In this work, we investigated the photo-degradation performance of MnO2-SiC fiber-TiO2 (MnO2-SiC-TiO2) ternary nanocomposite according to visible light excitation utilizing methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) as standard dyes. The photocatalytic physicochemical characteristics of this ternary nanocomposite were described by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tunneling electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), photocurrent and cyclic voltammogram (CV) test. Photolysis studies of the synthesized MnO2-SiC-TiO2 composite were conducted using standard dyes of MB and MO under UV light irradiation. The experiments revealed that the MnO2-SiC-TiO2 exhibits the greatest photocatalytic dye degradation performance of around 20 % with MB, and of around 10 % with MO, respectively, within 120 min. Furthermore, MnO2-SiC-TiO2 showed good stability against photocatalytic degradation. The photocatalytic efficiency of the nanocomposite was indicated by the adequate photocatalytic reaction process. These research results show the practical application potential of SiC fibers and the performance of a photocatalyst composite that combines these fibers with metal oxides.

갯까치수염은 다육성의 2년생 초본 자생식물로서, 제주도, 울릉도를 비롯하여 남해안 지역에서 자라며 자생지의 환경에 맞게 내염성이 크다는 특징이 있고, 다양한 환경에 적응하며 관상가치가 높다. 관련 문헌을 보면 발아조건과 개화조절에 대한 연구만 보고되었고 그 중간단계인 재배에 관한 연구가 부족하여 대량생산을 위한 공정육묘법 개발의 일환으로 이 실 험을 수행하였다. 실험은 플라스틱온실 내에서 발아시킨 1cm 전후의 묘를 50, 128, 200구 트레이에 이식하여 한국원시표 준액(N-P-K-Ca-Mg, 15-3-6-8-4)을 각각 권장 EC농도의 0, 0.5, 1, 2배 농도로 매일 5분간 순환식으로 저면 관수하여 6주간 재배 후 초장, 근장, 엽수, 뿌리수, SPAD, 생체중, 건물 중을 측정하였다. 갯까치수염 생육은 플러그 셀 크기 50셀에 서 생육이 가장 높았다. 양액농도에 따른 갯까치수염의 생육 은 0.5배액에서 초장과 근장의 수치가 가장 높았으며, 모든 생육지표가 양액 농도변화에 따른 차이가 발생하는 것으로 나 타났고 실질적인 총 생산량의 지표라고 할 수 있는 지상부와 지하부의 건물중에 영향을 미치지 않았다는 결과가 나온 것으 로 미뤄 육묘단계에서 양액의 농도가 셀 크기보다 갯까수치염 의 묘 생육에 더 영향이 큰 것으로 보인다. 갯까치수염의 조직 충실도 면에서 0.5, 1, 2배액의 200구에서 가장 높은 결과값 들이 나왔다. 결과적으로 기존 원시표준액에 비해 생장에 유 리한 결과를 보이며 비료도 절약할 수 있는 0.5배 양액처리조 건이 갯까치수염 육묘 재배에 더 효율적이였다.

장내 미생물 군집은 소화 과정, 면역 시스템, 질병 발생 등 숙주의 다양한 면에 광범위한 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 주요 장내 미생물 종은 숙주의 생리 기능에 핵심적인 역할을 수행한다고 발표된 바 있다. 곤충의 장내 미생물 군집에 관한 연구가 최근 활발히 이루어지고 있으며, 이들 연구는 주로 장내 미생물 군집과 기생충, 병원체 간의 상호작용, 종간의 신호 전달 네트워크, 먹이의 소화 과정 등을 중심으로 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 연구들은 대부분 Illumina MiSeq을 활용하여 16S rRNA 유전자의 V1부터 V9 영역 중 선택된 특정 부분을 대상으로 짧은 서열 정보를 대상으로 진행되었다. 그러나, 최근에는 PacBio HiFi 기술이 상용화되면서 16S rRNA의 전장 분석이 가능할 수 있게 되었다. 이번 연구는 장수말벌(Vespa mandarinia)의 해부를 통해 gut과 carcass 부분을 분리한 뒤, 각 샘플을 Illumina MiSeq과 PacBio HiFi 기술을 활용하여 미생물 군집 간의 차이점을 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다.

