Among Japan's agriculture, forestry, fisheries and regional revitalization plans established in June 2018, the key matters related to aquaculture include ① a new perspective on the sponge use system for the development of aquaculture and coastal fisheries, ② a comprehensive strategy for growth and industrialization of aquaculture, and ③ expansion of suitable aquaculture areas. There are four countermeasures including ④ research and development trends. In accordance with these key points, the Japanese government established a comprehensive strategy for aquaculture growth and industrialization by strategically setting aquaculture items in consideration of domestic and international demand, establishing a comprehensive strategy from production to sales and export, and then working in earnest to promote the aquaculture industry. This study analyzes environmental changes surrounding aquaculture in Japan and trends in fish farming and marine products, and summarizes the key points of the June 2018 Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Regional Revitalization Plan to suggest measures that can be utilized in Korea’s aquaculture policy.

To investigate the impact of forestry projects on the carbon stocks of forests, we estimated the carbon stock change of above-ground and soil before and after forestry projects using forest type maps, forestry project information, and soil information. First, we selected six map sheet with large areas and declining age class based on forest type map information. Then, we collected data such as forest type maps, growth coefficients, soil organic matter content, and soil bulk density of the estimated areas to calculate forest carbon storage. As a result, forest carbon stocks decreased by about 34.1~70.0% after forestry projects at all sites. In addition, compared to reference studies, domestic forest soils store less carbon than the above-ground, so it is judged that domestic forest soils have great potential to store more carbon and strategies to increase carbon storage are needed. It was estimated that the amount of carbon stored before forestry projects is about 1.5 times more than after forestry projects. The study estimated that it takes about 27 years for forests to recover to their pre-thinning carbon stocks following forestry projects. Since it takes a long time for forests to recover to their original carbon stocks once their carbon stocks are reduced by physical damage, it is necessary to plan to preserve them as much as possible, especially for highly conservative forests, so that they can maintain their carbon storage function.

In this study, we examined the effects of gamma irradiation dosage on the mycelial growth of Auricularia auriculajudae and performed analyses of fruiting body yield, growth characteristics, taste, fragrance, and mineral composition. Assessments of mycelial growth in response to gamma irradiation at different intensities revealed an enhancement in the growth of fungi exposed to irradiation at 200 Gy. Fruiting body yield was also highest at 200 Gy, followed by 800 Gy and the control group. On the basis of these observations, we subsequently applied gamma ray doses of 200 and 800 Gy to examine the effects of irradiation on fungal quality characteristics. In terms of the taste of fruiting bodies, we detected no significant differences among the control, 200 Gy, and 800 Gy groups. Contrastingly, with respect to fragrance, we found that fungi treated with 200 Gy were characterized by a pattern that differed from those of the control and other treatment groups. Furthermore, whereas we detected no significant difference among treatments with respect total dietary fiber content, calcium content was found to be higher in the treatment groups compared with the control group, with the highest content being measured in fungi exposed to 800 Gy irradiation. Copper content was confirmed to be higher in the control group, whereas there were no significant differences between the fungi irradiated with 200 and 800 Gy. Contrastingly, the highest levels of zinc were detected in response to 200 Gy irradiation, followed by 800 Gy. Collectively, our findings thus indicate that gamma irradiation can contribute to promoting increases in the fruiting body yield and mineral contents of mushrooms.

목적 : 본 연구는 무릎관절 치환술 환자를 위한 작업치료 임상 가이드라인을 체계적으로 개발하고자 하였다. 전 세계적으로 무릎관절 치환술을 받은 환자들의 회복과 지역사회 복귀에 있어 작업치료의 역할이 매우 중요하다는 문헌이 보고되고 있으나, 우리나라에서는 관절 치환술 환자를 위한 작업치료가 거의 제공되지 않는다는 현실이 있다. 본 연구에서는 무릎관절 치환술 환자를 위한 근거기반 작업치료 중재를 확인하고 이것을 가이드라인을 통해 제안하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 가이드라인 개발 방법은 영국 작업치료사협회의 ｢Practice guideline development manual(4th edition)｣에서 소개한 절차를 따랐다. Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes(PICO) 임상 질문 설정은 이해관계자의 의견을 수렴하여 한국의 보건·의료제도를 고려하여 설정하고 이를 바탕으로 체계적 고찰을 진행하였다. 데이터베이스에서 총 7,241건의 논문을 추출하였으며 논문의 질 평가 및 비평적 읽기를 통해 최종 66편의 근거 논문을 선정하였다. 논문의 중재를 바탕으로 가이드라인 내용을 구성하고 권고 강도는 Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations(GRADE) approach 체계를 활용하여 [권고]와 [제안]으로 구분하였다. 결과 : 무릎관절 치환술 환자를 위한 작업치료 임상 가이드라인 권고 내용은 ‘환자 중심’과 ‘서비스 제공 중심’으로 범주화하였다. ‘환자 중심’범주에는 ‘일상생활 활동기능 향상’, ‘정신건강의 안정(불안, 우울 등)’, ‘환자 만족도 증가’, ‘지역사회복귀 향상’을, ‘서비스 제공 중심’범주에는 ‘작업치료사를 포함한 다학제 재활팀 구성’과 ‘작업치료 를 통한 병원 입원 기간 단축’을 위한 내용을 포함하였다. 결론 : 무릎관절 치환술 환자를 위한 작업치료 임상 가이드라인은 수술환자들의 안정적인 지역사회 복귀와 입원 기간 단축에 기여할 것이다. 또한 정형외과 작업치료사 역량 강화를 위한 교육자료로 활용될 수 있으며 의료비 용 감소를 위한 정책 마련에 근거 자료가 될 것이다.

