With the results of observations in 2013 and 2014 including ocean buoys, in-situ investigations and wind data, we examined the spatio-temporal variation of cold water masses along the eastern coast of Korea. Usually, a cold water mass first appears along the northern part of the eastern coast from May to July, and then along the southern part of the eastern coast from late June to mid-August. Cold water masses appear 3~5 times a year and remain for 5~20 days in the southwestern part of the East Sea. A distinctive cold water mass appeared usually in mid-July in this area, the surface temperature of which was below 10℃ in some cases. During the appearance of a cold water mass in the southwestern part of the East Sea, the horizontal temperature gradient was large at the surface and a significant low water temperature below 8℃ appeared at the bottom level. This appearance of cold water masses clearly corresponded to southwesterly winds, which generated coastal upwelling.

울릉 난수성 소용돌이의 수온 변동을 보기 위하여, 동해중부해역(동해항-독도의 지선)에서 2013년 7월부터 2015년 7월까지 소모성 수온기록계(XBT)와 국립수산과학원의 정선 해양 관측 자료를 이용하여 살펴보았다. 울릉 난수성 소용돌이의 완전한 형태를 볼 수 없었을지라도, 조사 단면은 울릉 난수성 소용돌이의 특징을 잘 나타내었다. 그 결과, 수온의 변동계수는 평균 수온이 3~4℃의 범위를 가지는 250 m 깊이에서 가장 크게 나타났다. 250 m 층의 수온 변동계수의 수평적 분포는 울릉도와 한국 동해안 사이의 해역에서 가장 컸으며, 이는 울릉 난수성 소용돌이의 핵이 아닌 주변부 해역이었다. 울릉 난수성 소용돌이는 한국 동해 연안에서 남북 혹은 동서로 움직였다, 울릉 난수성 소용돌이는 주로 울릉도 남서 해역에 존재하였으며, 남북 방향으로의 이동성이 동서 방향으로의 이동성보다 크게 나타났다. 250 m 깊이에서 수온의 변동계수가 크게 나타난 것은 울릉 난수성 소용돌이의 하층부에 있는 동해중층수와의 상호 작용에 의한 것으로 보인다. 이것은 울릉 난수성 소용돌이의 하부 깊이에서 울릉 난수성 소용돌이 주변부와 동해중층수와의 상호 작용이 활발하게 발생하고 있음을 시사하고 있다.

Park Eun-ha. 2016. “Comparative Study of Linguistic Aspects Expressed in Cosmetic TV Commercials: With a Special Focus from 1960 to 1989 and from 2013 to 2015”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(1). 149~174. This study examines and compares characteristics of sentences, vocabularies, textual structures, and types of persuasion in cosmetics TV commercials that have aired before the 1980s (1960~1989) and in the last three years (2013~2015). The study consists of four parts, and the findings are as follows: First, in order of frequency of occurrences, “declarative sentences” ranks the first, followed by “imperative sentences” before the 1980s and “interrogative sentences” in the last three years. Word final endings reveal that nouns have been the most frequent in both periods, followed by haera style before the 1980s and haeyo style in the last three years. Second, this study examines the main topic and characteristics of vocabulary in cosmetics TV commercials. The results show that “skin” is the most frequent main topic in both periods. Remarkable topics in use indicate: “color” and “scent” before the 1980s, “moisture” and “anti-aging” in the last three years. In the use of foreign languages, alphabets have been in use for the written caption in the last 3 years, while Hangeul (Korean alphabet) were used for the written caption before the 1980s. Third, with regard to the textual structure, it is noted that the structural factors of the advertising texts were observed similarly. In the two periods under study, caption and female narrators texts have been the most frequently or mainly. Compared from 1960 to 1989 with from 2013 to 2015, male characters have appeared somewhat in the last three years while there have been no male characters before the 1980s. Finally, for the type of persuasion, “straightforward type” ranks the highest, followed by “economical type”, and “CM song type” before the 1980s, and “mixed type” among various types in the last three years.