Haemaphysalis longicornis는 사람과 동물에게 여러 심각한 병원체를 전달하는 주요 매개체로, 한반도에 널리 분포하고 있다. H. longicornis는 Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp., Francisella spp., Coxiella spp., 그리고 중증열성혈소판 감소증후군 바이러스 (SFTS virus) 등을 매개하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 국내에 서식하는 H. longicornis의 미생물 군집과 관련된 연구는 많이 진행되지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구는 한반도 내 다양한 지역에서 채집된 H. longicornis의 미생물군집 다양성을 지역별, 성장 단계 및 성별에 따라 분석하였다. 2019년 6월부터 7월까지 질병관리청 권역별기후변화매개체감시거점센터 16개 지역에서 채집한 H. longicornis의 16S rRNA 유전자 V3-V4 영역을 PCR로 증폭 후 Illumina MiSeq 플랫폼으로 시퀀싱하였다. Qiime2를 활용한 미생물 다양성 분석을 통해 총 46개의 샘플에서 1,754,418개의 non-chimeric reads를 얻었으며, 평균 126개 의 operating taxonmic unit (OTU) 을 식별하여 총 1,398개의 OTU를 확인하였다. 대부분의 지역에서 Coxiella spp.가 우점종으로 나타났으며, 특히 Coxiella endosymbiont는 가장 높은 우점도를 보이며, Coxiella burnetii와 계통 발생 학적으로 유사한 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구를 통해 분석된 결과는 각 지역의 H. longicornis 미생물군집 데이터 베이스 구축에 활용되었으며, 이를 통해 지역별 미생물군집의 특이성을 식별할 수 있게 하였다. 이는 한반도의 H. longicornis에 의한 질병 전파 연구와 이를 통한 공중보건 개선에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

Chitin and chitosan, abundant biopolymers from shellfish, crustaceans, and fungal hyphae, have diverse applications in food, biomedical, and industrial sectors. Also, insects offer a one of the chitin and chitosan source, yet research into the biological processes of chitin and chitosan within insects remains inadequate. To investigates the safety and benefits of insect-derived chitin and chitosan, we orally administered crab-derived and insect-derived chitin and chitosan to mice and compared RNA expression. NGS derived sequences were obtained and DEG and GO analyses were performed. This study displays a chance to progress the application of edible insects.

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the economically important agricultural pests globally, as it attacks a wide range of vegetable and horticultural crops. In this study, we evaluated spatial repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of T.urticae in response to fifteen compounds derived from ester-containing natural products. To evaluate the tests, we used bridge two-choice test and host two-choice test in laboratory conditions. Among the eight compounds showed spatial repellent and oviposition deterrent activities against T. urticae at the 20 mg dose and some compounds had the activities at lower dose. We also conducted two-choice test with a blend and single compounds to determine which showed stronger spatial repellent and oviposition deterrent activities. In host two-choice test, we evaluate repellence between distance of compounds. This study concluded that series compounds from ester-containing natural products have the potential to be used managing T. urticae in the field.

The series compounds from natural products are an effective repellent and deterrent against various kinds of pests. In this study, we evaluated the spatial repellency of fifteen compounds from natural products on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), in the laboratory and field by using two-choice and no-choice bioassays. In laboratory two-choice tests, six compounds displayed active spatial repellency against female adult mites at a 2mg dose. The repellency of each compound was also as effective as the 6-compound blend. Three of the six compounds showed the predominant repellent activity (over 90%) that lasted for at least 3 days in laboratory no-choice tests. In a field test, we found that the number of T. urticae was fewer in strawberry seeding treated lure with 2mg of these compounds than in strawberry seeding treated lure with solvent control. Given that the findings are efficacious, economical, and natural products, they can be used in the sustainable management of T. urticae in greenhouse.

