본 연구는 2010 국민건강영양조사 원시자료에서 식품섭취 조사를 실시한 대상자 8,019명 중 19~64세 연령의 성인 대상 자 4,556명(56.8%)의 원자료를 이용하여 19~64세 성인의 상 용음식(밥류, 면․만두류, 국․탕류, 찌개류) 1인 1회 섭취분 량에 대한 정보를 제공하고, 2005년 국민건강영양조사자료 를 이용하여 설정된 기존자료와의 비교를 통하여 한국 성인 의 주요 상용음식의 1인 1회 섭취분량의 변화 패턴을 알아보 고자 하였다. 밥류 중 가장 높은 섭취빈도를 보인 것은 쌀밥 이었고, 1인 1회 섭취분량은 265 ㎖로 2005년 자료로부터 설 정된 250 ㎖와 유사하였다. 두 번째로 높은 섭취 빈도를 보인 것은 잡곡밥으로 3,472의 빈도로 거의 흰쌀밥에 가까운 섭취 빈도였고, 1회 1회 섭취분량은 250 ㎖였다. 면․만두류 중 가 장 섭취빈도가 높은 음식은 라면이었고, 1인 1회 섭취분량은 500 ㎖로 기존에 설정된 400 ㎖에 비하여 25.0%의 증가를 보 였다. 칼국수와 짬뽕은 2005년 설정량에 비하여 40% 이상의 감소를 보였다. 국․탕류에서는 콩나물국의 섭취빈도가 가장 높았고, 가장 높은 섭취빈도를 보인 국은 콩나물국의 1인 1회 섭취분량은 250 ㎖로 기존 설정량과 동일하였다. 상용 음식 으로 설정된 39종의 국 종류에서 기존 설정량과 항목이 일치 하는 28종 중 11종이 1인 1회 섭취분량의 감소가 보였다. 섭 취 빈도가 가장 높은 찌개류는 된장찌개였고, 1인 1회 섭취분 량은 125 ㎖로 기존 설정량(175 ㎖)에 비하여 28.6%의 감소를 보였다. 다음으로 섭취빈도가 높은 찌개류인 김치찌개의 1인 1회 섭취분량은 200 ㎖로 기존의 섭취분량(250 ㎖)에 비하여 20.0%의 감소를 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 2010년 국민건강영 양조사 자료로부터 설정된 1인 1회 섭취분량은 밥류의 경우 큰 변화가 없었으며, 섭취빈도가 높은 주요 국과 찌개의 경우 는 감소, 면류의 경우 라면은 증가, 칼국수와 짬뽕의 경우는 감소를 나타내었다. 이러한 변화는 한국 성인 상용식품의 1 인 1회 섭취분량이 조금씩 변화되고 있음을 보여주고, 국과 찌개류 섭취량의 감소 추세는 나트륨의 저감화 정책 차원에 서 바람직한 변화로 사료된다.

본 연구에서는 metal organic frameworks (MOFs)의 한 종류인 MIL-100(Fe)을 이용하여 혼합기질막(mixed matrix membranes, MMMs)을 제조하였다. MIL-100(Fe)의 함량을 고분자 대비 0∼30 wt%까지 변화시키면서 첨가된 MOF의 함량에 따른 기체의 투과 특성을 살펴보았다. H2, CO2, O2, N2, CH4의 기체 투과도는 MIL-100(Fe) 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 투과도가 증가하는 경향을 보여주었으며, 상대적으로 큰 입자크기를 가진 SF6의 투과도는 MIL-100(Fe)의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 투과도가 감소하였다. 이상 선택도는 N2/SF6의 경우 폴리이미드막 대비 약 40% 증가하였으며, 이를 통해 N2/SF6 분리에 적합한 분리막임을 확인할 수 있었다.

An elementary school is an important public place for children and it is where they spend most of their days. Ten elementary schools of environmental pollutants were measured in the classroom, playground and school zones (June 19 ~ Nov 1, 2012). Dust measurements of some schools were more indoor air. Measurements of black carbon concentrations were higher overall school zones. Also, in the case of formaldehyde, benzene and some environmental standards were exceeded. In the case of outdoor pollutants not statistically significant, but in some cars and vans that were correlated with pollutants. Thus, strategies and actions are necessary that will protect the health of children in schools from environmental pollutants.

