1. 낙동강(洛東江) 하류(下流) 갈대군락(群落)에서 유기탄소(有機炭素)의 생성(生成), 분해(分解) 및 축적(蓄積)을 이론적(理論的) 분석(分析)에 의(衣)해서 평가하였다. 2. m2당(當) 낙엽(落葉)의 유기물(有機物), 유기탄소(有機炭素)의 함량(含量)은 각각(各各)이였으며 초지상(草地床)의 함량(含量)은 1154.96g과 669.93g 이었다. 3. 시별(尸別) 유기물(有機物), 유기탄소(有機炭素)의 함량(含量)은 광합성부(光合成部)에서는

This study focused to reveal mineralogical and petrochemical properties and the stratigraphy of the volcanic rocks along the downstream of the Hantan River in Choongaryong Rift Valley. The geological sequences of this area are as follows: The basement of this area consists of Precambrian metasedimentary rocks of the Yeoncheon System. The Biotite Granodiorite of Jurassic age intruded into the Yeoncheon System in the eastern side of the area. Several small exposures of the basalt of post-Jurassic age, which was maned as $quot;Tongjae Basalt$quot;occur dispersely along the west slope of the valley. A conglomerate formation overlay the eroded surface of Tongjae Basalt and contains rounded and angular pebbles and is unconformable overlain by Lapilli Lithic Tuff. A basalt outcrop exposed as small an exposure near Jangtanri creek and intruded the Lithic Tuff, maned as : Jangtanri Basalt.$quot; Granite porphyry dikes intruded into the Lithic Tuff in Tongjae area. An Alkali Loivine Basalt of the Cenozoic Era with 3∼11 different eruptions flowed on the surfaces of the abouve mentioned Precambian metasedimentary rocks, Biotite Granodiorite, Lithic Tuff and Unconsolidated in the valley and formed marrow plateaus. The Alkali Basalt consists mainly of olivine, diopside, hypersthene and labradorite, and is called in this study as $quot;Jeongog Basalt$quot;. the age of the last flow is estimated as late Pleistocene or early Holocene.

한국남해안에 있어서의 오메가신호의 지역적인 변화와 측정위치의 정도를 알기 위하여 제주(33˚31'.0N, 126˚31.9E)와 부산(35˚7'.9 N, 129˚6'. 3 E)에서 1980년 12월 1일부터 1981년 2월 28일까지 A-C pair 및 A-E pair에 대하여 동시 관측하여 오메가신호의 일변화, 두 지역 간의 실측PPC의 상관관계 및 차의 분포, 차등오메가 이용할 경우의 측위의 정도를 검토 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 제주와 부산 두 지역 간의 오메가전파의 위상차는 정의 상관관계의 평균치는 A-C pair는 0.7, A-E pair는 0.75이었다. 2. 「제주실측 PPC-부산실측 PPC」의 반달마다의 평균치의 범위는 A-C pair는 17.7~21.3 cels이었으며, A-E pair는 -2.9~2.0cels이었다. 3. 두 지역에서 차등오메가로 이용할 경우의 측정위치의 오차의 범위는 1.0~2.2 miles이었으며, 오차권의 평균치는 1.52mile, 표준편차는 0.21mile이었다.

In this study, numerical simulations using community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) were conducted to analyze the change in ozone (O3) concentration due to the reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions in Busan. When the NOx and, VOCs emissions were reduced by 40% and, 31%, respectively, the average O3 concentration increased by 4.24 ppb, with the highest O3 change observed in the central region (4.59 ppb). This was attributed to the decrease in O3 titration by nitric oxide (NO) due to the reduction of NOx emissions in Busan, which is classified as a VOCs-limited area. The distribution of O3 concentration changes was closely related to NOx emissions per area, and inland emissions were highly correlated with daily maximum concentrations and 8-h average O3 concentrations. Contrastingly, the effect of emission reduction depended on the wind direction. This suggests that the emission reduction effects may vary depending on the environmental conditions. Further research is needed to comprehensively analyze the emission reduction effects in Busan.

This study was conducted to understand the regional distribution characteristics of swans(Cygnus spp.) in downstream of t he Nakdong River , R.O.Korea from October 2008 to September 2013. During this period, a total of two species and 37,518 ind ividuals of Swans(Cygnus spp.) were observed, including 31,596 Whooper Swans(Cygnus cygnus) and 5,922 Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus), respectively. The average number of individuals observed in fifteen different areas was 2255.33 in Daemadeung(A), 143.50 in Jangja·Sinjado(B), 304.00 in Sajado·Doyodeung(C), 1928.00 in Lower Ulsukdo(D), 1392.67 in Ul sukdo(E), 50.17 in Ilwoongdo(F), 91.17 in Yeommak(G), 5.17 in Maekdogang(H), 0.00 in Pyeonggangcheon(I), 0.00 in Lowe r Noksan sluice(J), 2.83 in Upper Noksan sluice(K), 6.17 in Jomangang·Doonchido(L), 4.50 in Chideung(M), 0.83 in Joongs ado(N)and 66.17 in Daejeo sluice(O). The total average of these fifteen areas was 480.81. There was a significant differenc e among the survey areas (Kruskal-Wallis test,  =4055.68, P<0.001). In particular, the observed numbers were larger in Daemadeung, Lower Ulsukdo and Ulsukdo than in the other regions.

