The concern on the greenhouse gas emission is strongly increasing globally. In fishery industry section, the greenhouse gas emissions are an important issue according to The Paris Climate Change Accord in 2015. The Korean government has a plan to reduce the GHG emissions as 4.8% compared to the BAU in fisheries until 2020. Furthermore, the Korean government has also declared to achieve the carbon neutrality in 2050 at the Climate Adaptation Summit 2021. However, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries did not carry out extensively. Most studies on GHG emissions from Korean fishery have dealt with the GHG emissions by fishery classification so far. However, follow-up studies related to GHG emissions from fisheries need to evaluate the GHG emission level by species to prepare the adoption of environmental labels and declarations (ISO 14020). The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted to produce the species (hairtail and small yellow croaker) from various fisheries. Here, we calculated the GHG emission to produce the species from the fisheries using the Life Cycle Assessment method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for the LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficients of the fisheries for the species are also calculated according to the fuel type. The GHG emissions from sea activities by the fisheries will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for producing the unit weight species and annual production are calculated by fishery classification. The results will be helpful to understand the circumstances of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.

본 연구는 골프참여자들의 골프 디바이스 데이터의 신뢰, 만족 및 인지된 경기력에 대한 관계를 규명하는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 일반 골프참여자들을 대상으로 서울, 경기도, 강원도, 경상도, 충청도, 전라도, 제주도 등 7개 시, 도 지역에 온라인 설문을 통해 수집하였으며, 온라인 설문은 총 328부를 수집하여 사용되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSSWIN 프로그램과 AMOS 를 이용하여 자료를 분석하였으며, 빈도분석, 확인적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계분석, 구조방정식모형분석 및 경로분석을 실시하였다. 변인 간 관계를 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 골프참여자들의 골프 디바이스 데이터의 신뢰는 만족에 정( + )에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 골프참여자들의 골프 디바이스 데이터의 신뢰는 인지된 경기력에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 셋째, 골프참여자들의 골프 디바이스 데이터 만족은 인지된 경기력에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결론적으로 골프참여자들이 골프 디바이스를 통해 제시된 데이터를 신뢰하고 만족한 결과를 얻고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 인지된 경기력에는 영향을 미치지 못했다는 점에서 골프참여자들은 골프 디바이스를 경기력을 높여준다는 생각보다는 골프를 하기 위해서 당연히 사용해야 되는 것으로 생각할 수 있다.

풀버섯(Volvariella volvacea) 균주 4종의 추출물에 대한 항산화 활성, 아질산염 소거능, 베타글루칸 함량 및 아미노산 성분분석을 통한 영양성분 함량을 분석하였다. 풀버섯 4종의 균주 중 Vv 균주(KMCC04386)의 DPPH 라디컬 소거능(23.7%)이 가장 높았으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량 및 총 플라보노이드 함량은 Vv-Chi 균주(KMCC04382)가 각각 8.17 mg GAE/g, 3.46 mg QE/g으로 가장 높았으며, 철 환원 항산화능(0.152) 및 환원력(0.094) 역시 Vv-Chi 균주에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능은 풀버섯 균주 간 유의적 차이는 없었다(p<0.05). 베타글루칸 함량은 VG-19 균주(KMCC04380)가 17.53% (w/w)로 가장 높았다. 총 아미노산 및 총 필수아미노산 함량은 VG-19 균주가 각각 986.8 mg/kg과 369.3 mg/kg으로 균주들에 비하여 가장 높게 검출되었다. VG-19 균주의 경우, 시스테인(Cys)이 171.0 mg/kg으로 다른 균주들에 비하여 월등히 높게 검출되었으며 그 외에도 아스파르트산(Asp), 세린(Ser), 글루탐산(Glu), 알라닌(Ala), 이소류신(Ile), 류신(Leu) 등의 감칠맛, 단맛을 내는 아미노산 성분과 일부 필수아미노산 성분이 다른 균주에 비하여 높게 검출되었다. 본 연구결과, 풀버섯 4종의 균주 중에서 DPPH 라디 컬소거능을 제회한 항산화 활성은 Vv-Chi 균주가 가장 높았으며, 베타글루칸 함량 및 영양성분 함량은 VG-19 균주가 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