The objective of this study was to investigate meat quality and nutritional composition of 10 cuts (loin, striploin, chuck roll, chuck tender, short plate, brisket, bottom round, top sirloin, eye of round, and top round) from quality grade 1 beef from 11 Hanwoo steers at Hanwoo Experimental Station of National Institute of Animal Science. The protein contents were higher in top round (Udoon) and eye of round (Hongduke) and lower in loin (Dngsim) and short plate (Abjin) when compared to the other cuts (p<0.05). Whereas the intramuscular fat contents were highest in loin (12.51%), those were lowest in top round (4.14%) (p<0.05). The calories were higher in loin and short plate and lower in top round, chuck tender (Guri), top sirloin (Bosup), eye of round, chuck roll (Moksim), and bottom round (Sulgit) (p<0.05). The cooking loss (%) was 24.38% in loin and it was lower than the other cuts (p<0.05). The bottom round had higher water holding capacity (WHC) and chuck tender had lower WHC than those in the other cuts (p<0.05). In meat color, L* values were higher in loin and lower in top round than the other cuts (p<0.05). Total saturated fatty acid contents were higher in loin and lower in bottom round than the other cuts (p<0.05). In amino acid compositions, top round had significantly higher than those in the other cuts (p<0.05). The iron contents were higher in chuck tender and chuck roll contained higher iron contents than those of the other cuts (p<0.05). In conclusion, the meat quality and nutritional properties were significantly different among 10 cuts in the same quality grade of Hanwoo beef. Therefore, the provision of the meat quality and nutritional information of 10 cuts to consumers could be important for utilization and balanced consumption of different cuts.

The effect of interstitial elements on the ductile-brittle transition behavior of austenitic Fe-18Cr-10Mn-2Ni alloys with different nitrogen and carbon contents was investigated in this study. All the alloys exhibited ductile-brittle transition behavior because of unusual low-temperature brittle fracture, even though they have a faced-centered cubic structure. With the same interstitial content, the combined addition of nitrogen and carbon, compared to the sole addition of nitrogen, improved the low-temperature toughness and thus decreased the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) because this combined addition effectively enhances the metallic component of the interatomic bonds and is accompanied by good plasticity and toughness due to the increased free electron concentration. The increase in carbon content or of the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, however, could increase the DBTT since either of these causes the occurrence of intergranular fracture that lead to the deterioration of the toughness at low temperatures. The secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis results for the observation of carbon and nitrogen distributions confirms that the carbon and nitrogen atoms were significantly segregated to the austenite grain boundaries and then caused grain boundary embrittlement. In order to successfully develop austenitic Fe-Cr-Mn alloys for low-temperature application, therefore, more systematic study is required to determine the optimum content and ratio of carbon and nitrogen in terms of free electron concentration and grain boundary embrittlement.

The aim of this study was to establish the identity of Korean traditional food based on the recorded food preferences during the period of the Chosun Dynasty. Our primary source in this regard was the invaluable, historical document called the "Miam's diary." This important document reveals details of such food preferences from October 1567 to September 1568. By analyzing the income-expenditure trends of virtually every household, this diary was used to describe a vivid traditional food preference of the people during that period. A detailed analysis of the diary reveals the summary of families' characteristics in the 16th century. First, it records the fact that expenditure on food was mainly based on stipend and gifts received. The type of food preferred by the people was diverse in nature; for it included rice, bean, chicken, pheasant, and seafood. However, there were dried or pickled forms too so as to prevent them from undergoing decay. Second, it throws light on the fact that people expended food mainly as a salary for servants. People utilized the income from selling such food items to purchase goods and land. They also used the same either to donate for a funeral or wedding purpose. Third, it records the fact that day-to-day purchase of groceries was mostly based on gift(s) for someone close to them such as a neighbor, colleague, relative, or student. Further, such gifts included small groceries, food items, and clothes. Fourth, based on the data available in the diary, it seemed likely that the gentry families laid emphasis on the customary formalities of a family dating back to as early as the late 16th century. Finally, the document also records the fact that noblemen of the Chosun Dynasty had a notion that they had to extend warmth and affection by presenting generous gifts to their guests at home. Noblemen during that period were very particular in welcoming their guests as they believed that this approach alone would testify their status as noblemen.

A xylan-decomposing Gram-positive bacterium, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans DY-8, was isolated from the gut of a wood-feeding longicorn beetle, Moechotypa diphysis. To amplify a partial fragment of the GH 10 β-1,4- xylanase (XylC) gene of strain DY-8, two degenerated oligonucleotide primers were designed based on strictly conserved regions (WDVVNE and ITELLDV) in the GH family 10 xylanolytic enzymes. The full gene (1488-bp) of XylC, which was predicted to encode a protein consisting of 495 amino acids with a molecular mass of 52.0 kDa and a calculated pI of 6.49, was cloned by repeated DNA walking and nested PCR protocols. The results of a protein blast survey showed that XylC was a β -1,4-xylanase comprised of an N-terminal catalytic GH10 domain (from Ser48 to Leu338) and a C-terminal RICIN domain (from Tyr359 to Leu492). This overall structure of XylC was 57% identical to that of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 β -1,4-xylanase (Accession number: YP_006265966), which has not yet been biochemically characterized.

