현재 청정에너지 확보에 대한 기술은 전 세계적으로 큰 관심을 가지고 있다. 이에 대한 접근법 중 가장 주목을 받고 있는 것은 에너지 하베스팅 기술이다. 에너지 하베스팅은 기존 구조물에서 낭비되어 지는 풍 력, 태양광·열과 같은 에너지를 전기에너지 및 열에너지로 변환하여 사용할 수 있도록 하는 기술이다. 그 중 온도 차이에 의해 전기를 생산 할 수 있는 발전소자를 이용하여 콘크리트 포장도로에 적용하고자 한다. 콘크리트 포장도로의 표면은 하루 중 가장 태양열에 오랜 시간 노출되는 구조물 중 하나이며, 그로 인하여 콘크리트 구조물의 상부와 하부의 온도차이가 발생하게 된다. 본 실험에서는 발전소자의 콘크리트 적용의 효율증대를 위해 알루미늄 판을 부착시킨 상태와 부착시키지 않은 상태의 동일 시간대의 전압생성 량을 비교하여 동일한 실험조건(온도, 측정시간, 공시체크기)을 유지한 상태에서 실험해 보았다.

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 높이에 따른 철골 중간모멘트골조의 내진성능을 평가하는 것이다. 구조물의 내진성능은 ATC-63에서 제안한 방법론에 따라 평가되었다. 3층, 6층, 9층, 12층 중간모멘트골조의 설계는 KBC 2009에 따라 수행하였다. 접합부의 모델링은 철골 중간모멘트골조에서 요구되는 회전성능인 0.02rad을 만족하도록 모델링하였다. 연구를 수행한 결과, 구조물의 붕괴확률은 높이가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 특히 9층과 12층 구조물은 ATC-63에서 제시한 요구조건을 만족하지 못하였다.

Lumbopelvic stabilization exercise has become the most popular treatment method in lumbar rehabilitation since its effectiveness was shown in some aspects of pain and disability. The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) has been extensively implemented to promote lumbopelvic stability. However, performing ADIM correctly is difficult even for healthy subjects, and it is time consuming to train people in ADIM. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare abdominal muscle [rectus abdominalis (RA), external oblique (EO), and transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO)] activity during lumbopelvic stabilization exercises (ADIM only, ADIM with a ball, maximum exhalation only, and maximum exhalation with a ball) performed in a supine position with feet against a wall. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Surface electromyography was used to measure abdominal muscle activity during lumbopelvic stabilization exercises. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the statistical significance of RA, EO, and TrA/IO muscle activity during four lumbopelvic stabilization exercises. Both-side TrA/IO muscle activity was significantly greater with maximum exhalation with a ball than with ADIM only or ADIM with a ball (p<.008). The results of this study suggest that maximum exhalation with a ball can be used as an effective lumbopelvic stabilization exercise to increase TrA/IO muscle activity in healthy subjects.

The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of tooth brushing patterns before and after education with a newly invented toothbrush. All participants performed toothbrushing on left lower first molar teeth for 10 seconds, using Modified bass method with the Newly invented toothbrush before education. After recording the brushing pattern, the participants were randomly classified into 1) Tell, 2) Tell-Show and 3) Tell-Show-Do group. After their education, toothbrushing patterns were recorded again. A comparative statistical analysis with a professional group was done by a one sample t-test. Each motion of toothbrushing was represented by Roll, Pitch and Yaw directions and pressure. After toothbrushing education, the Pitch, Roll direction and the value of pressure in all groups showed significantly similarity to the professional group. The Yaw direction appears to be improved after education, but the delineated motion was not considered to represent the Modified bass method. The patterns of each group were similar to the professional group as follows; Tell < Tell-Show < Tell-Show-Do. There was general evidence of higher educational effects by telling, monitoring and practical training. Finally, toothbrushing patterns were able to be analyzed by the Newly invented toothbrush correctly and quickly. This will contribute to the establishment of correct toothbrushing habits through public use.

Heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury are a highly toxic metal that affects a variety of cellular events, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and survival in animals as well as in human. The exposed heavy metals significantly affected the development and health in pubertal period. However, it is not clear how the toxicity of heavy metals in pubertal affects comparing in adults. To determine the effects of heavy metals on pubertal and adults, heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury were exposed to in pubertal and adults mice for 48 and 72h. Results showed that mice exposed to heavy metals for several hours induced overall tissue and organ damage. Especially, blood vessels of the most organ were more increased in adult mice compared to pubertal mice. And for morphologic alteration, secretary organs such as salivary gland and kidney were affected the most. Taken together, exposing to heavy metal in mice altered the blood vessels. In addition, the adverse effects of cadmium and mercury were more severe in adult mouse than puberty mouse. Further study is needed to focus on endothelial cells for more precise its mechanism

It is valuable research area regarding to developing manufacturing process of biogas from organic wastes take a side view of alternative for fossil energy and to improve the environmental atmosphere leads to decrease the greenhouse gas be discharged. The regulation which is prepared by environmental department shows that biogas as a transportation fuel is required to purity of above 95%, while it of natural gas is above 88%. However, in this situation it is necessary to prepare the regulation which is distributed by department of transportation as for the fuel be connected to vehicles as well in order to take step forward, and it is suggest to develop the technics of biogas this country's own original one, not be the technics imported from foreign countries, and also to turn to higher practical use of biogas for transportation area, since it shows far much less ratio have compared to other application areas.