Zinc oxide (ZnO) based transparent conducting oxides (TCO) thin films, are used in many applications such as solar cells, flat panel displays, and LEDs due to their wide bandgap nature and excellent electrical properties. In the present work, fluorine and aluminium-doped ZnO targets are prepared and thin films are deposited on soda-lime glass substrate using a RF magnetron sputtering unit. The aluminium concentration is fixed at 2 wt%, and the fluorine concentration is adjusted between 0 to 2.0 wt% with five different concentrations, namely, Al2ZnO98(AZO), F0.5AZO97.5(FAZO1), F1AZO97(FAZO2), F1.5AZO96.5(FAZO3), and F2AZO96(FAZO4). Thin films are deposited with an RF power of 40 W and working pressure of 5 m Torr at 270 oC. The morphological analysis performed for the thin film reveals that surface roughness decreases in FAZO1 and FAZO2 samples when doped with a small amount of fluorine. Further, optical and electrical properties measured for FAZO1 sample show average optical transmissions of over 89 % in the visible region and 82.5 % in the infrared region, followed by low resistivity and sheet resistance of 3.59 × 10−4 Ωcm and 5.52 Ω/sq, respectively. In future, these thin films with excellent optoelectronic properties can be used for thin-film solar cell and other optoelectronics applications.

PURPOSES : This study reveals the social cost of illegal parking. Roadside illegal parking causes additional traffic congestion, air pollution, and traffic accidents. Several cities try to reduce illegal parking for the same reasons and build public parking spaces. However, few studies have been conducted on the effects and social cost of illegal parking problems. METHODS : In this study, a real-world study site was selected for the calibration of the VISSIM micro-simulator parameters, and several scenarios were created for developing illegal parking effect models. According to the simulation results, this study demonstrated five regression models that illustrated the average travel speed drop effects and the differences in emissions. RESULTS : Depending on the scenarios, the travel speed was dropped by 20 km/h–57 km/h and the levels of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide were increased by 111 g–279 g and 22.5 g–56.3 g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, a methodology for estimating the social cost of illegal parking was established. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to the evaluation of policies related to illegal parking or the feasibility of facility investment.

PURPOSES : In this study, the social cost of on-street parking spaces was estimated by dividing it into private and external costs. METHODS : We established a methodology and conducted a case analysis of Seoul. Private costs were estimated from the guidelines and historical data collected. The opportunity cost of the land was estimated using spatial information. External costs built a macroscopic model (using TransCAD) and estimated travel time, operation, accident, and environmental costs. RESULTS : The social cost per space was estimated at 77 million won. Private costs were analyzed as 133.3 billion won, the opportunity cost of the land was 68,555 billion won, and external costs were 118,25 billion won in 2020. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, a methodology for estimating the social cost of a road parking facility was established and applied to the case of Seoul. Therefore, it is expected to contribute to the objective reviewing of the feasibility of policy evaluation or facility investment related to parking facilities.

Concrete masonry prisms are strengthened with steel fiber-reinforced mortar (SFRM) overlay and tested for compressive and diagonal tension strength. Masonry prisms are produced in poor condition considering standard workmanship for masonry buildings in Korea. Amorphous steel fibers are adopted for SFRM, and appropriate mixing ratios of SFRM are derived considering constructability and strength. Masonry prisms are strengthened with different fiber volume ratios, while numerous strengthened faces and additional reinforcing meshes are produced for compression and diagonal tension tests. Compression and diagonal tension strength are increased by up to 122% and 856%, respectively, and the enhancement effect for diagonal tension strength was superior compared to compression strength. Finally, the test results and strength prediction equations based on existing literature and regression analysis are compared.

In the membrane process, it is important to improve water treatment efficiency to ensure water quality and minimize membrane fouling. In this study, a pilot study of membrane process using reservoir water was conducted for a long time to secure high flux operation technology capable of responding to influent turbidity changes. The raw water and DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) treated water were used for influent water of membrane to analyze the effect of water quality on the TMP (Trans Membrane Pressure) and to optimize the membrane operation. When the membrane flux were operated at 70 LMH and 80 LMH under stable water quality conditions with an inlet turbidity of 10 NTU or less, the TMP increase rates were 0.28 and 0.24 kPa/d, respectively, with minor difference. When the membrane with high flux of 80 LMH was operated for a long time under inlet turbidity of 10 NTU or more, the TMP increase rate showed the maximum of 43.5 kPa/d. However, when the CEB(Chemically Enhanced Backwash) cycle was changed from 7 to 1 day, it was confirmed that the TMP increase rate was stable to 0.23 kPa/d. As a result of applying pre-treatment process(DAF) on unstability water quality conditions, it was confirmed that the TMP rise rates differed by 0.17 and 0.64 kPa/d according to the optimization of the coagulant injection. When combined with coagulation pretreatment, it was thought that the balance with the membrane process was more important than the emphasis on efficiency of the pretreatment process. It was considered that stable TMP can be maintained by optimizing the cleaning conditions when the stable or unstable water quality even in the high flux operation on membrane process.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of ions in emulsion asphalt on recycling cold asphalt concrete and suggest the possibility of using anionic and nonionic emulsion asphalt. METHODS : In this study, indirect tensile strength, toughness, tensile strength ratio, and dynamic immersion tests were conducted to determine the effects of cation, anion, and non-ion emulsified asphalt on the cold recycled asphalt mixture. Crack resistance was evaluated through indirect tensile strength and toughness tests and the tensile strength ratio and dynamic immersion test were evaluated through tensile strength ratio and dynamic water immersion test. RESULTS : Indirect tensile strength and toughness measurement results demonstrated that the mixture using anion and non-ion emulsified asphalt tended to be higher than that using cation emulsified asphalt; this is due to the high content of reclaimed asphalt pavement with a cationic or ionic surface, which is related to the use of cation-emulsified asphalt in the mixture and has shown a low strength tendency. The tensile strength ratio measurement demonstrated that the mixture using non-ion emulsified asphalt tended to be approximately 15 % higher than that of the anion mixture. This demonstrated that the chemical additive used in the mixture showed a complete hydration reaction with the distribution to the mixture. The dynamic immersion test indicates that the aggregate film rate of asphalt is highly influenced by the surface electric charge of the new aggregate while the ionicity effect appears to be insignificant, at 75 - 85 %, when circular aggregates are used. CONCLUSIONS : High reclaimed asphalt pavement content in cold recycled asphalt mixture, as well as non-ion and anionic emulsified asphalt, is advantageous, reducing cracking and improving moisture resistance. It is believed that anions and non-ions may be better utilized than applying the existing criteria to the cold temperature recycled asphalt mixture with high reclaimed asphalt pavement content. In addition, if the scope of the emulsified asphalt is expanded, various additives can be used, which will require analysis of materials, such as fertilizers and additives.