자생식물은 관상용, 약용, 식량자원으로 활용될 수 있는 잠재력을 지닌 고유 유전자원이다. 돌부추(Allium koreanum H.J. Choi & B.U. Oh)는 우리나라 해안 암반지대에 분포하는 자생식물 중 하나로, 기후변화와 서식지 감 소로 인해 보전 가치가 높은 식물이다. 이번 연구는 온도와 과산화수소가 돌부추의 발아에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 종자를 무처리(대조군) 또는 1% 과산화수소(H2O2)로 90분간 처리한 종자를 준비해 15, 20, 25°C 로 설정된 식물 생장 챔버에 배치하였다. 그 결과, 파종 23일 후 15°C에서 42%인 발아율이 20°C와 25°C에서 각각 18%와 0%인 발아율보다 2배 이상 높았으며, H2O2 처리 여부와 관계없이 15°C에서 발아율이 42%로 가장 높았다. H2O2 처리와 관계없이 최종 발아율 50%(T50)에 도달하는 일수는 20°C에서 가장 짧았지만, 일평균 발아율(MDG)은 15°C에서 가장 높았다. 따라서 1%의 H2O2 처리는 돌부추의 발아율에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 15°C의 온도가 돌부추의 발아율을 높이는 데 최적인 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과는 돌부추의 발아를 위한 기초 연구 자료로 활 용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is one of the most important agricultural pests. Therefore, we screened fifteen compounds from natural products for their spatial repellent and oviposition deterrent activities against T. urticae in the laboratory by using two-choice and no-choice tests. In the bridge two-choice test, nine compounds showed the spatial repellent effects on T. urticae at 20 mg dose, resulting in reduced numbers of eggs. Among the nine compounds, at 2 mg dose, two compounds were selected as having more spatial repellent activity than the others. The two compounds also showed spatial repellent and oviposition deterrent effects in the two-choice test from hosts. In the no-choice test from a host, the spatial repellent effects of the two compounds to T. urticae were significantly stronger than that of controls. These results suggest that the findings can be used as potential agents for the prevention and population control of T. urticae in the field.

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is the world-wide agriculture pest and has the ability to become resistant to many pesticides. Hence, we conducted behavioral tests on apterous and alate aphids for series compounds from natural products by using a two-choice test, a no-choice test, a host choice test and electroantennography (EAG). As a result, we found 3 out of 30 compounds for apterous aphids and 2 out of 15 compounds for alate aphids, both of which showed powerful repellent effects on these aphids. In this study, we suggest that our findings could be useful and eco-friendly spatial repellents for controlling cotton aphid.

As the demand for ready-to-eat foods continues to grow, concerns about the sodium in processed foods are also growing. In this study, a survey was conducted on the perception of low-sodium products and diffusion plans according to the type of employee (manufacturer, retailer, distributor). Of the 191 responses collected, 189 valid responses (98.9%) were analyzed. The results showed that the employees were aware of the health contribution of a low-sodium diet, labeling for low-sodium, and the promotion of low-sodium food to increase its consumption. Furthermore, retailers recognized the positive contribution of low-sodium products in terms of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management. The use of sodium substitutes was preferred as the best way to reduce sodium in ready-to-eat foods. With regard to sodium reduction in readyto- eat foods, we found that the technical factors involved were clustered by the type of business. Specifically, distributors showed a similar performance but had a lower perception of importance than retailers. Manufacturers had a lower perception of both importance and performance. In this study, we collected perceptions from employees who were working at food companies, which differed from previous research. We sought to examine the differences in the perception of sodium reduction and consumption of ready-to-eat foods across various types of employment. Furthermore, we provided specific approaches to reduce perception gaps and enhance understanding among employees.

For the final disposal of radioactive waste, concentration of gamma nuclides such as Co-58, Co-60, Cs-137, Nb-94 have to be determined to meet nuclear regulatory requirements. In general, gamma nuclide analysis can be performed with simple sample pretreatment without complicated chemical separation processes due to the characteristics of the nuclide and high resolution of the measuring equipment. However, when the concentration of Co-60 is high in a specific radioactive waste generated at the NPP, the background is increased by the compton continuum of Co-60. That makes it difficult to evaluate accurately Nb-94, which is in the lower energy band than the gamma ray energy region of Co-60 and especially Cs-137, which is used as a key nuclide of scaling factor. In this study, We consider the problem of MDA dissatisfaction or overestimation due to the increased background by Co-60.

