In this study, a two-stage electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was developed using a novel automatic dry cleaning device to reduce the ultrafine particles in subway stations. Collection efficiency was evaluated with a pilot scale ESP (1.2m× 1.2m) and the scale of the test duct was half of the subway air handling unit. The maximum collection efficiency for 0.3 μm particles was 96.9%. In addition, we studied a method of automatic dry cleaning for maintenance of the ESP. The cleaning efficiency was analyzed according to the cleaning flow rate for each particle loading amount to achieve a recovery rate over 90%. In addition, we derived the equation to estimate the reduction in collection efficiency according to the particle loading amount. It was confirmed that the performance of the contaminated ESP was restored to the initial state by the automatic dry cleaning in this study and that the electrical energy consumption was 5 times lower compared to utilizing conventional water cleaning.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to perform traffic flow characteristics analysis for each point of the long-term work zones and to propose an estimated capacity method to support the establishment of traffic flow management strategies for the long-term work zones. METHODS : The study explained the difference in traffic flow characteristics between the short-term and the long-term work zones, and estimated the capacity of the long-term work zones. The analysis data were collected from five points of long-term work zones of the twolane highway. And VDS and DSRC data were applied to validate data. RESULTS : The characteristics of traffic flow at each measurement point in the long-term work zones showed some differences, among which the capacity was estimated as the starting point to be 1,200 pcphpl and the ending point, 1,400 pcphpl. The delay length was estimated by applying the queuing theory based on the capacity of the start point where the bottleneck starts. As a result of verifying the congestion length based on space diagram map analysis, it was determined that the capacity calculation value and estimation methodology presented in this study were appropriate. CONCLUSIONS : The long-term work zones are mixed with different characteristics of roads, so as the capacity values depending on the analysis location. Therefore, it is necessary to select analysis points and methodologies for estimating capacity and delay depending on the purpose of the analysis, such as estimating the maximum queue length or analyzing the maximum travel time. Through this study, it is expected that by providing accurate information on congestion in advance, road users can detour to other roads, and construction officials can adjust the construction plan to minimize congestion in the construction section.

Indoor air quality management is essential for a healthy life. However, it is difficult to perceive, detect, and monitor the level of indoor air pollution and this means that it is possible to be exposed to more pollution indoors than outdoors. In this study, in order to derive effective indoor air quality management measures, public perceptions and behavioral characteristics regarding indoor particulate matter and air quality management methods were investigated through a survey of 1,000 people. Based on the survey, it was found that most of the respondents had a negative perception of the indoor air quality of their residence, and natural ventilation was the most used method for indoor air quality management. Although the frequency of use of air quality management devices such as air purifiers and mechanical ventilation systems was relatively low, their effect regarding air quality management was positively perceived. In particular, the results of survey indicated that respondents of families which included members with fragile health engaged in more active behavior regarding in indoor air quality management than those respondents whose family members had no health issues and that the former have used air quality management devices more frequently. Therefore, it is necessary to develop proper guidelines to encourage more people to actively participate in improving indoor air quality.

High concentrations of fine particles are increasingly being detected due to inflows from abroad and local emission sources in Korea. As most people spend about 90% of their time indoors, the use of indoor air cleaners has grown significantly as they are now thought to be essential items. In this study, the noise, power consumption, and clean air delivery rate (CADR) of commercial air cleaners were analyzed according to the structural shape of the air cleaners. Analyses were performed based on the experimental results of 249 cases for air cleaners certified by Korea Air Cleaning Association. The air cleaners with front inlet and upper outlet air flow direction, which currently account for the highest market share, were found to have the highest noise per CADR (dB(A)/(m3/min)). On the other hand, the air cleaners with the inlet and outlet air flow in the same horizontal direction were found to have lowest noise per CADR than other structures.

