This study was conducted to evaluate the health risk of workers exposed to phenyl glycidyl ether to prevent themfrom developing occupational diseases. The workplaces that coat floor with epoxy were selected and the sampleswere collected and analyzed with NIOSH 1619 Method. Unit risk was calculated according to the animalcarcinogenicity study. Excess cancer risk was also calculated by multiplying unit risk by exposure concentration.Monte Carlo simulation was performed to calculate the median, cumulative 90%, and cumulative 95% value.Phenyl glycidyl ether is a skin, eye irritator and can result in allergic reaction, nausea, intoxication. Unit risk wascalculated as 0.04 (mg/m³)-¹ based on the tumor incidence in rats. Geometric mean and geometric standarddeviation was also calculated as 0.112 ppm and 0.223, respectively by the workplace environment measurements.The median, cumulative 90%, and cumulative 95% value of excess cancer risk were calculated as 0.0244, 0.1328,0.1596, respectively. Not only cumulative 90% and cumulative 95% value but also the median of excess cancerrisk is much higher than 1×10-⁴ by the risk characterization, so there is a possibility of carcinogenesis to workers.Therefore, supervisors or managers of each workplace have to keep doing the risk management of their workplacesfor workers to reduce exposure to phenyl glycidyl ether.

Bioactive peptides function effectively with a minimal amount compared to proteins. Recently SPARC related modular calcium binding 1 (SMOC1) has been implicated in regulating osteoblast differentiation and limb and eye development. In this study we synthesized a peptide covering 16 amino acids derived from the extracellular calcium binding (EC) domain of SMOC1, and its effects on proliferation and osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were examined. Treatment of SMOC1 peptide did not modulate proliferation of BMSCs. However, mineralization of BMSCs was significantly increased with a dose dependent manner. Consistently expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes including type 1 collagen and osteocalcin was also dose dependently increased. Taken together, these results suggest that peptide derived from the EC domain of SMOC1 recapitulates at least partially osteogenic function of SMOC1.

Dibenzylideneacetone (DBA), an analogue of curcumin has been shown to have anti-cancer activity in a variety of tumor cell lines. However, the anti-cancer activity of DBA and its molecular mechanism in HN22 oral cancer cell line have not been fully explored. The effects of DBA on anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity were evaluated by the trypan blue exclusion assay, 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Western blot analysis, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Our data showed that the treatment of DBA to HN22 cells exerted anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities and the activity was accompanied by a decrease in Sp1 protein, Sp1 mRNA and its promoter activity. DBA also reduced the expression level of Sp1 protein and caused apoptotic cell death in HN22 cells simultaneouly. Phosphorylation of ERK and JNK were regulated by DBA whereas phosphorylation of p38 was not altered. Overall, our results suggest that the regulation of Sp1 activities and ERK/JNK are involved in DBA-induced apoptosis and DBA can be a promising anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of oral cancer.

Smoking is a risk factor for oral leukoplakia and oral cancer, as well as lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases and many other systemic diseases. Smoking is considered increasing factor of some oral diseases involved indigenous bacteria. In addition, a relationship between smoking and infection of Human papillomavirus (HPV), which is associated with oropharyngeal cancer, remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess whether smoking has an impact on increase of bacteria inducing oral disease such as dental caries and periodontitis, and HPV infection. DNA of saliva gathered from smokers and non-smokers, consisted of men and women, was analyzed using PCR. Oral disease-causing bacteria were more detected in men smokers than men non-smokers and HPV was most found in women non-smokers. Taken together, this study suggests smoking is related with variation of oral microorganism existence in some way.

오염된 식품으로부터 바이러스를 효과적으로 검출하기 위해서는 식품에 부착된 바이러스를 효과적으로 elute시키는 것이 결정적으로 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 채소류에 공통적으로 적용할 수 있는 elution용액을 찾기 위해 폴리오 바이러스를 인위적으로 오염시킨 1가지 엽채류 (깻잎) 와 3가지 근채류 (당근, 양파, 무) 로부터 바이러스 회수율을 조사한 후, 최적의 바이러스 회수조건을 찾기 위해 기보고된 상추와 양배추의 회수율을 함께 분석하였다. 바이러스의 회수율은 식품의 matrix와 사용된 elution용액의 종류에 따라 차이가 컸으나 0.25M threonine / 0.3M NaCl (pH 9.5) 또는 0.25M glycine / 0.14M NaCl (pH 9.5)을 사용하였을 때 6가지 채소 중 5가지로부터 폴리오바이러스를 효과적으로 elute 할 수 있었다. 0.25M threonine / 0.3M NaCl (pH 9.5)를 노로바이러스 검출에 적용해 본 결과 근채류인 당근보다 엽채류인 깻잎으로부터 노로바이러스 GII를 더 잘 검출할 수 있었다. 이 같은 공통 elution용액을 사용할 경우 다양한 종류의 채소류에 오염된 노로바이러스를 포함한 소화기바이러스의 검출을 용이하게 해 줄 것이다.