한국 주변 해역에서 수온과 살오징어 유생 분포와의 관계를 파악하기 위해 서해 중부(2013년 8월), 동중국해 북부(2013년 8월), 동해 남부연안(2013년 6월, 11월, 2014년 4월, 5월, 6월, 8월, 9월) 등 3개 해역에서 유생 채집과 CTD 조사를 하였다. 유생 채집은 망구 직경 60 cm, 망목 333 ㎛의 Bongo net를 조사선 속도 2-3 knot에 맞춰 저층 부근에서 표층까지 경사채집(oblique tow) 하였다. 서해 중부에서는 오징어 유생이 발견되지 않았으며, 동중국해 북부에서는 외투장 1.0 ㎜의 1 개체가 발견되었다. 동해에서는 총 39 개체의 유생이 발견되었으며, 외투장 범위는 1.9-13.5 mm이다. 2013년 8월 서해 중부의 표층 수온은 약 30℃인 반면 30 m 이하에서는 10℃ 이하로 낮게 나타나 살오징어 유생의 생존에 적합한 수온(15-24℃)의 공간적 분포가 좁았다. 동중국해 북부의 표층 수온은 31℃에 이르는 고온이며, 50 m 이하 수심에서도 20℃ 이상의 수온이 분포하여 비교적 깊은 수심에 유생이 분포하는 것으로 추정되었다. 동해 남부 연안에서는 관측기간 동안 유생의 생존에 적합한 수온이 75 m보다 얕았다.

This study is aimed at analyzing social policy for unmarried single parents in Jeju Special Self- Governing Province, South Korea from 2005 to 2015 over 10 years by applying the policy analysis frame: dimensions of choice by Gilbert and Terrell(2013). The analysis result is as follows. First, the allocation dimension of who benefits has extended from selectivity of shelter-oriented service to universalism of community-based welfare services, which include not only unmarried mothers with their baby but also unmarried fathers with their baby. Second, social provisions have been enlarged and varied, ranging from simple shelter services to a multitude of services including shelter, voucher, cash, educational services, housing services and job training services etc. as shelter service changed into home-care service. Thirdly, the delivery system of social services for unmarried single parents has been changed from central governmental level through Jeju Special Provincial government to Jeju city government level. Research results found that all levels of government should reorganize and reform the service administration system for unmarried single parents, separated and specialized from family problems to meet the needs of a growing numberof single parents and various family types. Fourth, as financial resources of categorical grants from the central government to local government has been changed into block grants, financial deficit of local government can shake policy stability. That's why local communities should establish local ordinances to make all community social policy stable. Consequently, this policy analysis found that social welfare service for unmarried single parents has expanded but the financial resource limitation of local government can undermine the policy stability in the near future.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between white rice consumption and dietary intake, the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean based on 1st (1998), 4th (2007~2009), 6th (2013) KNHANES. This study included 25,799 subjects who were age 10 or over. Three groups(low, medium, high) were divided according to white rice consumption (per day). In the low group, the meat and oil intake were significantly higher than the high group. In the 1st survey year, the BMI, waist circumstances, hypertriglyceridemia and fasting blood glucose in the high group were higher than other groups, however the 4th and 6th survey year showed no significant results. In the 1st survey year the risk of waist circumstances was higher in the high white rice consumption group and also had high risk with hypertriglyceridemia. Since the lower white rice consumption in 4th than 1st survey year we found no significant results. But in the 6th survey year with the lowest white rice consumption the risk of high diastolic pressure was reduced in high group. Because continuously reduced white rice consumption meantime showed more intake of meat and oil, it can be concluded that defensive effects with the Korean health.

Trombiculid mites are known to be the vector of scrub typhus by transmitting rickettsial pathogen, Orientia tsutsugamushi, to human. In this study, we tried to establish a monitoring system for trombiculid mites using chigger mite collecting traps instead of the conventional rodent-capture method. For selection of collecting points, 10 environmental points were chosen from three regions (Taean, Jinan and Chungju) and two field collections were performed in spring (March-May) and autumn (October-November) seasons from 2013 to 2014. Among 10 environmental points, waterway (37.9%), grass field (28.0%), rice field and field near mountain side (11.4%) and reservoir/wet field (7.3%) showed high collecting rates and they should be included for the representative collecting points for surveillance using chigger mite collecting trap. In order to test the possibility that the dried chigger mites from collecting trap can be used for detection of O. tsutsugamushi, we pooled 30, 10 and 5 chigger mites separately and performed the nested PCR. The infection of O. tsutsugamushi was successfully detected from 5 chigger mites pooling sample. This study shows that chigger mite collecting trap could be an alternative method for monitoring system of scrub typhus vectors.

Low resolution spectra of Nova Delphini 2013 (V339 Del) in the optical range have been obtained at Bosscha Observatory, Indonesia during its maximum light (V = 4.3). Spectra were observed from August 16 to 27, 2013. The GAO-ITB RTS 20.3 cm telescope, and SBIG DSS-7 spectrograph and SBIG ST-7 XE as the detector have been employed throughout the observations. The spectra show P-Cygni profiles in Balmer, NaI`D' and Fe II lines, from which we determined shell expansion velocities of 1421.6639.18 km/s, 1227.5421.57 km/s and 1402.86 km/s, respectively. Our spectroscopic observations followed the spectral evolution of V339 Del from the pre-maximum phase to early Orion phase. The characteristics of the nova Delphini 2013 resembles those of Fe II-type novae.