Many radionuclides emit two or more gamma rays in a cascade once they decay. At this time, gamma rays are detected at the same time, and the signals are overlapped and measured as one added signal. This is called the summing coincidence effect, and it causes an error of more than 10% depending on the detection efficiency, measurement conditions, and target nuclide. It is known to be greater as the efficiency of the detector increases and as the distance between the source and the detector decreases. It is necessary to consider the summing coincidence effect since the efficiency of the HPGe detector owned by the KHNP CRI is as high as 65%. In this study, We would like to propose an appropriate gamma nuclide analysis method for radioactive waste generated from NPP by evaluating the influence on the summing coincidence effect.

Tuberculosis is a potentially deadly infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Tuberculosis is diagnosed by proving the M. tuberculosis in sputum samples based on the results of acid-resistant staining, culture, and nucleic acid amplification tests. However, there is a report that the detection rate of M. tuberculosis is low in acid-resistant staining using tissue specimens. It has been suspected that the cause is a potential loss of acid resistance by the organic solvents used for tissue specimen preparation. Therefore, this study was pursued to find out if Gram staining and fluorescent staining in addition to acid-resistant staining would be helpful in diagnosing tuberculosis. We used four tissue (lung, small intestine, large intestine, and lymph node) samples with chronic granulomatous inflammation observed in HE staining and positive results in real-time PCR. These detection rates and staining properties were investigated through microscopic examination using the Ziehl-Neelsen, Gram, and Auramin rhodamine staining. In this studies, M. tuberculosis were observed by Ziehl-Neelsen, Gram, and Auramin rhodamine staining in all four samples. In the evaluation of clinical microbiology proficiency testing (CMPT), the Ziehl-Neelsen and Gram staining were the same result, but the Auramin rhodamine staining was relatively low. These data indicated that Gram staining is useful for detecting M. tuberculosis in formalin-fixed tissue specimens. Therefore, if the Ziehl-Neelsen and Gram staining are combined as the M. tuberculosis staining method in tissue specimens, a better direction may be provided for tuberculosis diagnosis.

Bacterial phytopathogen Pectobacterium causes soft rot disease in several vegetable crops globally, resulting in heavy agricultural losses at both the pre and postharvest stages. The present work was carried out to screen Kimchi cabbage genetic resources conserved at the National Agrobiodiversity Center, Rural Development Administration, Korea, for resistance against the soft rot pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum KACC 21701 over a period of three years (from 2020 to 2022). Infection of the phytopathogen was carried out at four-leaf stage and for each accession, twenty-five plants per germplasm were infected with KACC 21701. Kimchi cabbage cultivars Wangmatbaechu, Seoulbaechu, and CR Kiyoshi were used as control. Seven-days post-infection, the Disease Index (DI) values were manually recorded from zero to four, zero matched perfectly heathy plants and four completely dead plants. The 682 accessions of Kimchi cabbage exhibited varying degrees of disease resistance to KACC 21701 and thirty accessions, exhibiting a DI≤2, were considered for replication studies. During the replication studies, four landrace germplasms (IT102883, IT120036, IT120044, and IT120048) and one cultivar (IT187919) were confirmed to be moderately susceptible to KACC 21701. Results of the preliminary screening as well as replication studies were documented for the all the 682 germplasms. Addition of such information to the passport data of stored germplasms might serve as potential bio-resource for future breeders and researchers to develop resistant varieties or study the mechanisms involved in resistance of plants to such phytopathogen.

Interest in the use of semiconductor-based photocatalyst materials for the degradation of organic pollutants in a liquid phase has grown, due to their excellent performance and response to the light source. Herein, we fabricated a NiO-SiCTiO2 ternary structured photocatalyst which had reduced bandgap energy, with strong activation under UV-light irradiation. The synthesized samples were examined using XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, DRS, EIS techniques and photocurrent measurement. The results confirmed that the two types of metal oxides were well bonded to the SiC fiber surface. The junction of the new photocatalyst exhibited a large number of photoexcited electrons and holes. The holes tended to oxidize the water and form a hydroxyl radical, which promoted the decomposition of methylene blue. The close contact between the 2D SiC fiber and metal oxide semiconductors expanded the scope of absorption wavelength, and enhanced the usability of the ternary photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue. Among three synthesized samples, the NiO-SiC-TiO2 showed the best photocatalytic effect, and was considered to have excellent photoelectron transfer due to the synergy effect between the metal oxide and SiC.