본 연구는 골프선수들의 의류선택에 대한 심리적 의미에 대하여 현상학적 분석 방법으로 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 2017년 10월부터 2018년 3월까지 골프투어에 참여하고 있는 남, 여 골프선수들을 대상으로 남자선수 4명, 여자선수 2명으로 총 6명을 눈덩이 표집법으로 연구 참여자를 선정 하였으며, 자료분석은 심층면담과 참여관찰을 통해서 얻은 내용을 1차적으로 코딩하여 체계적으로 정리하고 분석하였으며, 2차적으로 주요 주제들이나 현상들을 중심으로 영역을 분류하여 범주화 작업을 진행하여 의미 있는 해석과 연구결과를 도출 할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 본 연구의 진실성과 타당도를 높이기 위해서 Guba & Lincoln(1981)이 제시한 질적연구의 수행 과정에 대하여 사실적 가치(truth value), 적용성 (applicability), 일관성(consistency), 그리고 중립성(neutrality)의 4가지 평가로 연구의 객관성을 확보하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 나에게 맞는 옷, 징크스, 그리고 내 옷은 나의 얼굴이다가 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해 선수들이 선택한 골프의류에 대한 심리적 의미를 이해하고 골프의류를 제작하는 과정에서 보다 선수들의 피드백을 제공 받을 수 있다는 긍정적 효과를 기대해 볼 수 있을 것이다.

중·저층 구조물의 구조물 건전도 모니터링을 위해 아두이노 기반 가속도 센서를 적용하기 앞서 아두이노 기반의 저가형 가속도 센서의 진동 계측 성능을 확인하고, 그 한계를 명확히 하고자 한다. 가진 장치에 상용 가속도 센서와 저가형 가속도 센서를 설치 하고 다양한 Case의 Sin파를 가진하여 그 응답을 계측하였다. 응답 결과는 상용 가속도 센서를 기준으로 저가형 센서의 계측 정확성을 비교하였다. 가진 진동수 추정에 있어서 대부분의 Case에서 유사한 결과를 나타내었으나 Magnitude 추정 결과에 있어서 가진 진폭이 낮은 1Hz/100mm이하의 경우 Magnitude 추정값이 부정확하게 나타났다. 이후 모든 Case에서는 저가형 가속도 센서와 상용 가속도 센서의 Magnitude 추정 결과가 유사하게 나타났다. 이러한 실험 결과를 바탕으로 아두이노 기반 저가형 가속도센서는 대체적으로 동적 계측의 유효성이 있다고 판단된다.

