We present a new catalog of AGB stars based on infrared two-color diagrams (2CDs) and known properties of the pulsations and spectra. We exclude some misclassified objects from previous catalogs. We identify color areas in two IR 2CDs where most O-rich and C-rich objects listed in previous catalogs of AGB stars are found. By collecting new objects in these color selection areas in the two IR 2CDs, we find candidate objects for AGB stars. By using the color selection method, we identify 3996 new objects in the O-rich areas, 1487 new objects in the C-rich areas, and 295 new objects in the overlap areas of the two 2CDs simultaneously. We have found that 470 O-rich and 9 C-rich objects are Mira variables with positive spectral identification and they are newly identified AGB stars. We present a new catalog of 3828 O-rich AGB stars and 1168 C-rich AGB stars excluding misclassified objects and adding newly identified objects.

모더니즘 작가들은 이상적이며 주관적 자아를 객관화하기 위해 인간 삶 의 원형인 신화를 자신들의 소재로 사용하려는 경향이 있다. 이들의 신화적 기법은 “역사란 과거와 현재의 대화”라는 카아(E. H. Carr)의 역사개념을 수용함으로써 현재 와 과거를 병치시킨다. 예이츠의 설화와 극시는 켈트 신화 중에서도 주로 낭만적 영웅 어쉰(Oisin)이 등장한 핀 족의 이야기(Finn Cycle)와 얼스터 전쟁 영웅 쿠훌린 (Cuchulain)을 다룬 얼스터판(Ulster Cycle)을 그의 시적 소재로 채택했다. 한편 이들 시는 켈트 영웅정신으로 민족주의를 고취시키고 나아가 낭만적 아일랜드를 만드는데 공헌 한 것으로 평가된다. 그런데 이 논문에서는 예이츠의 극시와 설화는 켈트 민족주 의와 낭만적 아일랜드 만들기라는 그 같은 공적인 대의뿐 아니라 연인 모드 곤(Maud Gonne)에 대한 사랑과 염원이라는 예이츠의 개인적 의도를 함께 반영하고 있음을 증 명해보겠다.

This research considers the effect of added mesophase pitch (MP) as an additive during the pitch synthesis reaction of pyrolyzed fuel oil (PFO). Two effects are generated by adding MP. One is an enhancement of thermal stability due to the high thermal property of the additive; the other is that the volatile compounds that were removed by vaporization of PFO during the thermal reaction can participate in the pitch synthesis reaction (PFO→pitch) more efficiently. The effect differs according to the amount of the additive. When the amount of the additive is less than 7 wt%, the first effect is dominant, whereas the second effect is dominant when the additive amount exceeds 10 wt%.

Recently, additive-free sweet potato has been commercialized as a healthier snack food. However, these products are producing by semi-dried form to extend shelf-life, hence the products also possesses hard texture during chewing. To produce crispy sweet potato snack, this study was attempted to dry the semi-dried sweet potato instantly by a hot-press (HP) process. Mashed sweet potato was reformed and semi-dried at 65°C for varying time to provide various final moisture contents. The semi-dried samples were subjected to HP at the process temperature of 175-180°C for 2 seconds. As quality parameters, moisture content, brix, color, texture and sensorial test of the products were evaluated. Based on the results, optimal quality of the product was obtained by the semi-dried sample with 15~18% moisture at which the products exhibited good crispiness with bright yellow color. When the moisture content of the sample before HP was lower than 15%, the final products were normally broken during the HP process. In addition, extreme browning appearance was generated in this condition. Conversely, the sample with more than 18% of moisture was not completely dried by HP and the final product did not possess the crispy texture, although this product showed bright yellow appearance. Consequently, this study demonstrated the potential application of HP in sweet potato processing and the best condition was greatly affected by moisture content of sample prior to HP process.

Sulfated polysaccharides are known to be immune-stimulators in mammals and can be used as food additives to enhance immunity. In this study, the immune-stimulating activity of water-soluble anionic macromolecules F2 fractionation isolated from Codium fragile using ion-exchange chromatography was tested in olive flounder, Paralichythys olivaceus, in vitro and in vivo. The gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1β was adopted to check the immune-affection. As a result, in vitro study revealed that the expression of IL-1β was significantly upregulated in head kidney cells by 1 and 5 μg/ml of polysaccharides 4 h and by 5 μg/ml of polysaccharides at 24 h. In vivo, IL-1β gene expression in head kidney was significantly upregulated by 20 and 100 μg of the polysaccharides at day 1 post-i.p. injection, while downregulated at day 3 but not significant. Meanwhile, in peritoneal cells, it was upregulated by 20 μg of the polysaccharides at day 1 but the upregulation was sustained until day 3 though it was not significant. These results indicate that the sulfated polysaccharides from C. fragile are an immune-stimulator and might be potential feed additives for olive flounder.

