엘리엇의 『네 사중주』는 자연에 나타난 이미지를 매우 중요하게 사용 하고 있는데, 이러한 이미지는 동양의 고전 『주역』에서도 매우 비슷하 게 나타나고 있다. 『주역』은 어떠한 복잡한 사상 체계라기보다 매우 간 단하고 명료한 자연의 이치를 담고 있는 동양의 고전으로서, 이후의 많 은 동양사상에 근본적인 바탕을 제공해 왔다. 이러한 자연의 이치는 매 우 정교하면서도 또한 보편적이기 때문에 이로부터 연역해 내는 많은 철학사상들은 매우 동양의 사회문화 사상의 바탕이 되어 왔다. 엘리엇 이 『네 사중주』에서 다르고 있는 이미지는 『주역』에서 삶의 근본 원리 로 삼았던 자연의 이미지와 매우 유사하게 다루어지고 있다. 불교의 영 향을 거치면서 『주역』에 내재된 사상이 직,간접적으로 엘리엇의 시학 및 사상을 형성하는데 영향을 주었을 것으로 사료된다. 특히 엘리엇 시 학의 핵심이라고 할 수 있는 정지점의 개념은 『주역』에서 『중용』으로 이어지는 동양적인 중용사상과 매우 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 매우 형이상학적이고 관념론적인 것 같은 엘리엇의 핵심적인 시학 이론의 배경에 이와 같은 심원한 동양적 사상의 단초가 배태되어 있는 것은 매우 놀라운 일일 뿐만 아니라, 향후 중국의 문화를 이해하는 통섭적인 연구에도 많은 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

A study to apply phase change material(PCM) to rapid hardening cement paste forming semi-rigid pavement was carried out. The characteristics fresh and hardened paste were evaluated through the experiment for a total of 6 mixtures according to the cement type and the substitution of phase change material for acrylate. The fluidity by substituting phase change material for acrylate satisfied the target flow time of 10 to 13 seconds. In case of setting time, it was possible to secure the performance of rapid hardening cement by substituting phase change material, and if the substitution ratio over 60%, the initial set occurred 1 to 2 minutes faster than other mixtures. In case of compressive strength and bond strength, it showed similar strength characteristics with the plain mixture, and it satisfied both the target compressive and bonding strength of 36MPa and 2MPa. The mixture substituting phase change material showed higher resistance to chloride ion penetration than the mixture only using acrylate and the OPC level was insufficient. From the results of physical and mechanical performances of semi-rigid pavement cement paste, the phase change material substitution rate of 20% was effective in the range of this study.

China bodiless lacquer is blessed with a long history, its based technique is derived from the ancient Dry Lacquer. With the development of the traditional paint process, dry lacquer is one of the inner tube skeleton structure.After spread to Japan and Southeast Asia. With the weakness of traditional lacquer art in modern China, the Ming and Qing Dynasties lacquer make only limited "tick rhino", "inlaid with mother" and several other varieties, hence, many old techniques gradually lost. On the basis of reviving the traditional art, Fuzhou Shen Shao’an improves the production process and become the fathers of modern China bodiless lacquer. After the Shen family for several generations of painstaking efforts to develop, Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware finally become master of modern China, Fujian become the center of an important foundation lacquer. The biggest characteristic of Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware is slim. Since Fuzhou lacquerware came into being in the hands of Mr. Shen Shao’an, it has hereafter been enjoying well-known fame in and outside China for its magnificent colors, light and thin bodies, and ingenious designs. Early bodiless lacquerware only showed statues, longevity, etc., and later developed into fruits, animals and all kinds of utensils. Late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, With the opening of the door Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware went out of China, bodiless boutiques sent by Shen's family repeatedlyreceived awards abroad, and it further promoted the development of Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware industry. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, on the basis of Shen's lacquerware shop, Shen’s established a bodiless lacquerware companies, later transformed into bodiless lacquerware production cooperatives. In 1957, the first state-run Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware factory established and then the second. So far, Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware entered the most glorious period of history, the production scale greatly enhance, the artistic style is more diverse, and it become a national lacquerware industry leader. The production of Bodiless lacquerware is a complex process, the raw material is extremely demanding, it requires more time and more labors, and its production process determines the specificity of the high cost. In China's reform and opening up to the market economy, the export orders reduce substantially, the first factory and the second were bankrupted in the 1990s, bodiless lacquer production was into the trough. In recent years, increasing the degree of social respect to handicrafts and supporting for traditional crafts by country, Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware ushered in the spring. Through field surveys and literature research, grasping the operating conditions of Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware industry, deeply analysing the current situations and discussing the way out is an important issue. As the lacquer industry base of China, the current problem of Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware also represents China’s situation, and to explore the road of change about Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware means to explore the Chinese lacquer revitalization of the road.

