This paper presents a literature review on the active technologies to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in Kimchi packaging. In this study, laser-etched pouches and O2 scavengers were used for Kimchi packaging, and the efficiency of each packaging technique to regulate the CO2 and O2 levels inside Kimchi packages was investigated. When Kimchi was packaged with a laser-etched pouch, the CO2 concentration in the sample with a high gas transmission rate was less than that in other pouches (p<0.05), and a low CO2 level had little effect on the expansion of the package volume. Kimchi treated with an O2 absorber exhibited a significantly lower (p<0.05) O2 concentration inside the packages relative to the control. A low O2 concentration inside the Kimchi package effectively inhibited the growth of total aerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, as well as yeasts and molds on Kimchi. These results suggest that O2 absorbers have a positive effect on the microbial quality of Kimchi. Therefore, packaging in a laser-etched pouch and the use of an O2 scavenger could provide a novel packaging material for regulating the CO2 and O2 levels during Kimchi packaging.

A powder mixture of 70 wt% Al2O3 and 30 wt% hydroxyapatite (HA) is sintered at 1300 ℃ or 1350 ℃ for 2 h at normal pressure. An MgF2-added composition to make HA into fluorapatite (FA) is also prepared for comparison. The samples without MgF2 show α & β-tricalcium phosphates (TCPs) and Al2O3 phases with no HA at either of the sintering temperatures. In the case of 1,350 ℃, a CaAl4O7 phase is also found. Densification values are 69 and 78 %, and strengths are 156 and 104MPa for 1,300 and 1,350 ℃, respectively. Because the decomposition of HA produces a H2O vapor, fewer large pores of 5-6 μm form at 1,300 ℃. The MgF2-added samples show FA and Al2O3 phases with no TCP. Densification values are 79 and 87%, and strengths are 104 and 143 MPa for 1,300 and 1,350 ℃, respectively. No large pores are observed, and the grain size of FA (1-2 μm) is bigger than that of TCP (0.7 μm ≥) in the samples without MgF2. The resulting TCP/Al2O3 and FA/Al2O3 composites fabricated in situ exhibit strengths 6-10 times higher than monolithic TCP and HA.

Recently, metal cases are widely used in smart phones for their luxurious color and texture. However, when a metal case is used, electric shock may occur during charging. Chip capacitors of various values are used to prevent the electric shock. However, chip capacitors are vulnerable to electrostatic discharge(ESD) generated by the human body, which often causes insulation breakdown during use. This breakdown can be eliminated with a high-voltage chip varistor over 340V, but when the varistor voltage is high, the capacitance is limited to about 2pF. If a chip capacitor with a high dielectric constant and a chip varistor with a high voltage can be combined, it is possible to obtain a new device capable of coping with electric shock and ESD with various capacitive values. Usually, varistors and capacitors differ in composition, which causes different shrinkage during co-firing, and therefore camber, internal crack, delamination and separation may occur after sintering. In addition, varistor characteristics may not be realized due to the diffusion of unwanted elements into the varistor during firing. Various elements are added to control shrinkage. In addition, a buffer layer is inserted in the middle of the varistor-capacitor junction to prevent diffusion during firing, thereby developing a co-fired product with desirable characteristics.

PURPOSES : This study compares the results of field-monitored unsaturated hydraulic data to verify the wetting path estimation method using the drying path on roadside soil slope. METHODS: A method proposed by Fredlund was used to estimate the wetting curves of soil water characteristic curves. Wetting curves were estimated from the drying curve acquired mainly from laboratory testing, and the estimated wetting curve was applied to the infiltration analysis to verify the estimation method. The infiltration analysis results obtained from the drying, wetting, and estimated wetting curves were compared to the field-monitored data at the same location. RESULTS : The volumetric water contents measured at 40 cm were closest to analysis results obtained from the wetting curve, whereas the volumetric water content measured at 80 cm were closest to the analysis results obtained from the drying curve. The results of the estimated wetting curves were between the results of the drying and wetting curves. The measured suction results were within the drying and wetting curves, and the estimated wetting curves were within the drying and wetting curves. Additionally, the safety factor obtained from applying the drying curves was carefully calculated, and the factor of safety of the estimated wetting curves was close to the results of the wetting curves. CONCLUSIONS : Applying a drying curve to calculate the slope stability during the rainy season will cause an overestimation of the factor of safety at roadside soil slopes. However, if the proposed estimation method of the wetting curve can be applied to the numerical analysis, the stability of the road slope can be reasonably estimated.

Background: Stroke is one of the most common diseases responsible for physical disabilities. In addition to their physical and occupational therapy, the self-exercise programs were developed for patients with hemiplegia to increase the intensity of their therapeutic exercise. Objects: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a customized self-exercise program (CSP) to walking function on improving stroke survivors’ muscle strength and ambulation function. Method: To test the effect of the self-exercise program, the following tests were conducted: The functional ambulation category (FAC), Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment gait part (POMA-G), timed up and go (TUG), 10-meter walk, and 2-minute walk. The study included 161 consenting stroke patients (FAC score>1) from a randomized, screened sample of 217. The CSP group participated in a 30-minute CSP each day for 10 weeks in addition to completing a routine rehabilitation program. The control group received only a routine rehabilitation program. All the subjects were monitored by a therapist once a week and had to submit an exercise checklist at the end of each session. Result: The strength of the participants’ upper and lower extremity muscles showed no significant differences between the CSP group and the control group. The FAC score and POMA-G also showed no significant differences. However, there were significant differences in the TUG, 10-meter walk test, and 2-minute walk test (p<.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a CSP may improve gait-related function in stroke survivors.