Chinese longhorned beetle (CLB; Anoplophora chinensis) and Asian longhorned beetle (ALB; A. glabripennis) were accidentally introduced into the US from the Asia back in 90s’ and have been causing economic damage on hardwood species in the US. An international cooperative team made field surveys in Korea to find parasitoids of CLB and ALB using sentinel logs that were infested with eggs of the two cerambycids.. As a result, two parasitic wasps of Anopolophora species were newly recognised from Korea: Aprostocetus anoplophorae Delvare (Eulophidae) as an egg parasitoid of CLB and Leluthia honshuensis Belokobylskij & Maeto (Braconidae) as a larval parasitoid of ALB. Identification was made using both morphological and molecular data. Morphological information was provided along with images of developmental stages and adults.

예이츠는 1920대의 내전을, 히니는 1968년부터 98년까지의 북아일랜드 사태라는 혼돈의 시대를 경험했다. 이 논문은 이 두 시인의 이 같은 내전에 대한 반 응을 그들의 시를 통해 고찰함을 목적으로 한다. 내전에 대한 예이츠의 반응을 구체적 으로 살펴보면 그는 처음부터 그의 영적 기질과 앵글로 아이리시라는 사회적 정체성에 따라 이룰 수 없는 사랑이나 이상적 과거라는 영적인 유토피아로 도피하려 했고, 아일랜드 공화국 탄생의 밑거름이었던 부활절 봉기에 대해서도 애매한 찬사를 보냈으 며, 내전에 대해서는 환멸과 의도적 회피를 나타냈음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 그의 후 기 시에서는 낭만적 아일랜드를 옹호하는 앵글로 아이리시의 귀족적인 어조를 찾아낼 수 있었다. 한편 히니의 경우에는 가톨릭 차별에 대해 온건한 저항을 보이지만 다른 한편으로는 북아일랜드 사태의 근원을 찾아내려함과 동시에 화해적인 전략을 추구함 으로써.객관적으로 반응하려 했음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 예이츠와 히니는 이 같이 해결할 수 없는 내전 상황에서 소수파 예술가이기 때문에 내적 망명인의 길을 택할 수 밖에 없었다는 공통점을 갖고 있다.

Ribosomal protein L21 (RPL21) plays an important role in ribosome assembly. It is considered to be a major cause for the occurrence of the hypotrichosis simplex (HTS), a type of sustained hair loss from early childhood to adulthood. In this study, the full-length sequence of pig RPL21 gene (GenBank accession number: KU891824) was cloned and identified for the first time. We found it contains a 483-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 160 amino acids. It is located in the plus strand of chromosome 11, which spans 2,167 bp from 4,199,792 to 4,201,958. We found RPL21 expression level is closely related to cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest. In the knockdown group, the cell proliferation activity was significantly decreased (P<0.01) and an obvious accumulation of cells at the G2/M phase with a simultaneous up-regulation of p53 and p21 was observed. This likely due to knockdown of RPL21 triggered ribosomal stress, which affected the normal ribosome assembly and caused defective ribosome biogenesis. The unassembled RPs were released consequently from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm where they can activate p53-dependent cell-cycle responsive factors and led to a G2/M arrest. We expect these results may provide valid information for further study on the pig RPL21 gene and the cause of hypo trichosis simplex.

Since first reported in 1988 the Pine Wilt Disease has been established and spreaded nearly nationwide in South Korea, causing tremendous economic damage in pine forests. The pine wilt nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), causing the Pine Wilt Disease, in Korea is known to be transported by two insect vectors that are Monochamus alternatus Hope and Monochamus saltuarius Gebler. Currently the pest management strategy largely relies on pesticide application and infected tree clearing. The aim of the present study was to search for early larval parasitoids of M. alternatus using the sentinel log infested with the cerambycid eggs. Only one braconid species was collected and identified as Spathius verustus Chao. Two to ten wasp larvae attached and fed on one host larva. Parasitism rate was 55.5 to 59 % in Jinju site, while 1 to 18.1 % the other sites. Sex ratio was female-biased (female : male = 18.9 : 1). The S. verstus has potential to be use as parasitic natural enemy of M. alternatus.

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of the bread containing a honeyed red ginseng by-product (HRG). HRG was added to bread dough at various concentration ranging from 10-30%, after which physicochemical properties of dough and bread containing HRG were determined. The pH, loaf volume, specific loaf volume, volume and baking loss decreased with increasing amount of HRG in bread, whereas loaf weight and hardness were increased. In particular, hardness appeared to be 2.18 times higher in the control without HRG compared to the bread containing 30% HRG. For color, increasing the amount of HRG reduced a and b values, whereas L value was increased. In sensory evaluation, the highest overall preference score was observed in containing 20% HRG, whereas the lowest score was observed in bread with 10% HRG. From a honeyed red ginseng by-product bread with good acceptability has an optimum HRG concentration of 20%.