상품에 나타난 이미지들을 대량생산체계를 구축한 생산자의 의도적 선전물로 규정한 보드리야르(Baudrillard)의 상품 이미 지에 대한 언어적 개념은 데이비스(Davis)의 브랜드 연상 개념으로 변환되는데, 이것의 핵심은 상품과 브랜드이미지에 나 타난 다양한 형상들이 소비자들의 욕구에 의해서 제작되어지는 것이 아니라 대량생산체계와 선전의 능력을 지닌 생산자의 힘에 의해 사회적 언어체계를 구축한다는 점이다. 본고는 소비사회의 언어적 속성을 가지는 기호로서의 상품과 브랜드이미 지를 보드리야르의 이론에 기초하여 한국 베이커리 산업의 변천 과정의 고찰을 통해 규명하고자 한다. 상품과 브랜드이미지는 소비자의 자발적 욕구의 구현을 초월하여 나타나는 소비사회의 기호로서 일반대중인 소비자에게 주어지는 선택 조건이며, 대중은 소비를 통해서 사회적 언어체계에 참여할 뿐이다. 상품과 브랜드이미지에서 나타난 시대 적 변화는 소비사회 속으로 편입된 대중의 가치관의 변화이고, 이는 초개인적이며 동시대 사람들의 시대정신을 반영하고, 소비행위의 내면에 존재하는 진정한 욕구의 민낯인 것이다. 상품과 브랜드이미지에 함축된 상징성에는 대중이 소비사회에 내재된 언어체계에 의해 통제 받는 기호 해석자라는 의미를 내포하고 있으며, 이는 소비사회에서 특정한 의미를 가지는 기 호의 형상적 실현이 대량생산체계를 가진 생산자들에 의해 상품과 브랜드이미지로 나타나게 되는 것이다. 소비라는 행위에 의해 표출되는 일반대중의 소비사회의 언어체계의 참여라는 개념은 소비자의 상품 구매가 실제적 사용가 치의 충족이라기보다는 소비사회에서 타인과 연계 혹은 구별되는 의미론적 기호의 소비라는 브랜드 연상 작용을 본고에서 는 보드리야르의 소비이론을 기반으로 정의할 것이다.

19세기에 이르러 순수 기악음악이 언어에 비해 사물의 본질을 더 잘 표현해낼 수 있을 것 이라는 사고가 형성되면서, 음악은 가사나 줄거리, 기능성에서 벗어나 독립적 존립이 가능해 졌으며, ‘참된 본질 자체’로서의 예술의 ‘절대성’을 부여받게 되었다. 음악이 음악 외에 무언 가를 ‘표현’할 수 있다는 이러한 사고는 19세기 표제음악 발전의 중요한 출발점이 된다. 특히 이 시기 표제음악 작곡가들은 음악의 표현 대상을 ‘비규정적인 것’(Unbestimmten)에서 ‘규정 적인 것’(Bestimmten)까지 확대시키고자 하였다. 즉 이들은 표현어법을 계속해서 발전시키 다보면 음악도 언어와 마찬가지로 대상을 보다 구체적이고 명확하게 표현할 수 있을 것이라 믿었다. 그리고 리스트의 교향시는 바로 이러한 표제음악의 발전 한 가운데에 위치하고 있 다.