In general, a wagering is deemed a form of gambling when it has the element of betting on properties. Also, any game that leads to financial loss or gain based on its outcome is also interpreted as a form of gambling. However, what if there is no loss or gain of profit in property? In Korea, this kind of non gambling game is widely called Web Board Game. In recent years, Korea’s game industry has become the new engine for economic growth and positioned itself as the symbol of a successful cultural content. However, despite all this, the popular media has accused game as the cause of gambling. And every year the government is coming out with new regulations that woule be seriously affecting the whole game industry and game developer's life. The most recent regulations are coming from Amendments of Game Industry Promotion Act's Implementing Ordinance in the year of 2013. This study examines and tests the Problem of "webboard-game's daily limit regulation" which is known as the most difficult for developers to materialize from these 2013 years amendments of regulations. And it shows the effectiveness and provides an alternative direction for game development.

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nutrient intake according to metabolic syndrome in Korean elderly. Data on 1,200 elderly (men 545, women 655) over 65 years was obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010. The subjects were divided into metabolic syndrome (MetS) and normal groups based on NCEP-ATP III guidelines and by applying the Asia-Pacific definition with waist circumference. The prevalence of MetS was 48.9% in all subjects, 35.6% in men and 58.9% in women, respectively. All nutrient intake was significantly lower in MetS than normal subjects, except iron, vitamin A, carotene, and retinol. In the carbohydrate: protein: fat (C:P:F) ratio, MetS showed a higher rate for carbohydrate, but a lower rate for protein and fat than normal. MetS was lower in calcium, vitamin B1, and vitamin C by the nutrient adequacy ratio than normal. Mean adequacy ratio of MetS (0.69) was lower than that of the normal group (0.72). These results demonstrated that undernutrition, not excess intake of specific nutrients - energy, fat, or cholesterol was associated with the risk for MetS in Korean elderly with MetS. Therefore, it is recommended to have a healthy dietary pattern with diverse nutrients for the prevention of MetS.

부동산에 관한 점유취득시효의 완성 후 그 등기를 하기 전에 제3자의 처분금지가처분등기가 이루어진 부동산에 관하여 점유자가 취득시효 완성을 원인으로 소유권이전등기를 하였는데, 그 후 가처분권리자가 처분금지가처분의 본안소송에서 승소판결을 받고 그 확정판결에 따라 소유권이전등기를 하였다면, 점유자가 취득시효 완성 후 등기를 함으로써 소유권을 취득하였다는 이유로 그 등기 전에 처분금지가처분을 한 가처분권리자에게 대항할 수 없는 것이 원칙이라고 할 것이다. 그런데 부동산에 관한 점유취득시효 완성 당시의 소유명의자의 소유권등기가 무효이고, 취득시효 완성 후 그 등기 전에 이루어진 처분금지가처분의 가처분권리자가 취득시효 완성 당시 그 부동산의 진정한 소유자이며, 그 가처분의 피보전권리가 소유권에 기한 말소등기청구권 또는 진정명의회복을 위한 이전등기청구권인 경우에도, 위와 같은 원칙이 그대로 관철되어 적용되어야 하는지 여부가 문제된다.이에 대하여 대상 판결은, 부동산에 관한 점유취득시효 완성 당시의 소유명의자의 소유권등기가 무효이고, 취득시효 완성 후 그 등기 전에 이루어진 처분금지가처분의 가처분권리자가 취득시효 완성 당시 그 부동산의 진정한 소유자이며, 그 가처분의 피보전권리가 소유권에 기한 말소등기청구권 또는 진정명의회복을 위한 이전등기청구권인 경우에는, 그 가처분권리자로서는 취득시효 완성을 원인으로 하여 이루어진 소유권이전등기가 자신의 처분금지가처분에 저촉되는 것이라고 주장하여 시효취득자의 소유권취득의 효력을 부정할 수 없으며, 취득시효 완성을 원인으로 하여 그 완성 당시의 등기명의인으로부터 시효취득자 앞으로 이루어진 소유권이전등기는 실체관계에 부합하는 유효한 등기라고 판시하였다.결론적으로 이러한 판시 내용은 기존에 대법원 판례에서 설시되어 온 진정명의회복을 위한 이전등기청구권의 법리와 처분금지가처분의 법리 및 실체관계에 부합하는 등기의 법리와 논리적 일관성이 있다고 보여 법적으로 타당하다고 평가된다.