The present study investigated the effect of enzyme inclusion on silage quality using meta-analysis tool. A total of 16 research papers reporting the effect of enzyme application on silage quality were employed in the meta-analysis of this study. Mixed model for integrating quantitative results from multiple studies was used first to calculate the predicted error of each study. Individual error from the estimated model was the applied into standard deviation of each study to calculate the mean difference. Finally, summary effect was determined using standard mean difference (SMD) and inversed variance weighting. Mixed model analysis and SMD analysis showed the same effect patterns in all analysis items. Enzyme inclusion in silage significantly (p < 0.05) altered all silage quality characteristics investigated compared to control when enzyme was not included. Our results showed that enzyme treatment increased dry matter content, preserved crude protein effectively, and elevated water soluble carbohydrate content. However, the pH value, acetic acid, propionic acid, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber contents in silage with enzyme inclusion were lower than those of the control.

‘내적 망명인’의 사전적 정의는 정치적 이유로 고국을 떠나 사는 사람을 의미한다. 셰이머스 히니가 내적 망명인으로 살 수밖에 없었던 이유는 신교 영국인이 기득권을 지닌 지역에서의 소수파 가톨릭 시인이었기 때문이었다. 그리고 히니가 남 아일랜드 땅에 넘어와서도 자신을 과거 전설의 방랑자 스위니와 동일시 한 이유는 종 교, 정치적 편협성을 벗어나기를 원했기 때문이다. 해결될 수 없는 인종 및 종교 갈등 과 가톨릭 민족주의는 아일랜드 작가들을 편파적 지역성에 가둘 수 있기 때문에 세계 적인 작가가 되려는 아일랜드 작가들은 내적 망명인으로의 운명을 감수하려는 공통적 인 현상이 발견된다. 이 논문에서는 일차적으로 얼스터의 소수 가톨릭이란 이유로 내 적 망명인이 될 수밖에 없었던 히니의 상황을 그의 시를 통해 고찰할 것이다.

This study was performed to investigate the correlation between the primary squamous cell carcinoma in oral cavity (POSCC) and paired metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma in cervical lymph node (MOSCC) via immunohistochemical staining with Ki-67 and p53. The subjects included ten patients (20 specimens) who were diagnosed with OSCC with metastatic lymph nodes from 2010 to 2015 and surgically treated involving neck dissection in Kyungpook National University Hospital. Twenty specimens were stained immunohistochemically with Ki-67 and p53. The degrees of immunostaining by Ki-67 and p53 was evaluated as 0 (no positive cells), weak (1~25% positive cells), moderate (26-50% positive cells) and strong (>50% positive cells). Despite the strong tendency, there was no statistically significant result between expressions of Ki-67 and p53 in POSCC or MOSCC. We found that high expression of Ki-67 was significantly correlated with poor degree of differentiation. Our results suggest that expression of Ki-67 may be a predictable factor for degree of differentiation of POSCC and MOSCC.

The scope of this paper is implementation issues of the e-Navigation concept of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). IMO has adopted the e-Navigation strategic implementation plan (SIP) in 2014. This plan, i.a., bases on estimating the effect of e-Navigation applications on reducing navigational accidents, including collisions and groundings of ships falling under the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) by approximately 65 per cent. However, IMO Member States are responsible for safety of navigation and efficient vessel traffic at international but also on national levels. Regarding the introduction of new concepts and innovative systems into vessel traffic there is a need to comprehensively assess potential effects not only for SOLAS ships but also for non-SOLAS ships. This paper aims at a more comprehensive and theoretically sounded estimation of e-Navigation potentials by investigating and applying IMO’s methodology for quantification of those effects also to the implementation of e-Navigation solutions to ships not falling under the SOLAS convention (non-SOLAS ships). The authors carried out a case study using the SMART-Navigation concept of Korea as model case for impact assessment. For the mentioned purpose, this paper identifies main tool kits of IMO e- Navigation, proposes and applies a set of formulas to comprehensively assess and quantify effects of new functions or services based on IMO’s methodological approaches. From gained results authors suggest investigations not only taking into account expert opinions but also simulation trials to identify factors and coefficients for thorough calculations. From the results the authors conclude and recommend to extend the impact assessment of e-Navigation also to vessel traffic involving non-SOLAS ships as a general and global recommendation to coastal states. Further, results are provided as a potential model case for IMO Member States’ reference for their statespecific individual situation and conditions.