To this day, conflicts have intensified between managers who want to preserve biosphere reserves and citizen who want to develop them. Based on this problem, this study seeks to investigate the establishment of a forum for communication between various stakeholders and to promote the economic development of local communities while preserving biodiversity. First, in terms of conservation, the results indicated that Gyeonggi Province and Namyangju City highly valued direct conservation activities in biosphere reserves, whereas Pocheon and Uijeongbu City highly valued indirect conservation functions through management or monitoring. Second, in terms of development, it was found that there were differences in the roles, perceptions and responsibilities with respect to biosphere reserves among the different layers of government: the central government agency, the Cultural Heritage Administration, the metropolitan government, Gyeonggi-do, and the local governments, Pocheon, Namyangju, and Uijeongbu. Third, in terms of logistical support, which serves as a function for communication and practical participation among management entities, the results suggested that it was necessary to establish a comprehensive decision-making organization for efficient management and operation and to provide opportunities for active participation. The study can be utilized as a basic reference for developing efficient communication by management entities in protected areas with similar challenges.

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) emission from painting and printing facilities in the Pyeongdong industrial complex in Gwangju. In addition, the objective was to understand the distribution characteristics of VOCs in the ambient air in industrial complexes affected by painting and printing facilities. The painting facility mainly emitted toluene, acetone, butyl acetate, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, 4-ethyltoluene, ethylbenzene, 3-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. The main emission components in printing facilities were methyl ketone, ethyl acetate, acetone, 2-propanol, toluene, heptane, and butyl acetate. Ethyl acetate, toluene, 2-butanone, acetone, butyl acetate, 2-propanol, xylenes, and 4-methyl-2-pentanone were detected in the ambient air of the Pyeongdong industrial complex, consistent with the VOCs emitted by painting and printing facilities. The average concentration of seasonal TVOCs followed an order of winter > fall > spring > summer, whereas the concentrations of daytime and nighttime TVOCs were generally higher at night than those during the day, and the wind speed was greater during the day than it was at night. Based on a factor analysis of VOCs in the ambient air of Pyeongdong industrial complex, it is considered that organic solvents used in coating, printing, and electronics manufacturing facilities, as well as diesel vehicle emissions played a major role.

In this study, 12 environmental factors were used to evaluate the potential habitat of Pteromys volans living around some development areas. The analyzed value ranged from 0 to 20.1, and the area with a score of 10 or less was analyzed to have a low possibility of inhabiting Pteromys volans. To verify the analyzed results, a field survey was conducted on areas with 10 or more scores, and traces of habitat of Pteromys volans were confirmed in areas with 16 or more scores. All the areas with an evaluation score of 16 or higher showed high crown density and age class. However, despite the high crown density and age class, the evaluation score in some areas was low owing to the influence of other environmental factors. Therefore, in evaluating Pteromys volans habitats, it is necessary to apply various and complex criteria suitable for field conditions rather than applying uniform and fragmentary environmental factors only.

Cyanobacteria have been used as pollution indicator species in freshwater ecosystems, and identifying their fluctuations can be an important part about management of surface waters globally. Cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria are directly or indirectly a threat to human and environmental health. In order to confirm the potential risk of these cyanotoxins, the fluctuations of phytoplankton and phylogenetic analysis of cyanotoxin synthetase genes were conducted at each point in the Yeongsan River water system in Gwangju from November 2021 to October 2022. Diatoms which grow well in winter were dominant at 99.4 ~ 99.5%, and diatoms and green algae were dominant from the spring to autumn when the water temperature rises. Stephanodiscus spp. were dominant at 92.7 to 97.5 % at all sites in the winter, and Aulacoseira spp., which grow in warm water temperatures, were dominant in summer and autumn. Microcystis aeruginosa was dominant at 25.2% in summer only at site 5. mcyB and anaC have been detected as cyanotoxin synthetase genes. The phylogenetic tree of anaC could be divided into two groups (Group 1 & Group 2). Group 1 contained Aphanizomenon sp. and Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi. It is combined with Aphanizomenon sp. and Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi, which are known to produce cyanotoxins.