본 연구에서는 토지피복유형에 따른 바이오에어로졸 중 배양성 세균분포를 파악하기 위하여 충청북도 충주시에 위치한 3가지 유형을 대상으로 실시하였다. 토지피복에 따른 기상요소와 바이오에어로졸을 조사하여 측정지점별 미기상변화에 따른 세균 분포를 비교·분석할 수 있었다. 측정지점별 미기상 중 기온의 차이는 도시 숲 8.7℃, 수변 녹지 10.8℃, 도심지 10.2℃로 측정지점 중 도시 숲이 가장 낮은 기온 값을 보였으며, 상대습도는 도시 숲 61.8%, 수변 녹지 59.3%, 도심지 55.7%로 도시 숲이 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 동정된 세균은 43속 99종으로 나타났다. 배양된 세균의 종 다양성 측면에서는 수변녹지 22속, 도시 숲 21속, 도심지 17속으로 조사되었으며, 종수의 경우 수변녹지 37종, 도심지 31종, 도시 숲 31종으로 나타났다. 3가지 유형의 측정지에 모두 존재하는 종은 Bacillus toyonensis와 Pseudarthrobacter oxydan으로 나타났으며, 또한 도시 숲과 수변녹지와 같은 녹지지역에서 존재하는 Herbiconiux flava종을 확인하였다. 측정지점별 미기상환경에 따른 세균농도의 변화를 분석한 결과 도시 숲 333CFU/㎥, 수변 녹지 287CFU/㎥, 도심지 173CFU/㎥ 순으로 나타났으며, 미기상 중 기온변화에 따른 측정지점별 농도변화는 미비하였다. 그러나 상대습도와 풍속은 농도변화와 유사한 경향을 보인 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 토지피복유형에 따른 바이오에어로졸 중 배양성 세균의 분포 정도를 파악하여 측정지점별 바이오에어로졸의 특성을 비교·분석하여 추후 건강한 도시 관리 및 녹지조성의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

본 연구는 2016년부터 2019년까지 3년에 걸쳐 수행 된 파라과이 KOPIA 센터의 참깨 시범마을 사업의 경영성과와 투자타당성을 분석하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 시범사업 참여농가는 1,172천~2,928천Gs/ha의 수익이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 가구 기준으로 산출할 경우 연간 760$ 이상의 소득 증가가 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 시범사업 투자의 타당성에 대한 평가지표로 활용된 B/C Ratio는 1.52로 분석되어 경제적 타당성이 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 시범사업에 참여한 농가들의 만족도를 7점 척도로 분석한 결과 시범사업의 전반적인 만족도, 소득증가에 대한 만족도, 수량증가에 대한 만족도 모든 항목에 대해서 만족함, 매우 만족함에 응답하였다. 계속 참여의향 역시 매우 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 종자의 균일성에 대한 만족도가 6.9점으로 가장 높았다. 성공적으로 평가되는 파라과이 KOPIA센터의 참깨 시범마을 사업의 성공요인은 첫째, 적합품목의 선택, 둘째, 현지 적응 신품종의 선발 및 보급, 셋째, 수동파종기, 배무식 분무기, 공동경운을 도입하여 생산성을 향상하고, 노동력을 절감, 넷째, 적정시비량, 윤작체계, 친환경 엽면시비 등의 재배교육을 통해 농약과 비료비는 절감하고, 수확량 증가와 품질향상을 도모한 것 등이다. 특히, 수익성이 떨어지고 있는 목화의 대체품목이며, 생산 증가에도 가격하락 위험이 적은 수출품목인 참깨를 선발한 부분과, 단기간에 이루어지기 어려운 현지적합 품종을 선발했다는 점, 수동파종기와 배무식 분무기, 녹비작물, 지렁이액비 등 저소득 농업인이 지속적으로 수용 가능한 기술이 보급되었다는 점을 높이 평가할 수 있다.

PURPOSES: Traffic safety facilities are used to prevent traffic accidents before they occur by providing drivers with information on traffic situations and the geometric design of roads. However, some facilities not defined in guidelines do not meet installation criteria, yet are being installed and used in order to increase efficiency in traffic flow and prevent traffic accidents in a specific expressway zone. In this study, we have evaluated the effect of delineation system which are not defined in the guideline criteria. METHODS : Different virtual scenarios were created for roads using expressway median barrier chevron signs, with a driving simulator used to evaluate the installation and operational effect of such signs. Ten experiments were performed with left- and right-curved roads at curve radius intervals of 500 m, from 500 m to 2,500 m. RESULTS: For sections with a curve radius of more than 1,500 m, drivers had a clear tendency toward stable driving regardless of delineation system. When a chevron sign is installed on a protection fence in the road curving left, an expanded installation is recommended up to the section with a curve radius of 1,000 m. According to the analysis results for the RHB (Relative High Beta spectrum), driving concentration also improved up to a curve radius of 1,000 m. CONCLUSIONS: The experiment result indicates the extent of biasing within a lane and the manipulation amount of steering handle, were analyzed and found to be affected by curve radius and road alignment regardless of delineation system.