담배가루이 등 방제용 천적으로 유망한 담배장님노린재(Nesidiocoris tenuis)의 줄알락명나방(Ephestia kuehniella) 알 섭취 전 먹은 식물성 먹이에 따라 줄알락명나방알 섭취량이 달라지는지를 알아보기 위해 포트에 재식된 참깨, 파프리카, 솜에 적신 물을 각각 하루 동안 섭식하게 한 담배장님노린재에게 냉동한 줄알락명나방의 알을 공급하고 하루 동안 섭취한 알의 개수를 비교하였다. 파프리카를 먼저 섭식한 담배장님노린재가 가장 많은 55.7±30.19개의 줄알락명나방 알을 섭취한 것으로 나타났으며, 참깨를 먼저 섭식한 경우에는 줄알락명나방 알을 24.2±34.70개 섭취하였고, 물을 먼저 섭식한 경우에는 줄알락명나방 알을 49.2±30.58개 섭취하였다. 파프리카와 물을 먼저 섭식한 경우 통계적인 유의차는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 참깨를 먼저 섭식한 경우 파프리카 또는 물을 먼저 섭식한 경우에 비해 더 적은 수의 줄알락명나방의 알을 섭취한 것으로 나타났다.

자운영 포장에서 알팔파바구미 성충의 발생양상과 1세대 성충의 밭작물 유식물에 대한 기주선호성을 조사하였다. 자운영 포장에서 포충망에 의한 알팔파바구미의 월동 성충은 3월 하순부터 발생하기 시작하여 4월 중순에 피크를 나타내었으며, 1세대 성충은 4월 하순부터 발생하기 시작하여 5월 하순에 피크를 나타내었다. 하지만 월동 성충의 발생량은 매우 적었고, 1세대 성충의 발생량은 매우 많았으나, 연차간 변이가 심하였다. 온실에서 배추 및 콩 등 11종의 유식물에 대한 알팔파바구미 1세대 성충의 7일 차 발생충수는 배추>콩>케일 순으로 유의하게 많았으며, 조, 땅콩, 기장, 가지 및 상추에서 매우 적었고, 옥수수, 쑥갓, 수수에서는 전혀 발생하지 않았다. 7일 차 유식물의 피해주율도 배추(60.0%)>콩(50.0%)>케일(30.0%)>조(16.7%), 기장(13.3%)>상추(3.3%) 순으로 유의하게 심하였다. 한편, 자운영포장에서 11종의 유식물에 대한 7일 차 피해주율은 배추(46.7%), 콩(43.3%)>케일(23.3%)>조(13.3%), 기장(13.3%) 순으로 유의하게 심하여 온실에서의 결과와 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서 알팔파바구미의 기주선호성은 녹비작물포장 주변에서 밭작물의 안전한 재배를 위한 작물선택의 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Partially earth anchored (PEA) can improve the structural safety and economic feasibility of multiple span cable stayed bridge (CSB). The PEA-CSB can restrain axial compressive load acting on a tower and reduce the global buckling length of a stiffened girder. For these reasons, structural members subject to axial forces can be effectively utilized and material quantity required for a steel deck can be reduced to save construction cost. In this study, the PEA system was verified for its application on a multiple span CSB. The CSB is a four-tower multi-span bridge which has a main span length of 500 m. As high tensile stress was generated at the top of the bridge decks at the mid-span between two main columns, a hybrid deck system for enhancing the bridge deck sections was proposed. While the composite sections made of concrete and steel were used near to the main columns, steel sections were used at the mid-span between two main columns.

Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)ㆍpoly (acrylonitrile) (PAN) 중공사막에 친수성 고분자인 poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)과 가교제인 poly (acrylic acid) (PAA)을 코팅하여 복합막을 제조하였다. 제조된 막의 투과특성평가를 위해 90 wt% 물- 에탄올 혼합액에 대한 투과증발실험을 수행하였으며, 반응온도, PAA용액의 농도, 공급액의 온도변화에 따른 투과도 및 선택도를 측정하였다. 일반적으로 반응온도, PAA용액의 농도가 증가할수록 투과도는 낮아지고 선택도는 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 공급액의 온도가 증가할수록 투과도는 증가하고 선택도는 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 대표적으로 PVDF중공사 막은 투과도는 PAA 3 wt%, 반응온도 60°C, 공급액 온도 70°C에서 502 g/m 2 hr, 선택도는 PAA 11 wt%, 반응온도 100°C, 공급액 온도 50°C일 때, 218의 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

Biodiesel is one of the most important renewable energy, since it is one of the most important alternative and eco-friendly energy source compared to fossil energy, especially for diesel engineequipped vehicles. It is now coming up for preparation of biodiesel as the alternative that applies the hetrogeneous catalyst, super critical state and various methods used in order to reduce the stages of the processes be converted and separation stages started from oil and fat which are originated from animals and wastes, and those new methods bring eco-friendly as well, though some of those are stand on research step so far. It is necessary that nation provides the tax exemption program for the supplier and strengthen the research system for the farming crops relate to fat and oil. It can improve the development of biodiesel which sustains stability against oxidation and keeps good mobility over the low temperatures in the winter season by new additives and develops new processes to show good harmony with diesel engine.