The anti-proliferative efficacy of t,t-conjugated linoleic acid (t,t-CLA), c9,t11-CLA, and t10,c12-CLA was compared in several human cancer cell lines. Gastric NCI-N87, liver Hep3B, pancreas Capan-2, and lung NCI-H522 cancer cells were incubated with 50 μM CLA isomers over a period of 6 days. The t,t-CLA inhibited the growth of all cancer cell lines to different extents, but c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA inhibited or stimulated the growth of the cancer cell lines. NCI-N87 cells were the most sensitive to growth inhibition and apoptosis from all CLA isomers tested. In NCI-N87 cells, CLA isomers reduced the release of arachidonic acid (AA) via the inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ) activity, consequently reducing the production of PGE2 through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The efficacies of CLA isomers were in the following order (from most to least effective): t,t-CLA, t10,c12-CLA and c9,t11-CLA. Overall, these results imply that the anti-proliferative efficacy of t,t-CLA on cancer cells, especially NCI-N87 cells, was greater than other CLA isomers due to its induction of apoptosis through the inhibition of cPLA2 and COX-2 activities.

Because the damages of corrosion resulting from the chloride ion are very serious, many research studies have been performed to measure the penetration depth of the chloride ion. However, there is a problem with data selection obtained from collection during experiments. In this study, it appears that the collected data are not conformed to a normal distribution. The result of this study will play a very important role, as a first step for the development and construction of a forecasting system to help determine a reliable service lifetime of marine structures.

Human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are multi-potent mesenchymal stem cells that have several differentiation potentials. An understanding of thetissues that differentiate from these cells can provide insights for future regenerative therapeutics and tissue engineering strategies. The mesiodens is the most frequent form of supernumerary tooth from which DPSCs can differentiate into several lineages similar to cells from normal deciduous teeth. Recently, it has been shown that nanoscale structures can affect stem cell differentiation. In our presentstudy, we investigated the effects of a 250-nm nanoscale ridge/groove pattern array on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells from mesiodenscontaining human DPSCs. To this end, the expression of lineage specific markers after differentiation induction was analyzed by lineage specific staining and RT-PCR. The nanoscale pattern arrayed surface showed apositive effect on the adipogenic differentiation of DPSCs. There was no difference between nanoscale pattern arrayed surface and conventional surface groups onosteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, the nanoscale ridge/groove pattern arrayed surface can be used to enhance the adipogenic differentiation of DPSCs derived from mesiodens. This finding provides an improved understanding of the effects of topography on cell differentiation as well as the potential use of supernumerary tooth in regenerative dental medicine.

본 연구는 고몰입형 인적자원관리와 경영성과간의 관계에 있어 혁신활동인 활용과 탐험의 매개효과를 실증하기 위해 전자산업에 소속된 상장기업 136개의 자료를 바탕으로 실증분석을 진행하였다. 본 연구의 실증결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고몰입형 인적자원관리가 각각 활용과 탐험에 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 활용은 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치지만 탐험은 경영성과에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 따라서 활용이 경영성과에 미치는 영향의 크기가 탐험이 경영성과에 미치는 영향의 크기보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 이 관계를 종합으로 살펴보면 활용은 고몰입형 인적자 원관리와 경영성과간의 관계에 있어 매개효과가 있지만 탐험은 매개효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다.이러한 분석결과는 기존 연구에서 고몰입형 인적자원관리와 경영성과간의 관계에 있어 매개변수로 사용된 태도 변수, 역량 변수, 그리고 이직률 변수들과 다르게 행동변수인 혁신활동을 실증하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본 연구의 한계점과 향후 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다.