관상어는 최근 전 세계를 비롯하여 우리나라 관상어의 산업적, 사회적 가치가 재인식됨 으로써, 우리나라의 관상어 시장은 지속적으로 성장을 하고 있지만, 상품으로서는 일부 품종에만 한정되어있어 경쟁이 가능한 품종이 부족한 상태이다. 따라서 우리나라는 관상 어의 경쟁력을 확보해야 하고 뿐만 아니라 지속적인 홍보 전략 마련이 필요한 상황이다. 그리하여 본 연구는 한국 토종 담수 관상어의 대중화를 위해 일반인 10대부터 50대까지 의 다양한 연령대를 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문 결과, 한국 토종 담수어의 관심도는 ‘예’ 32%, ‘아니오’ 68%로 관심이 비교적 적 은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 한국 담수 관상어의 개발현황 파악 인지도는 ‘예’ 18%, ‘아니 오’ 82%로 일반인 소비자 대부분이 개발현황 파악 인지를 하지 못 하고 있음을 알 수 있 었다. 또한, 우리나라의 소비자가 바라본 한국 담수 관상어의 개선방안은 ‘수입어종보다 아름다운 어종’ 88%, ‘홍보’ 76%, ‘사육난이도’ 43%, ‘분양비용’ 39%로 외관적인 개선과 홍보 전략이 높게 나타났다. 따라서 우리나라는 관상어의 대중화를 위해 한국 담수 관상 어의 외관적인 개선과 지속적인 홍보 전략 방안을 모색하여야 한다.

In this study, the Bayesian state-space model was used for the stock assessment of the Blackfin flounder. In addition, effective measures for the resource management were presentedwith the analysis on the effectiveness of fisheries management plans. According to the result of the analysis using the Bayesian state-space model, the main biometric value of Blackfin flounder was analyzed as 1,985 tons for maximum sustainable yield (MSY), 23,930 tons for carrying capacity (K), 0.000007765 for catchability coefficient (q) and 0.31 for intrinsic growth (r). Also the evaluation on the biological effect of TAC was done. The result showed that the Blackfin flounder biomass will be kept at 14,637 tons 20 years later given the present TAC volume of 1,761 tons. If the Blackfin flounder TAC volume is set to 1,600 tons, the amount of biomass will increase to 16,252 tons in the future. Lastly, the biological effectiveness of the policy to reduce fishing effort was assessed. The result showed that the Blackfin flounder biomass will be maintained at 13,776 tons if the current fishing efforts (currently hp) level is set and maintained. If the fishing effort is reduced by 20%, it will increase to 17,091 tons in the future. The analysis on the economic effect of TAC showed that NPV will be the lowest at 1,486,410 won in 2038, 20 years after the establishment of 2,500 tons of TAC volume. If the TAC volume is set at 2,000 tons, NPV was estimated to be the highest at 2,206,522,000 won. In addition, the analysis on the economic effect of the policy to reduce the amount of fishing effort found that NPV will be 2,235,592,000 won in 2038, 20 years after maintaining the current level of fishing effort. If the fishing effort is increased by 10%, NPV will be the highest at 2,257,575 won even thoughthe amount of biomass will be reduced.

Seismic fragility was assessed for non-seismic reinforced concrete shear walls in Korean high-rise apartment buildings in order to implement an earthquake damage prediction system. Seismic hazard was defined with an earthquake scenario, in which ground motion intensity was varied with respect to prescribed seismic center distances given an earthquake magnitude. Ground motion response spectra were computed using Korean ground motion attenuation equations to match accelerograms. Seismic fragility functions were developed using nonlinear static and dynamic analysis for comparison. Differences in seismic fragility between damage state criteria including inter-story drifts and the performance of individual structural members were investigated. The analyzed building had an exceptionally long period for the fundamental mode in the longitudinal direction and corresponding contribution of higher modes because of a prominently insufficient wall quantity in such direction. The results showed that nonlinear static analyses based on a single mode tend to underestimate structural damage. Moreover, detailed assessments of structural members are recommended for seismic fragility assessment of a relatively low performance level such as collapse prevention. On the other hand, inter-story drift is a more appropriate criterion for a relatively high performance level such as immediate occupancy.

선체 부가물에서 발생하는 유동소음은 자체소음 관점에서 소나의 성능과 직결되고, 추진기 및 방향타와 상호작용을 통해 2차 소음원을 야기해 근접장 범위의 엄밀한 분석이 요구된다. 하지만 유동소음 해석에 적용되는 기존의 음향상사법은 음향 신호의 전파를 직접 모사하지 않는 간접법에 해당해 회절, 반사, 산란 특성을 고려할 수 없으며, 근접장 해석이 제한적이다. 본 연구에서는 격자 볼츠만 기법을 적용해 수중환경 유동소음의 전파과정을 직접 모사하였다. 격자 볼츠만 기법은 분자의 충돌과 흐름 과정을 통해 유동소음을 해석하는 기법으로, 압축성과 낮은 소산율, 낮은 분산율의 특성을 가지고 있어 소음해석에 적합하다. 선체 부가물 형상을 대상으로 RANS 해석을 통해 유동소음원을 도출하고, 유동-음향 경계면을 적용한 격자 볼츠만 기법으로 유동소음의 전파과정을 직접적으로 모사했다. 도출된 결과를 수음점의 위치에 따라 FW-H 결과 및 유체동압력 결과와 비교를 통해 근접장에서 타 기법 대비 격자 볼츠만 기법의 유용성을 확 인했다.