Background : In recent years, as the ginseng cultivation area using vinyl house is increasing, the demand of farmhouses for the studies of appropriate direct seeding cultivation and ginseng varieties for vinyl house cultivation is increasing, and there is a necessity to produce high quality clean ginseng in vinyl house in tandem with the consumers’ demand for pesticide-free ginseng and the supply-demand of ginseng seedling for sprout ginseng. Thus, the authors of this study analyzed the change of photosynthetic properties according to the cropping pattern and varieties with the aim to use the results of this study as the primary date for improving the quality of ginseng cultivated in vinyl house. Methods and Results : The authors analyzed the change of photosynthetic properties for the 3-year old ginseng cultivated through direct seeding according to the ginseng field levee height (10, 20, 30cm) and width (90, 100, 110, 120cm). The results suggested that with an increase in light intensity, the photosynthesis tends to increase regardless of levee height and width. When the levee width was 90cm, the photosynthesis increased as the levee height was reduced and it increased as the levee height increased when the levee width was 100cm. The photosynthesis was high when the levee height was 20cm for the levee width of 110cm and 120cm. The photosynthesis was analyzed for 11 varieties of 3-year old ginseng cultivated through direct seeding. The results suggested that the photosynthesis tends to increase as the light intensity increased in all 11 varieties, and the photosynthesis was the highest at 500PAR(ray source: 3.23umolCO2m-2s-1㎛ol) in the order of Cheonpoong, Yeonpoong, Cheongson and Sonwoon. Conclusion : The results of this study suggested that the photosynthesis according to the direct seeding cultivation in vinyl house increased as the levee height decreased for the levee width of 90cm and it was high when the levee height was 20cm for the levee width of 120cm. For the ginseng variety, Sonwon and Cheonpoong showed the highest photosynthesis.

Background : Cirsium japonicum seeds is the high price, less than 40% germination rate is low. There is a need for a method developed to increase seed germination rate increases consumption. Also, by measuring the harvest season each functional ingredients contents was performed to investigate the optimal timing harvest of ingredients that target. Methods and Results : Test materials were used Cirsium japonicum seeds harvested from late May until mid-June in medicinal testing ground. GA3(0, 25, 50, 100 ppm), Kinetin(0, 25, 50, 100 ppm) and KNO3(0, 25, 50, 100 ppm) of Growth regulator were treated, it examined the population grew more than 1 ㎜. Contents of functional components to harvest season analyzed by HPLC after pre-treatment harvested and drying the leaves and roots in late august until early November. Germination rate of the growth regulator treatment was higher by 52% from the full ripening brown seeds GA3 100 ppm, 56% in the Kinetin 50 ppm, KNO3 treatment in 52% germination in 25 mM. The white seed germination rate was low at less than 10% of all growth regulator treatment. Functional ingredient content of leaf according to harvest time were higher respectively Rutin is 8.61 ug/g in late october, apigenin is 59.6 ug/g in beginning november, quercetin is 8.61 ug/g in beginning september, kaemferol is 32.9 ug/g in late september. Very low content in roots, there was no significant difference. The main ingredient silymarin was highest 4.36 ㎎/g at the late september in case of leaf, and syringin was maintained at a high level from mid-september to early october. Conclusion : Seed germination is thought to be able to increase the germination through the growth regulator treatment and assort brown seed. Functional components according to the harvest time is determined to be able to improve effective component when processing harvest to select a high yield by the component for the purpose.

This study aims to analyze the priority of regional climate change policy utilizing AHP (analytic hierarchy process) at the area of Metropolitan City of Incheon. It derives four factors at first hierarchical level, at which level the analysis of pair-wise comparison indicates that industrial sector, energy sector, climate change response, and green culture policy are considered important in that order. It also ends up with sixteen factors at second level. The result of comparison analysis between all factors reveals that investment promotion in green technology R&D is considered the most significant factor of all, followed by establishment of green enterprise support system, electricity-efficiency enhancement support project and build-up of green culture policy governance. The result implies that diverse promotional policies have to incorporate business, institutional, and cultural aspects for sustainable climate change policy of regions. The contribution of this study is that it highlights the need to include regional characteristics in deciding priority among policy options for them to be effective.