PURPOSES : This study was conducted to analyze the effects arising from extending the duration of nighttime road construction on improving road quality and durability. METHODS : Most previous studies estimating the social cost of various construction conditions did not consider road pavement cooling time as a factor in improving road pavement quality. This study investigated the feasibility of achieving higher road quality and durability by extending the duration of nighttime road construction time extension. For this investigation, the effects of such an extension on traffic conditions were analyzed based on micro-simulation studies and scenario-based cost-benefit analyses, using factors including traffic volume, delay, construction cost, and road pavement cooling time. RESULTS : The results of the traffic simulation studies and cost-benefit analyses indicate that the current road construction method that emphasizes completing nighttime road construction by 6 a.m. reduces pavement life while causing relatively little traffic delay. If the night construction time is instead extended to 2 p.m., road pavement lifetime is increased, reducing road re-construction cost. These savings are greater than the cost of congestion arising from extending the duration of nighttime construction. CONCLUSIONS : The current nighttime construction durations need to be extended in order to efficiently manage roads and reduce road management costs.

｢도로주행 시뮬레이터 실험시설｣은 실차 도로주행 실험이 불가능한 도로교통 환경에 대해 가상현실 기법을 이용하여 실제 운전상황을 모의하는 가상주행 실험시설에 해당된다. 해당 실험시설은 실시간 차량동역학 시뮬레이션 시스템(Real-Time Simulation System), 운동 시스템(Motion system), 3차원 영상 생성 및 시현 시스템(Image Generation and Display System), 음향 생성 및 시현 시스템(Sound System)을 상호 연계시켜 통합시스템 구축을 목표로 하고 있다. 운전자가 가상주행을 하는 동안 휠 조작, 엑셀레이터, 브레이크 페달 조작에 따른 자동차의 물리적 운동을 실시간 계측·분석하고, 그 결과를 영상, 운동 및 음향 큐 등을 통해 운전자에게 전달함으로써 시뮬레이터에 탑승한 운전자가 실제 자동차를 운전하고 있다는 느낌을 받게 하는 첨단 도로교통 연구 장비이다. 도로주행 시뮬레이터의 활용 예상 분야는 첫째, 개통 전·후 도로의 종합적 설계검토 활성화가 예상됨에 따라 도로의 서비스 상태를 개통 전과 후로 구분하고, 해당 시점의 다양한 요소를 반영하여 운전자 측면의 교통안전 및 설계 적정성 검토 분야에 활용한다. 둘째, 운영단계에서의 발생 가능한 위험 요소에 대한 대책수립 및 평가에 본 실험시설을 적극 활용하여 운영 조건별 특성을 반영한 교통안전 수준를 검토하고, 문제점을 정량화 하여 개선대책의 효과를 사전에 검토, 개선방안 수립의 과학화를 유도한다. 셋째, 지능형 교통시스템의 연구개발 및 평가체계 수립을 추진한다. 마지막으로, 이종산업(자동차, ITS, 군수, 가상훈련, 디지털콘텐츠 등) 융복합 실험시설로 활용을 기대 할 수 있다. 도로주행 시뮬레이터를 활용하여 교통안전성 제고 측면에서 교통안전시설 표준화 수립 및 개정 시에 기초자료로 활용이 가능하다. 이는 교통안전시설의 설치위치, 설치간격, 설치높이 등에 관한 기준을 많이 지키지 않아 설치의 일관성이 결여되어 있는 경우가 있기 때문이다. 또한, 일부 구간에는 안전시설 설치가 과다하게 되어있으며, 운전자에게 혼란을 초래하여 비효율적 운영 및 유지/관리 한계 상태이다. 스마트톨링 시대를 대비하여 새로이 개발되는 시스템 및 장치에 맞게 교통안전시설 표준안을 수립할 수 있을 것이다. 연구활용도 측면에서 구체적으로 보행자 친화형 휴게소 광장부 표준안 수립, 2차사고 예방을 위한 정보제공 표출방식 수립, 고령운전자 맞춤형 교통안전시설 설치기준 재정립, 최적 교통정온화 기법 수립, 졸음운전 방지를 위한 노면 패턴 도색 디자인 개발, 장대터널/지하고속도로 운전자 주의환기시설 표준 디자인 개발 등에 장비가 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

