본 연구는 코칭기술을 적용한 유아 셀프리더십 프로그램을 유아교육기관에 적용하여 유아 들에게 나타나는 변화를 살펴봄으로써 효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 만5세 유 아 총 32명이며 실험집단 16명을 대상으로 6주 동안 유아 셀프리더십 프로그램을 실시하였다. 본 프로그램은 ‘자기 존중’ 영역에서 하위영역으로 수용하기(수용), 조절하기(조절), 확신하기 (확신)의 3개 영역, ‘자기 효능’ 영역에 하위영역으로 과제하기(과업 효능), 대처하기(대처 효 능)의 2개 영역, ‘자기 보상’ 영역에는 만족하기(정신적 보상), 인정하기(신체적 보상)의 2개 영역, 총 7개의 하위영역 구성이다. 프로그램의 내용은 유아가 이해하기 쉽도록 게임, 이야기 나누기 및 만들기, 신체표현, 분류, 동화 및 발표, 소리 탐색 및 듣기 등 15개의 활동으로 구성 하였다. 본 연구결과 유아 셀프리더십 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단의 유아들은 통제집단의 유아들 보다 유아셀프리더십 수준에서 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 실험집단의 사전-사후 점수 증가분의 차이도 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 자기존중, 자기 효능, 자기 보상의 전 영역에서 유의미한 긍정적 변화를 보였다. 따라서 코칭기술을 적용한 유아 셀프리더십 프로그램이 유아 셀프리더십 증진에 효과가 있음이 밝혀졌다.

This study aimed to investigate whether isometric lower limb exercise can activate contralateral trunk muscles and whether the magnitude of muscle activation is related to lower limb movement in sitting. This study included 25 healthy young subjects (20 males and 5 females). The magnitude of trunk muscle activation was measured using surface electromyography (EMG) during hip flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction, and a significant difference was observed in the activation levels of trunk muscles among the tests (p<.01). The EMG activity of the multifidus (MF) and erector spinae (ES) muscles on the contralateral side were significantly greater during hip extension. However, the activation levels of the contralateral internal oblique (IO) and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles were greatest during hip flexion. The MF : ES EMG ratio was significantly greater during hip isometric during hip isometric flexion and abduction compared to hip extension and adduction. There was no significantly difference in the IO : RA ratio during the isometric contractions toward different directions. These findings indicate that isometric lower limb exercise can elicit trunk muscle contraction on the contralateral side and may therefore be helped for developing contralateral trunk muscle strength in individuals undergoing rehabilitation.

The number of non-Chinese speaking (NCS) students in Hong Kong is increasing year by year. Their needs for education are increasing too. The educators and their NCS parents very concern how well these NCS students can adopt to the learning environment in Hong Kong, and have better academic performance, especially in Chinese language learning. Researchers believe that if the NCS students can learn Chinese language as earliest as possible, like in kindergarten stage, they can catch up with the local Chinese language curriculum requirement and standard much easier. Researchers worked with three kindergartens, and designed school-based Chinese language curriculum especially for these NCS young students. The curriculum emphasized the development of NCS young students’ listening and speaking abilities, strengthen their Chinese character learning ability and also teaching reading and writing skills. After one-year teaching experiment, it is found that the academic performance of these NCS young students’ was very impressive. They have great improvement in the learning of the sound, shape and meaning of Chinese characters. This presentation will report the research findings.

본 연구는 <소나기>를 연구대상으로 발화행위 이론을 이용하여 다양한 언어 환경에서 나타내는 전형적인 언표내적 행위에 의해서 언표내적 행위의 목표, 지향성, 심리적 태도 이 세 가지 차원에서 소녀와 소년의 대화를 분석해, 소녀와 소년의 심리상태와 성격을 해석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 제2장에서는 설의 이론을 대해 살펴볼 것이다. 설은 언표내적 행위의 목표, 심리적 태도, 지향성을 언표내적 행위의 분류하는 데에 중요한 기준으로 삼고 있다. 이 기준에 의하여 언표내적 행위를 진술 행위, 지시 행위, 언약 행위, 표출 행위, 선언 행위로 분류한다.제3장에서는 설의 언표내적 행위 분류 기준으로 <소나기>에서의 대화를 분석하고자 한다. 특정된 환경에서의 특정된 언표내적 행위 유형에 속하는 대화문을 분석함과 동시에 각 유형의 대화문수와 백분율을 통계해 보기로 한다.화용론적인 발화행위 분석을 통해서 소설의 주인공인 소년과 소녀의 성격 특징을 발견할 수 있는데 종합하면 다음과 같다.소녀의 지시 행위에 질문이 많고 금지의 심리적 태도를 나타내는 지시 행위도 있다. 표출 행위의 경우에는 소녀의 대화 비중이 소년보다 훨씬 더 높다. 따라서 <소나기>는 외향적이고 도전적이며 호기심이 많은 소녀를 기술하고 있다. 소년의 지시 행위에는 금지의 심리적 태도를 나타내는 것이 없다. 표출 행위의 경우에는 소년의 백분율이 소녀보다 훨씬 낮다. 따라서 <소나기>는 내성적이고 수동적이며 수줍음이 많은 소년을 기술하고 있다.