The Korean National Residue Program (KNRP) use three plans for the sampling of domestic meats: monitoring, surveillance, and exploratory testing. We analyzed the results of monitoring and surveillance for residual veterinary drugs and pesticides in meat during 2012 and 2013. KNRP targets food-producing animals including cattle, pigs, chickens, ducks, sheep (goats), and horses. Sampling mainly focuses on veterinary drugs and pesticide residues found in tissues such as muscle, kidney, and liver. A total of 548 residue violations occurred between 2012 and 2013, mainly in pigs (427 violations) and cattle (113 violations). The most commonly found compounds were antimicrobials such as penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and macrolides. Pig residue violations were mainly for the presence of penicillins (34%) and fluoroquinolones (28%), while most residue violations in cattle were due to the presence of penicillins (32%) and aminoglycosides (27%). The overall rates of violations were 0.21% in 2012 and 0.10% in 2013. A major cause of violations was the failure to follow the appropriate withdrawal periods (68.8%). The results of the KNRP were analyzed to provide information on agricultural chemical residues that are of public health concern and to help control and prevent residue violations for ensuring food safety.

2009년부터 2013년까지 경기지역 농산물도매시장으로 유입된 채소류에 대해 농약 잔류량을 조사한 결과 허용기 준초과 빈도가 높은 5개 품목은 엽채류 중 쑥갓 48건5.8%), 근대 28건(5.1%), 시금치 28건(3.4%), 깻잎 25건3.4%), 참나물 24건(3.7%) 순으로 나타났다. 쑥갓과 근대는 6~9월에 높게 나타났고 시금치는 10~11월과 12~1월에높게 나타났다. 깻잎은 7~8월 사이와 1월에 높게 나타났으며 참나물은 8~9월에 허용기준초과율이 높게 나타났다. 월별 단가와 잔류농약 검출률 간의 상간관계를 분석하고자 Pearson``s correlation을 수행한 결과 참나물, 시금치, 깻잎의 경우 양의 관계(Pearson r = 0.337, 0.316, 0.297)를 나타내어 통계학적으로 유의적 차이를 나타내었다. 품목별월별 단가와 잔류농약 허용기준초과률율 간의 상호관계를 분석하고자 Pearson``s correlation을 수행한 결과 참나물, 쑥갓은 양의 관계(Pearson r = 0.259, 0.256)를 나타내어 통계 학적으로 유의적 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). 5종의 엽채류중 참나물, 시금치, 깻잎, 쑥갓에서 월별 단가와 잔류농약 검출률 또는 허용기준초과율 중 한 가지 이상에서 상관관계를 나타내었다. 향후 월별 단가와 농약 잔류에 대한 전국단위의 연구조사가 필요할 것으로 판단되며 잔류농약 허용기준초과 빈도를 저감화하기 위해서는 각각 농산물에 대한 농약 안전사용기준 준수와 수확 전 농약 사용 금지기간을 준수하여야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

상법 제336조 제1항에서는 주식의 양도는 주권의 교부에 의한다고 규정하고 있다. 그러나 일정한 경우 주권의 발행 전에도 주식의 양도를 인정한다. 이때는 주권의 교부없이 주식의 양도가 이루어지므로 주식의 이중양도의 가능성이 있게 된다. 그런데 주식의 양도에 관하여 상법에서는 단지 명의개서를 하지 않으면 회사에 대하여 대항할 수 없다는 취지의 규정(상법 제337조 제1항)만을 두고 있다. 만일 동일 주식이 이중으로 양도되었다면 이중 양도인 상호간에 누구에게 우선권을 인정할 것인가 하는 문제와, 회사는 이 경우 누구를 주주로 인정할 것인가라는 문제가 발생하는 바, 상법 제337조 제1항의 문언은 이러한 문제에 대한 해법을 제시하기에는 부족하다. 결과적으로, 주권발행 전 주식양도시에 양도의 효력요건과 대항요건, 그리고 대항할 수 있다는 것의 구체적인 의미에 대해서는 학설과 판례에 맡겨져 있다. 이에 대하여 다수설·판례는 주권발행전의 주식양도에 대하여 민법상의 지명채권양도의 방법에 의하고, 그 대항력도 결정된다고 한다. 이 논문은 주권발행전의 주식의 이중양도가 문제된 대법원 판례를 중심으로 검토하고 있다. 이 사안에서 이중 양수인 모두 민법상의 제3자에 대한 대항요건을 갖추지 못하였다. 그러나 제2양수인이 명의개서를 하였음에도 제1양수인은 이를 하지 못하였고, 회사는 그러한 사유를 알고 있었다. 이에 대하여 고등법원 판결은 제1양수인이 주주로 취급되어야 한다고 판시함에 반하여 대법원에서는 이중양수인 모두 제3자에 대한 대항요건을 갖추지 못하였으므로, 어느 당사자도 다른 당사자에 대하여 우위에 있지 않으며, 회사로서는 주주명부상의 주주를 주주로 취급해야 할 의무를 가지고 있으므로 주주명부의 기재에 따라서 주주로서의 권리행사의 기회를 제공한 회사의 행위에 아무런 하자가 없다는 태도를 취하였다. 기본적으로 이 논문은 대법원의 태도가 타당하다는 입장에서 논리를 전개하였다.