Currently, due to the development of technology, the industry is proceeding with the development of advanced materials with high performance such as light weight, heat resistance and electric conductivity. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) is an excellent material with high heat resistance, high strength and thermal shock resistance. In order to obtain excellent hole shape in CFRP drilling, we compared the modified drill shape and the conventional carbide drill. On the other hand, we determine the proper helix angle by observing the CFRP surface according to the helix angle at the trimming of the end mill proceeding after the hole machining.

본 연구는 개인혁신과정에서 팀 내 구성원의 아이디어 창출이 아이디어 실행에 미치는 영향 및 이 관계에서 침묵풍토의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 국내 기업 68개 팀의 구성원 383명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 특히, 침묵풍토의 형성원인에 따라 방어적 침묵풍토와 체념적 침묵풍토로 구분하여 독립적인 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 팀원의 아이디어 창출과 실행 간의 관계에서 침묵풍토의 환경적 요인에 국한한 영향모형을 실증적으로 검증하기 위해 다층 구조(예: 산업분야, 직급 등)를 고려한 다중소속 다층모형(MMMM)에 기반한 완전-정보 문항기반 요인분석과 베이지언 모형분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 구성원의 점진적 아이디어 창출과 아이디어 실행 사이에 정적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타나 기존 연구에서 강조했던 혁신의 선행변수로서 개인 창의성의 중요성이 지지되었다. 또한 침묵풍토의 유형에 따라 아이디어 창출-아이디어 실행의 관계가 달라지는 양상이 나타났다. 특히 방어적 침묵풍토 인식이 높을 경우, 급진적 아이디어 창출-아이디어 실행 간의 정적관계가 약화되었으며, 체념적 침묵풍토 인식수준이 높을 때는 급진적 아이디어 창출과 아이디어 실행 간 관계가 오히려 강화되는 현상이 나타났다. 이 결과는 혁신의 긍정적인 부분과 부정적인 부분을 동시에 보여주는 것으로 조직 내 침묵풍토가 강하다고 인식할 경우, 개인들은 자신의 혁신 아이디어가 실제로 수용될 가능성이 낮다고 인식하므로 더 높은 수준의 급진적 아이디어 창출과 실행을 시도하게 되며 이는 혁신피로를 야기할 수 있어 궁극적으로 개인혁신에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

The general separation processes for liquid mixtures need the energy consumed and causes of primary cost. The pervaporation separation process could be regarded as the energy saving process[1]. In this study, it is introduced that the preferential isopropyl alcohol separation from the aqueous feed was carried out using the composite membranes according to the operating conditions, such as, the operating temperature, feed concentration etc. And the commercial scale module was prepared and tested for the long-term period, and finally the stabilized and consistent results of both permeability and selectivity were obtained.

본 연구는 충청남도 논산시, 금산군과 전라북도 완주군의 경계에 위치한 대둔산 도립공원 지역의 관속식물의 분포조사를 수행하고자 실시하였다. 현지조사는 2016년 5월부터 2017년 7월까지 총 9회 실시하였다. 그 결과 관속식물은 총 95과 278속 388종 3아종 38변종 5품종 434분류군을 확인하였다. 그 중 특산식물은 닥나무, 할미밀망, 은꿩의다리 등 11분류군이 확인되었고, 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 LC등급 너도바람꽃, 태백제비꽃, 미치광이풀 등 5분류군, DD등급 토현삼 1분류군까지 총 6분류군을 확인하였다. 식물구계학적 특정식물은 총 35분류군으로 Ⅴ등급과 Ⅳ등급은 확인되지 않았고, Ⅲ등급 너도바람꽃, 노각나무, 단풍나무 등 9분류군, Ⅱ등급 속새, 돌양지꽃, 노랑제비꽃 등 7분류군,Ⅰ등급 관중, 개비자나무, 참느릅나무 등 19분류군이 각각 조사되었다. 또한 귀화식물은 애기수영, 미국자리공, 흰명아주 등 12과 30속 34종 34분류군으로 확인되었으며, 도시화지수는 10.6%, 귀화율은 7.7%로 각각 나타났다.

본 연구의 목적은 3가지의 배추과 작물의 새싹에서 적색(R)과 원적외선(FR)광에 초점을 맞추어서 glucosinolate(GSL), 총 페놀, 총 플라보노이드, 비타민 C 함량, 항산화 활성을 평가하는 것이다. 제한된 환경조건에서 5일된 새싹에 3가지의 R/FR비율을 2일동안 24시간 노출시켜 식물화학물질과 항산화활성을 대조군[형광등, R:B(8:2), 암조건]과 비교하였다. 총 GSL 함량은 각 처리 기간 동안 3가지의 작물 중 브로콜리에서 가장 높았으며, 브로콜리 새싹에서 R/FR 비율이 증가함에 따라 총 GSL 함량이 감소하는 반면 배추와 무의 새싹에서는 유의하지 않은 결과를 보여주었다. 배추 및 브로콜리의 주요 GSL인 progointrin은 대조군에 비해 R/FR 비율이 감소함에 따라 최대 38%, 69%까지 감소하였다. 3가지 배추과 새싹에서 페놀, 플라보노이드 및 비타민 C의 함량 모두 암조건에서 가장 낮았다. 총 페놀 및 항산화 활성은 3가지 배추과 새싹에서 R/FR 비율이 감소할수록 증가하는 반면, 총 플라보노이드와 비타민 C 함량은 작물 간 다른 양상을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 FR의 보광에 따라 배추과 새싹의 기능적 품질을 향상시킬 것으로 기대된다.