최근 본격적인 고령화 사회로의 전환에 따라 휴먼케어서비스의 중요성에 대한 학계와 실무계의 관심이 증대되고 있다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고 휴먼케어서비스의 핵심인력으로 간주되고 있는 요양보호사의 직무특성과 조직성과에 대한 연구는 극히 제한적이다. 특히 최근 근무여건, 직무특성에 기인한 직무긴장과 이직, 그리고 이로 인한 서비스 질의 저하와 같은 개인과 조직 차원에서 부작용이 나타나고 있다선행연구에서는 요양보호사의 직무긴장과 이직의 선행변수를 개인적 특성, 근무환경, 리더십 등에서 찾고있다. 하지만 우리나라의 요양보호사는 장기요양보험의 도입과 함께 새로 등장한 직업이기 때문에 고유한 직무특성을 반영할 수 있는 요양보호사의 긴장과 이직의도에 관한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 요양보호사의 직무특성이 직무긴장과 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 실증하여 인력관리와 조직관리에 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 부산, 울산, 경남 지역에 위치한 요양보호기관에 근무하고 있는 요양보호사201명의 설문응답 자료를 분석하였다. 실증분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과업중요성과 자율성은 직무긴장에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것을 나타났다. 둘째, 직무특성과 이직의도와의 관계에서 과업중요성과 자율성이 부(-)의 관계를 나타냈다. 셋째, 직무긴장은 이직의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 요양보호사의 직무특성은 직무긴장과 이직의도에 영향을 미치므로 직무긴장을 완화시키기 위한 직무설계와 제도적 지원이 필요함을 제시한다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 시사점과 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구방향이 논의 되었다.

In recent years, accident induced by human error is increasing in the chemical plant. Human error analysis of the chemical plant was conducted on the basis of past accident. Some company called by A for the basis of a chemical accident. Factor analysis of human errors was separated in plant operation and work. Agency's work of occupational safety & health was classified into four types. It is based on the work before, during work, recovery work, and discontinue work. It was still separated work of human error by analysis and then was derived factor and issue. The human error factor and priority for accident prevention in the chemical plant is presented.

목적 : 인간작업모델에 기초하여 개발된 직업 관련 평가 중 상호 보완적으로 사용가능한 근로자역할인식면담도구(Worker Role Interview; WRI)와 작업수행 평가도구(Assessment of Work Performance; AWP)를 소개하고 향후 직업재활 분야에서 인간작업모델의 적용 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 연구 참여자는 지체장애인으로 경도의 정신지체 증상이 있으며 왼쪽 손에 약간의 경직성 증상과 손가락 움직임에 제한이 있는 만 42세 남성 1명이다. 대상자의 심리사회적·환경적 요인을 측정하기 위해 WRI를 사용했으며 전반적 업무 수행 능력을 측정하기 위해 AWP를 사용하였다. 결과 : AWP와 WRI 평가 결과 대상자는 일을 하는데 있어 신체적 측면에서는 무리 없이 업무 수행이 가능했지만 일에 대한 만족도가 낮았으며 다른 직업으로의 이직 의도가 관찰되었다. 결론 : 본 연구는 장애인에게 초기 직업재활 서비스를 제공할때 신체적 측면과 함께 심리사회적·환경적 변수의 측정이 중요함을 시사하고 측정된 여러 변수들은 내담자의 잠재력을 결정한다.

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) cause an inflammatory acne that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne by inducing inflammatory mediators. Bee venom therapy has been used in oriental medicine for the relief of pain and the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, a direct effect of bee venom in skin inflammation has not been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory properties of bee venom in skin inflammation stimulated by heat-killed P. acnes using human keratinocytes and monocytes cell line. P. acnes stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins-1β, -8, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in HaCaT and THP-1 cells. Bee venom effectively inhibits the secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. P. acnes treatment activates the expression of TLR2, which results in IL-8 expression. However, bee venom treatment reduces the expression of TLR2 and IL-8. Based on these results, bee venom has effects on anti-inflammatory activity against P. acnes in HaCaT and THP-1 cells.

