared according to a traditional recipe, except that the flour was partially replaced by jerusalem artichoke powder (5, 15, or 25%) and the sugar was partially replaced by oligosaccharide (25, 50, or 75%). Using F-test, height, moisture, a-value, b-value, springiness, cohesiveness, texture, and overall acceptability were expressed as a linear model, whereas volume, pH, L-value, appearance, flavor and taste were expressed as a quadratic model. Increased amounts of jerusalem artichoke powder led to reduction of sensory scores for appearance, flavor, taste, texture, and overall quality. The optimum formulation determined by the numerical and graphical methods were similar: jerusalem artichoke powder 10.99%, oligosaccharide 71.40%.

초저압용 나노여과 중공사 복합막을 제조하기 위하여 poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) 소수성 중공사막 표면에무기염인 K2Cr2OH와 KMnO4 수용액으로 친수화 처리를 하였으며, 처리된 막 표면 위에 piperazine (PIP)과 trimesoyl chlor-ide (TMC)로 계면 중합하여 복합막을 제조하였다. NaCl, CaSO4, MgCl2 100 ppm 용액 및 300 ppm의 NaCl과 CaSO4 혼합용액을 이용하여 코팅물질의 농도, 코팅시간 및 건조시간에 따른 복합막의 투과특성을 알아보았다. 실험 결과 친수화 물질로는K2Cr2OH을 사용하였을 때 더 높은 배제율을 보였으며, 친수화 시간이 길어질수록 투과도는 향상되고 배제율은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 촉매인 triethyl amine (TEA)과 sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)의 농도가 높을수록 투과도는 감소하고, 염제거율은 증가하였다. 최적 조건으로는 K2Cr2OH으로 10분 동안 친수화 시킨 PVDF 중공사막 위에 PIP 2 wt% 용액(PIP 함량 대비 Triethyl amine (TEA) 7 wt%, SLS 20 wt% 혼합용액)과 TMC 0.1 wt%를 이용하여 계면중합한 것으로 공급액 NaCl100 ppm에 대해서는 투과도 40 LMH, 제거율 50%이었고, CaSO4 100 ppm에 대해서는 투과도 48 LMH, 제거율 55%를 나타내었다.

주류를 제외한 과일 및 탄산음료 등을 제조하는 비알코올성 음료품 제조시설에서 발생되는 폐수는 높은 농도의유기물과 낮은 농도의 질소, 인 등을 함유한다. 이러한 폐수의 처리 시설은 주로 호기성 공정과 약품응집 공정으로 구성하고 후단에 사여과지 또는 활성탄 공정을 추가하기도 한다. 하지만 이러한 방식은 긴 체류시간과 침전지 설치로 인해 많은 부지를 필요로 하는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 부지소요 문제와 슬러지 유출로 인한 수질저하 문제를 해결하고자 W식품공장 폐수처리장 인근에 MBR pilot plant를 설치하고 장기간 운영을 통해 데이터를 확보하고 처리 효율을 평가하였다. 약 3개월간음료수 제조공정 폐수를 평막을 적용한 MBR pilot plant로 운전조건을 변화하며 처리한 결과, 처리유량 20 m3/day, HRT 29hr, 4Q 반송조건까지는 유기물 제거율 97% 이상으로 안정적인 처리가 가능했다. 하지만 그 이상의 운전조건에서는 생물반응조의 오염물질 제거율이 감소하였고 TMP가 급격히 증가하는 모습을 보였다.

Fe-Cr-Al powder porous metal was manufactured by using new electro-spray process. First, ultra-finefecralloy powders were produced by using the submerged electric wire explosion process. Evenly distributed colloid(0.05~0.5% powders) was dispersed on Polyurethane foam through the electro-spray process. And then degreasing andsintering processes were conduced. In order to examine the effect of cell size (200 µm, 450 µm, 500 µm) in process,pre-samples were sintered for two hours at temperature of 1450˚C, in H₂ atmospheres. A 24-hour thermo gravimetricanalysis test was conducted at 1000˚C in a 79% N₂ + 21% O₂ to investigate the high temperature oxidation behavior ofpowder porous metal. The results of the high temperature oxidation tests showed that oxidation resistance increased withincreasing cell size. In the 200 µm porous metal with a thinner strut and larger specific surface area, the depletion ofthe stabilizing elements such as Al and Cr occurred more quickly during the high-temperature oxidation compared withthe 450, 500 µm porous metals.

상 전이 공정을 이용하여 polysulfone계 비대칭 정밀 여과막을 제조하였다. Polysulfone/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone/ polyvinylpyrrolidone/phosphoric acid계로 이루어진 casting 용액을 사용하였으며 응고조로는 물을 사용하였다. 멤브레인 제조공정에 적용된 상 전이 공정으로 증기 유도 상 전이 공정을 적용하였으며 상대습도 74%에서 캐스팅 판의 온도와 노출 시간을 조절한 결과 기공의 크기와 구조에 있어 변화를 관찰할 수 있었다. 제조된 멤브레인의 구조는 SEM과 microflow permpor-ometer를 사용하여 조사하였다. Phosphoric acid의 첨가는 조밀한 스펀지 형태의 멤브레인을 느슨한 스펀지 형태의 멤브레인으로 변화시켰으며 촉매량의 Phosphoric acid 첨가로도 평균 기공크기는 거의 0.2 µm 정도 커지고 유량도 약 3,000 LMH가증가하였다. 캐스팅 판의 온도와 노출 시간의 변화는 표면층의 구조, 기공의 크기 및 공극률에 큰 변화를 가져옴을 확인할 수있었다.

In this study, nanocrystalline nickel powders were cold compacted by a dynamic compaction method usinga single-stage gas gun system. A bending test was conducted to measure the bonding strengths of the compacted regionsand microstructures of the specimen were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy. The specimen was separatedinto two parts by a horizontal crack after compaction. Density test shows that the powder compaction occurred only inthe upper part of the specimen. Brittle fracture was occurred during the bending test of the compact sample. Dispersionof shock energy due to spalling highly affected the bonding status of the nanocrystalline nickel powder.

Cu-Ni alloys with unidirectionally aligned pores were prepared by freeze-drying process of CuO-NiO/cam-phene slurry. Camphene slurries with dispersion stability by the addition of oligomeric polyester were frozen at -25˚C,and pores in the frozen specimens were generated by sublimation of the camphene during drying in air. The green bod-ies were hydrogen-reduced at 300˚C and sintered at 850˚C for 1h. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that CuO-NiOcomposite powders were completely converted to Cu-Ni alloy without any reaction phases by hydrogen reduction. Thesintered samples showed large and aligned parallel pores to the camphene growth direction, and small pores in the inter-nal wall of large pores. The pore size and porosity decreased with increase in CuO-NiO content from 5 to 10 vol%.The change of pore characteristics was explained by the degree of powder rearrangement in slurry and the accumulationbehavior of powders in the interdendritic spaces of solidified camphene.