The muscle strengths in various postures are still used in the workplace, although mechanization and automation have been continuously accomplished. The aim of this study is to measure the maximum muscle strength and analyze the muscle fatigue during the

The present study is an investigation of young Korean Protestants’ views of other faiths and how they understand mission and evangelism based on those views. The empirical research shows that a considerable number of young Korean Christians have now embraced pluralistic viewpoint concerning other religions, along with the postmodern relativistic perspective about truth claims. This research concludes that both perspectives weaken the motive of traditional Christian evangelism and mission toward people of other faiths. The empirical research also indicates the urgency to recognize pluralistic and relativistic tendencies among young Korean Protestants in the history of the Korean Protestant Church. In other words, the emerging pluralistic and postmodern viewpoint, which is gaining popularity among young Koreans, is beginning to compete with the dominant traditional Korean Protestant exclusivistic theology of religions. Thus, we are beginning to see the competition between exclusivism and pluralism or relativism (religious and postmodern). An important missional issue regarding exclusivism and pluralism is that both can easily fail to engage people of other faiths. While the exclusivists close their mind and try not to listen to people of other faiths, the pluralists think it unnecessary to share the Christian faith. As a result they both have that the tendency to avoid engaging with the ‘other,’ that is, people of other faiths. In response, the researcher suggests “dialogical evangelism,” with the intention to escape the missional dangers post by both exclusivism and pluralism, and to encourage Christians to engage the ‘others’ in dialogue and love for evangelism. Having taken other faiths into consideration since the 1910 Edinburgh Conference of the World Missionary Conference, many mission thinkers have become involved in how to do missions toward people of other faiths. The dialogical approach to people of other faiths has proved to be a desirable way of doing missions. On the other hand, evangelicals have argued that its ultimate goal should be evangelism. Therefore, integrating the strengths of these two approaches, for the Korean Protestant Church and the new generation of Christians, the researcher suggests dialogical evangelism as the most viable approach to people of other faiths.

This study examined the effect of active and passive listening condition on young children's musical understanding of familiar and unfamiliar melody through researcher-invented notation. All subjects in this study were Korean children from 3 to 5 years of ages in a private prekindergarten in Seoul Korea. A pre-and posttest experimental design guided this study, which was conducted for five consecutive weeks, including three treatment sessions between pre-and posttest sessions in summer of 2009. The following research questions for the study were posed: 1) Is there a significant difference in young children's apparent understanding of tempo when comparing active and passive listening condition? and 2) Is there a significant difference in young children's apparent understanding of tempo according to familiarity of the melody? Listening conditions (independent variable) in this study were the presence or absence of body movement while children listened to short musical examples. The children's apparent musical understanding of tempo (independent variable) was captured through children's guided drawings that indicated where they understood tempo changes to occur in the music. The drawings were evaluated by three independent judges who scored four drawings for each child: for familiar and unfamiliar melodies in both the pre-and posttest. A two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the scores. The results revealed that there is no statistically significant difference between treatment and control groups, between familiar and unfamiliar melody, and no difference with the interaction of group and melody familiarity. Therefore, the null hypotheses for this study were accepted.

Canine pyometra generally occurs in intact female dogs of more than four years of age. However, in rarely cases, pyometra can occur in young bitches. In the present report, two cases of pyometra in thirteen and eighteen months of age were presented. In both cases, absent of vaginal discharge represented that both patients had closed-cervix pyometra and diagnosis was somewhat complicated. In complete blood count, elevated level of leukocyte with left shift was found in both cases. Serum chemistry analysis showed elevation of alkaline phosphatase in both cases. Additionally, mild elevation of aspartate transferase and total protein were also found in case. Radiographic and ultrasonographic findings show the enlargement of uterus and accumulation of fluid contents inside the uterine lumen. Ovariohysterectomy followed by antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs for post-surgery medication was performed for treatment. After a week, both patients fully recovered. To reduce mortality of pyometra in young intact female dogs, radiography or ultrasonography should be indicated immediately in the bitches showing severe infectious inflammation.