Royal jelly (RJ) is exclusive food that is secreted from the hypopharyngeal and mandibular glands of worker honeybees, and it is well known to be a necessary for the growth of the queen honeybee Although fresh royal jelly have been demonstrated to enhance wound healing, the wound healing effects of water soluble royal jelly (WSRJ) have not been elucidated. We investigated whether WSRJ promotes the migration, attachment, and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) during in vitro wound healing. HDFs were treated with 1-5ug/ml WSRJ and RJ for up to 24hr following wound formation. Cell migration was assessed by measuring recovery from wound margin, while cell attachment and proliferation were determined by MTT assay. By observing the numbers of cell attached, we confirmed that not only WSRJ but also RJ did not affect on the initial cell adhesion. WSRJ (5 ug/ml) enhanced cell migration rate approximately 84.3% in HDFs at 24hr, whereas RJ (5 ug/ml) increased cell migration rate 71.3% in HDFs at 24hr, which is similar to cell migration rate of WSRJ 1 ug/ml (73.7%). In cell proliferation assays, WSRJ induced an increase in the number of HDFs, compared with control and RJ. In conclusion, WSRJ promotes cell migration with increased cell proliferation in an in vitro wound healing model.

Haemaphysalis longicornis (Hl) as members of the ixodid tick inhabits lots of grass thicket of field and mountain. Ticks are blood-feeding ectoparasites that can mediate a variety of diseases to human and animals, causing Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and human monocytic ehrlichiosis. Particularly, ticks can trigger an inflammatory response representing symptoms about swelling and itching in human. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of H. longicornis extract (HlE) on production of inflammatory cytokines and their mRNA in human monocytic THP-1 cells. In a time- and dose-dependent manner, human monocytic THP-1 cells was treated with HlE. Supernatants were analyzed for the production of cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA level in the culture cells was measured by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As a result of this study, HlE significantly induced secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 in THP-1 cells. These results suggest that HlE increase the release of proteins and mRNAs level of inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells. HlE may play a role in contributing to inflammatory diseases through stimulation of immune cells. Further research of H. longicornis is needed to better understand the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism.

Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) as a storage mite inhabitats in stored grains, hay, and straw at agricultural areas. T. putrescentiae stimulates an immune response and triggers inflammatory cytokines release, and thus it is a source of allergen that sensitize and induce allergic reactions. Also, T. putrescentiae has been reported to cause asthma and atopic disease by cross-reactivity with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp). The study on T. putrescentiae in human monocytic THP-1 cells is not enough to understand cytokine expression and pathological mechanisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of T. putrescentiae extract (TpE) on production of inflammatory cytokines and expression of mRNA level in THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells are treated with TpE and supernatants were analyzed for the production of cytokines using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA level in the culture cells was measured by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As a result of this study, TpE significantly induced secretion of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in THP-1 cells in time- and dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that TpE may play a role in contributing to inflammatory disease through stimulation of immune cell. Further research of T. putrescentiae is needed to understand the elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism.

Chromatin remodelers that include histone methyl transferases (HMTases) are becoming a focal point in cancer drug development. The NSD family of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L are bona fide oncogenes found aberrantly expressed in several cancers, suggesting their potential role for novel therapeutic strategies. Several histone modifiers including HMTase have clear roles in human carcinogenesis but the extent of their functions and regulations are not well understood, especially in pathological conditions. The extents of the NSDs biological roles in normal and pathological conditions remain unclear. In particular, the substrate specificity of the NSDs remains unsettled and discrepant data has been reported. NSD2/MMSET is a focal point for therapeutic interventions against multiple myeloma and especially for t(4;14) myeloma, which is associated with a significantly worse prognosis than other biological subgroups. Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy in the United States, after non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Herein, as a first step before entering a pipeline for protein x-ray crystallography, we cloned, recombinantly expressed and purified the catalytic SET domain of NSD2. Next, we demonstrated the catalytic activities, in vitro, of the recombinantly expressed NSD2-SET on H3K36 and H4K20, its biological targets at the chromatin.

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death among the aging men. Surgical or radio therapy is effective when the cancer is confined to the prostate gland but once the cancer spreads beyond the pelvis, even chemotherapy and hormonal ablation therapy fails in curing this disease. Our previous studies have shown that β-glucan induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Cellular viability of these cells treated with β-glucan was measured by MTT assay. β-glucan induced dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell viability in LNCaP cancer cells. In flow cytometry analysis, β-glucan induced dose- and timedependent apoptotic activities in LNCaP cancer cells. In addition, increased of expression caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax, and cytochrome C but decreased of expression Bcl-2 was observed in LNCaP cells treated with β-glucan. These results suggest that β-glucan induces apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells mediated mainly through the increased of expression caspase-3, -9, Bax, cytochrome C and decreased of expression Bcl-2.