We examined the appearance of cold water in the southwest region of the East Sea, based on the sea surface temperature (SST) at the east coast of Korea and buoy data in Donghae (37°31’N, 130°00’E, 80 km east away from Donghae port) and Pohang (36°21’N, 129°46’E, 35 km east away from Ganggu port) from June to August in 2013. Also, the serial oceanographic data of National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) were used to see the oceanographic conditions for June and August in 2013. The SST anomaly at the east coast showed negative values in 3~6°C from 2 July. At Janggigab, the SST anomaly showed negative value amount to 10°C in 8 July. The negative values of SST anomaly continued to the middle of August at Janggigab. The wind speed was 6~11 m/s and the direction was south-southwestly in 1 July. The wind speed amounts to 6~16 m/s in 2 July. It means that the strong wind induced the upwelling effect by a day. The temperature was lower than normal at the depth in 20 m of the East Sea in June and August. The air pressure was 996~998 hPa in the beginning of July. It was the lowest air pressure during the studied period. The correlation was 0.3 between the SST anomaly and air pressure. It was suggested that the appearance of cold water in the East Sea was influenced by a stirring due to wind and low air pressure as well as coastal upwelling.

The powered purse seine fishery is an important fishery accounting for 19.4% of adjacent water fishery production in Korea, and the commercial fishing is associated with high rate of fatal and non-fatal occupational injury. The hazard analysis for the fishermen’s safety of offshore large powered purse seiner was conducted to serve as a basic data for improving the healthy and safe working environment of fishermen using fishermen’s occupational accidents of the national federation of fisheries cooperatives (NFFC) in 2013 (n=583). As a result, the occupational accident occurrence rate of this fishery was 182.6‰ in all industries 30.9 times the rate of that. In addition, death and missing rate was found to have a very serious level management to 25.1‱ in all industries of death of 17.5 times. The accident occurred in 72.3 to 85.8% was happened at sea. The others, slipping and struck by object etc occurred more frequently in order in the frequency of accident occurrence pattern. However, the occurrence rate of death and missing did not match the frequency of accident pattern. In other words, slipping occurred frequently higher while death and missing risk was not high. And the contact with fishing gear and fall in the waters was low while death and missing risk was high. The results are expected to contribute for identification and assessment of safety hazard occurred in offshore large powered purse seiners.

Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) is one of the most important species in the South Sea of South Korea. In order to estimate the biomass of anchovy, acoustic surveys, concurrently with trawling, were conducted in April, July, and September of 2013 and February of 2014 off the coast of Tongyeong and Yeosu. However, anchovies were found only during spring (April) and winter (February) surveys. To display only anchovy species confirmed by trawls on empty spaced echograms, virtual echograms were created. Three target strength (TS) values of anchovy were used: TS_z = 20 log L – (20/3) log (1+z/10) – 67.6 (Zhao et al.), TS_y =20 log L – 72.9 (Yoon et al.), TS_f = 20 log L – 71.9 (Foote). For anchovy schools combined with other species e.g., hairtail, squid, and Korean pomfret, their TS values were used to calculate an average TS. As a result, the anchovy biomass in the winter survey was approximately 75,000 tons (TS_z), 90,000 tons (TS_f), 114,000 tons (TS_y), respectively. The biomass in spring was 9,000 tons (TS_z), 9,200 tons (TS_f), 10,000 tons (TS_y). The sampling variance of spring was 70% and of winter was 30%. In order to manage anchovy resource sustainably, larvae and adult anchovy should be separately surveyed, the optimal area, date, and time for acoustic survey should be investigated, and the biomass survey should be done for relatively long and regular base.