In this study, the intensity change of a crack and concrete surface as light condition was estimated by using a reflection model. The result shaw that the concrete surface intensity was proportional to the light incident degree and the crack intensity was affected by the geometry of the crack.

This study was evaluated of the fluidity of the mortar according to the size chance in order to examine whether ferro-nickel slag that produced by-product of making stainless steel applies to the fine aggregate.

It is important to analysis a Response change of measured data in order to observe displacement of Dam. So, we are able to judge what problems happen in dam throughout this analysis. In this study, Response Change judged abnormal behavior show about an example of analysis on a Dam in South Korea and we supposed current condition of this dam.

There is a need to analyze unconfined groundwater behavior since the demand of groundwater use has been increasing. While unconfined groundwater temperature is tend to be affected by air temperature, it is hard to find an empirical study in South Korea. In this research, we try to determine the relationship between daily average air temperature and daily average groundwater temperature by time-sequential analysis of groundwater monitoring wells in Galshin basin in Yesan-Gun, Chungcheongnam-Do. In addition, models to estimate groundwater temperature from air temperature were developed. In this research 101-day moving average method with measured air temperature is used to estimate groundwater temperature. To verify the developed model, estimated values of average groundwater temperature with 101 moving average are compared to the measured data from September 10 2007 to September 9 2008. And, Nash-Stucliff Efficiency and Coefficient of Determination were 0.970 and 0.976, therefore it was concluded that the model allowing groundwater temperature estimation from air temperature is with reasonable applicability.

섬유보강콘크리트의 균열발생 평가는 보통 인장강도나 휨강도가 지표가 되지만 시험체 제작 과정 시에 이루어지는 양생의 영향도 좌우된다. 일반적으로 콘크리트 시험체는 20±3°C의 온도에서 수중양생을 실시한 후 강도 평가를 수행하나 실구조물은 습윤양생을 소정의 기 간 동안 실시한 후 건조 상태로 된다. 이러한 기술적인 진보가 이루어지고 있는 경향과는 달리 양생방법의 차이가 균열발생 강도에 미치는 영향 은 아직 명확하지 않고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 섬유보강콘크리트의 역학적 특성, 특히 균열발생강도에 미치는 양생방법의 영향 에 대해서 검토하였다.

To predict annual energy production (AEP) accurately in the wind farm where located in Seongsan, Jeju Island, Equivalent wind speed (EQ) which can consider vertical wind shear well than Hub height wind speed (HB) is calculated. AEP is produced by CFD model WindSim from National wind resource map. EQ shows a tendency to be underestimated about 2.7% (0.21 m/s) than HB. The difference becomes to be large at nighttime when wind shear is large. EQ can be also affected by atmospheric stability so that is classified by wind shear exponent (). AEP is increased by 11% when atmosphere becomes to be stabilized ( > 0.2) than it is convective ( < 0.1). However, it is found that extreme wind shear ( > 0.3) is hazardous for power generation. This results represent that AEP calculated by EQ can provide improved accuracy to short-term wind power forecast and wind resource assessment.

미래 기후변화 시나리오에 따르면 극한강우사상이 현재보다 더 강화될 것으로 전망되기 때문에, 기후변화의 영향이 추정절차에 반영되지 않는 다면 가능최대강수량(PMPs)을 과소 추정하게 될 가능성이 매우 높다. 본 연구에서는 미래의 강우 변동이 반영된 PMPs가 추정된다. PMPs 계산을 위하여 수문기상학적 방법이 이용되며, 기존에 사용되어오던 지형영향비를 대신하여 산악전이비가 가능최대강수량의 산정에 적용된다. 미래 주 요호우사상들로부터의 DAD는 기상청 RCM (HEDGEM3-RA) RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오의 일 강수자료를 기반으로 편의보정 및 이동평균 된 변화인자를 이용하여 간접적으로 산출된다. 미래 PMPs 산출결과, 현재보다 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며 증가율은 2045년 기준으로 평균적으로 연간 3 mm 정도 증가하는 것으로 예측되었으며, 먼 미래로 갈수록 PMPs의 증가율은 커졌으나 미래강우자료로부터 유발되는 PMPs 추정의 불확 실성 또한 증가되고 있는 것으로 파악된다