This study aims to develop a diagnostic tool that can measure nine personality types of the enneagram types based on the theoretical content of enneagram to measure personality as a human factor among various factors that affect to performance for maximizing organization and individual's performance. We have develeped measure items to figure out 9 enneagram types. Since first of September of to 30th August 2011, we had a preliminary survey with total 842 students in zed the data. Based on the results of the analysis of preliminary invmiddle and high school and analyestigation, we made a Enneagram Personality Type Inventory for Young People with a total of 144 selected questions. 4,008 middle and high students across the country were surveyed and had statistical analysis with the data. The data shows Cronbach's α was from .77 to .86 for the 9 types. This diagnostic tool developed with this study will help students can understand, develop and grow themselves, also this can be useful in coaching and counseling areas like Personality, career, academic, career and leadership development.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) with abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on pulmonary function. Twenty-two subjects with restrictive breathing participated in this study. All the subjects were randomly assigned to three groups (7 subjects in RMT group, 7 subjects in RMT with ADIM group, 8 subjects in control group). The first group performed the RMT by using incentive respiratory spirometer (IRS). The second group performed the RMT by using IRS and the ADIM by using a Stabilizer. The exercises were conducted over four days. The pulmonary function was evaluated using the spirometer to measure the force exploratory volume in 1 second () and forced vital capacity (FVC). Measurements were conducted on the first day and the last day. A paired-t test was used for pre-post changes and the change rates in FVC and among each group were investigated by a one-way ANOVA. The findings of the the study were as follows: 1) There were significant differences of FVC and between pre and post in the two training groups (p<.05) 2) There was no significant difference of the change ratio the FVC and between the RMT group and RMT with ADIM group. Therefore, it is concluded that respiratory muscle and ADIM training, combined with two methods of treatment would suggest positive evidence for improving pulmonary function.

The purpose of this study was an determine whether elastic band on treadmill training might effect the chest expansion and pulmonary function of the 20's men. 40 subjects with experimental group(male: 20) and control group(male: 20) was participated in experiment. During four weeks, each group participated thirty minutes for three times per week. Subjects were assessed using pre-value and postvalue measurement chest length(chest length for resting, chest expansion) and pulmonary function(forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow, vital capacity, tidal volume, expiratory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume) by the CardioTouch 3000S(BIONET, USA). These findings suggest that experimental group can be used to improve chest expansion, pulmonary function than control group. In comparison of both groups, post-test was more improved in experimental group. In conclusion, experimental group helped improving function of pulmonary volume and respiratory muscle, and thus it indicates that the functions will be more improved through the continued respiratory exercise program.

본 연구는 착과 정도에 따른 ‘부유’ 감나무(Diospyros kaki cv. Fuyu)의 수체 부위별 질소화합물 분배와 저장양분의 축적 정도를 밝히고, 이들이 다음해 새로운 생장에 재이용되는 관계를 구명하였다. 6월 15일에 엽과비가 10, 20, 30이 되도록 착과량을 조절하였고, 일부는 모든 과실을 완전히 제거하였다. 6월 15일부터 11월 1일까지 증가한 총 아미노산은 제과수에서 가장 많았고, 엽과비가 높을수록 증가하였다. 뿌리는 엽과비 10에서 당년 아미노산의 증가가 없었다. 증가한 총 아미노산이 뿌리로 분배된 비율은 엽과 비 20에서 64%, 엽과비 30에서 18.5%, 제과수에서 81%였다. 과실로 분배된 비율은 엽과비 10에서 81%, 엽과비 20에서 12%, 엽과비 30에서 35%였다. 당년 착과량이 많은 엽과비 10의 잎에서 아미노산이 감소 하였다. 이 기간 동안 증가한 총 단백질은 엽과비가 높을수록 증가하였다. 당년에 증가한 단백질은 과실 로 가장 많이 분배하였고, 엽과비가 낮을수록 영구기관으로 분배되는 양이 감소하였다. 엽과비 30에서는 당년에 증가한 총 단백질이 과실로 59%, 뿌리로 40% 분배하였다. 당년 엽과비 10과 20의 잎에서 단백질 이 감소하였다. 이듬해 4월 10일부터 6월 10일까지 신초생장기 동안 아미노산은 모든 처리구의 2년생 이 상의 가지와 신초에서, 단백질은 모든 처리구의 신초에서 감소하였다. 특히 제과수는 뿌리에서 아미노산 이 540 mg, 단백질이 610 mg 감소하였다. 이듬해 새로운 부위의 총 아미노산과 단백질은 전년도 제과수 에서 각각 730 mg, 1290 mg으로 높았고, 전년도 착과량이 많은 엽과비 10에서 각각 120 mg, 400 mg 으로 낮았다.