At the Flower Research Institute of Chungcheongnam-do agricultural research and extension service, ‘Shusin’ and ‘ST06-005-11’ were crossed and a candidate descendant, ‘ST09-173-06’, was selected based on disease resistance and other morphological traits. We intensively tested the candidate line on various characteristics, including the floral qualities through shading and retarding culture, starting from year 2009. In 2011, we registered this line as the standard chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) cultivar ‘Baekseol’. The natural flowering time of 'Baekseol' starts the 24th of October, which is earlier than ‘Jinba’ (29th of October). ‘Baekseol’ is favorable at winter growing season and the flower vase life is 17 days. The cut flower length of ‘Baekseol’ is 87.2 cm, which is shorter than ‘Jinba’ (97.4 cm) and the lateral branch number of ‘Baekseol’ (15.6 per plant) is less than ‘Jinba’ (21.8 per plant). The flower size of ‘Baekseol’ is 14.6 cm (‘Jinba’, 13.4 cm) and the petal number per flower is 430.4 (316.3 per flower for ‘Jinba’). Careful nutrient management is required at t he e arly g rowing s tage. T he s hort d ay t reatment i s appropriate when the plant is approximately 40 - 45 cm. In addition, flower bud differentiation temperature is approximately 16 - 17℃.

현재 국내 간선도로의 80% 이상이 무조명구간이고, 도로 야간시인성 증진 시설의 설치 및 운영관리 미 흡으로 야간 주행환경이 열악한 실정이다. 이에 따라 교통사고 사망자의 50% 이상이 야간에 발생하고 있 는 문제해결을 위해 야간 주행환경 개선이 매우 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 운전자 인지행태 기반으 로 모의실험을 수행함으로서 선형유도시설의 밝기 수준별 운전자 시감과의 관계를 도출하고, 야간 도로의 시인성 평가를 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 한다. 여러 선형유도시설 중 갈매기 표지, 시선유도표지, 델리네이터의 밝기에 대한 만족도 조사를 실시하였 다. 이를 통해 야간 도로 선형유도시설의 밝기와 운전자가 느끼는 만족도와의 시감 관계를 도출하였다. 실험 결과, 각 시설별 자체밝기와 시감과의 관계는 선형관계를 보이지만 대비값과 시감은 선형관계를 나 타나지 않는 것으로 확인하였다. 두 요인의 시감에 대한 영향도를 자세하게 추정하기 위해 통계모형을 개발하였다. 종속변수로 설정하 는 시감이 리커드 5점 척도이기 때문에 범주형 변수이며 순서를 지니고 있기 때문에 순서형 로짓 모형을 사용하였다. 독립변수로는 자체밝기와 대비값을 설정하였는데, 두 요인의 범위가 상이함에 따른 왜곡을 최소화하기 위해 독립변수의 범위를 0~1로 변환하여 모형을 개발하였다. 순서형 로짓 모형을 이용하여 시감에 대한 자체밝기와 대비값의 영향력을 분석한 결과, 모든 모형에서 자체밝기는 크게 영향을 주는 것 으로 보이며, 대비값은 차선을 제외하고는 영향정도가 상대적으로 미비한 것으로 분석된다.

Sesame is queen of oil seed crops and widely cultivated in Asia and Africa. The aim of this study was to develop a mini sub core set representing the diverse germplasm of sesame and to assess the genetic diversity, population structure and phylogenetic relationship of the resulted sub core set to be used in whole genome resequencing platform. One hundred twelve accessions out of 277 accessions were selected by the PowerCore program. A total of 155 alleles were captured from the 158 alleles detected in the primary core population, and rare alleles and specific alleles were also maintained in the sub core set accessions representing almost 100% of the primary core population. Among the sub core set accessions, four sub populations were observed with some admixture accessions. Although the genetic diversity of Pop-1 which includes most accessions from Korea is relatively lower than that of other three sub populations, it can maintain maximum number of accessions in the sub core set with the same percentage as in the primary core set probably because of the specific features of these accessions. Based on this framework of genetically defined populations, the effective use and conservation management of Sesamum indicum for crop improvement might be possible.

During periods where a fine dust watch was announced, we measured particulate matter by the light scattering method and the gravimetric method in accordance with the application of an air cleaner in 3 homes. The first investigation showed a lower indoor particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentration distribution than normal when there was a fine dust warning. Also, it was found that the result of the second research was similar to the first research, and was the effect of an air cleaner. The result of a comparison of black carbon (BC) concentration in accordance with an air cleaner at one room showed a lower concentration distribution than normal, as in the first and the second research when there was a fine dust warning. PM2.5 risk reduction effect showed 9.09E-5 (light scattering method) ~ 9.37E-5 (Gravimetric method) and 1.71E-4 (Light scattering method) ~ 1.76E-4 (Gravimetric method). Therefore, it was found that when there was a fine dust watch without ventilation, if air cleaner with the proper capacity is used and the influx of outside air reduced, the harmful effects of the fine dust can be lessened.