Purpose: This study tested the health action process approach (HAPA) as a motivational model for physical activity in a longitudinal sample of 483 adults (275 males, 208 females) over a 10 week period. Methods: Participants' action self-efficacy, decision balance for exercise, perceived risk awareness and intention were measured at baseline (Time 1). Maintenance self-efficacy, action planning and action control were measured 5 weeks later (Time 2). Physical activity behavior was measured 10 weeks after baseline (Time 3). Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the HAPA model. Results: The first model showed that intention was a significant predictor of physical activity behavior. The second model, which included the volitional components of the HAPA model, did significantly increased the proportion of behavior explained. The third model showed that intention, maintenance self-efficacy and action control were positive predictors of physical activity behavior. Conclusion: Findings suggest that HAPA provides a useful framework for identifying determinants of physical activity intention and behavior within a group of middle-aged adults.

This study investigated the effect of heat treatments on the quality characteristics of fresh-cut 'Romaine' lettuce by treating in hot water (45, 50, and 55℃) for 2 minutes. Sensory properties, respiration rate, ethylene production, microbial growth, browning index, total phenolics (TP), vitamin C, and antioxidant properties (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays) of samples were evaluated after 5 days at 5℃. All heat treatment conditions tested in this study did not affect the change in TP after storage. Treatment at 45℃ enhanced respiration rate and ethylene production wheres decreased vitamin C content and antioxidant activities. There was no significant difference in browning index at 45℃ treatment. The rapid tissue softening occurred when treated with 55℃ hot water for 2 minutes. The 50℃ heat treatments exhibited the best quality index including texture and color, and inhibited microbial growth and browning after storage. In addition, the 50℃ heat treatment showed the highest vitamin C content and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assay) after storage. Therefore, the 50℃ heat treatment can be used to maintain quality and antioxidant property of fresh-cut ‘Romain’ lettuce.

현재 대형 빌딩이나 공동주택에 건설되는 지하구조물은 건조수축, 시공이음, 폼타이부 등에서 콘크리트 균열로 인한 누수가 많이 발생되고 있다. 누수가 발생하게 되면 구조물의 지하공간은 결로, 곰팡이 등이 발생되어 지하 환경을 악화시키고 구조물의 콘크리트로 흡수되 면 철근의 부식 등을 유발하여 구조물의 안전을 위협한다. 이는 지하구조물의 사용과정에서 장기적인 쾌적성과 구조물에 안전성이 고려되지 않은 설계와 시공의 결과이며 누수 하자에 대하여 유도배수처리로 대응하기 때문에 근본적인 누수보수가 이루어지지 않아 지하구조물은 항시 누수를 허용하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지하에 적용되는 방수공법을 내방수와 외방수로 분류하고 이를 바탕으로 지하구조물 과 유사한 간이시험체를 제작하였으며, 결로가 많이 발생되는 동절기의 온도조건을 기준으로 지하환경의 방수공법별 습도변화량을 분석할 것 이다.

Jeju Island is the highest rain-prone area in Korea that possesses affluent water resources, but future climate changes are predicted to further increase vulnerabilities as resultant of increasing of extreme events and creating spatial-temporal imbalance in water resources. Therefore, this study aimed to provide basic information to establish a proper water resources management plan by evaluating the effects of climate change on water resources using climate change scenario. Direct runoff ratio for 15 years (2000~2014) was analyzed to be 11∼32% (average of 23%), and average direct runoff ratio for the next 86 years (2015∼2100) was found as 28%, showing an increase of about 22% compared to the present average direct runoff ratio (23%). To assess the effects of climate change on long-term runoff, monthly runoff variation of future Gangjeong watershed was analyzed by dividing three time periods as follows: Present (2000∼2030), Future 1 (2031∼2070) and Future 2 (2071∼ 2100). The estimated results showed that average monthly runoff increases in the future and the highest runoff is shown by Future 2. Extreme values has been expected to occur more frequently in the future as compared to the present.