We deduced the proper estimation methodology for the amount of carbon sequestration by damaged trees for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). The nine development projects related to renewable energy, damaged trees occur, assessment status and used method of evaluating the carbon storage of damaged trees were summarized. And after re-calculating the carbon storage of damaged trees through allometric equations, the difference between the two groups, re-calculated the damaged trees carbon storage and the damaged trees carbon storage in the report, was validated. As a result, damaged trees carbon storage in words was more than the re-calculated damaged trees carbon storage, and it was statistically significant (p<0.005). This result means that the existing method for calculating damaged tree carbon storage is overcalculated. It was judged that it was necessary to improve the calculation method. Therefore, allometric equations suitable for each dominated-tree species should be used when calculating the damaged tree carbon storage. Furthermore, we propose to establish a carbon storage calculation system based on actual data from the ecosystem so that researchers can efficiently and accurately the damaged trees carbon storage. Key words: damaged vegetation, carbon sequestration, allometric equation, environmental impact

The introduction of the wholesalers system is being considered from various aspects in order to improve the problems of the listed auction system of wholesale corporations. The wholesalers system is a corporation that receives designation from the creator and purchases or consigns agricultural and fishery products to wholesale or broker sales, and has the advantage of reducing the distribution stage and distribution costs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the wholesalers system introduced to improve the problems of the listed auction system of wholesale corporations through a case study of market wholesalers handling fishery products.

The present study investigated the effect of global warming on germination and initial growth across six deciduous oak species (Quercus mongolica, Q. variabilis, Q. serrata, Q. dentata, Q. aliena, and Q. acutissima), which are the dominant tree species in Korea forest ecosystems. Seeds were sown in climate change treatments, with temperatures higher than those of the control (approximately 3.0°C higher), and CO2 concentrations higher than those of the control (approximately 2-fold higher). Initial growth in each species was measured every two weeks. Initial growth was more rapid in all oak species at the time of root and shoot emergence under high temperature and CO2 treatments than in the control group. Leaf emergence in Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, and Q. serrata occurred earlier under the climate change treatments than under the control. Root length increased significantly in Q. mongolica, Q. variabilis, and Q. dentata under the climate change treatments when compared to under the control. However, Q. aliena and Q. serrata exhibited a contrasting trends, and no significant difference was observed between the species and Q. acutissima. Shoot length increased significantly in Q. aliena under climate change treatments when compared to under the control but decreased in Q. aliena. In addition, no significant difference was observed in shoot length among Q. mongolica, Q. dentata, and Q. acutissima. The results showed that climate change treatments facilitated early growth, rapid emergence from the ground, leaf development, and enhanced belowground growth in Q. mongolica. Conversely, Q. aliena exhibited the lowest aboveground and belowground growth under climate change treatments when compared to other oak species. Climate change treatments had the least impact on Q. acutissima considering the insignificant differences observed in initial growth rates under climate change treatment.

Base on the survey and financial statement on fish-paste processing company, this study aimed to estimate management efficiencies of fish-paste processing management using a data envelopment-analysis (DEA), In-depth interview and to find out their determinants. Model results show that the estimated mean management efficiencies obtained for the VRS and CRS DEA are 83.7% and 89.1%. In-depth interview results also show that efficiencies caused by scale of technical matter was greater than efficiencies caused by the scale of the company. Thus it implies that technical development is essential for achieving high-efficiency of fish-paste processing company more than expanding the size of company.

본 연구는 남해안에 분포하는 양호한 산림 식생의 복원과 관리뿐만 아니라 장기적인 측면에서 기후변화에 따른 변화 경향을 파악하고자 가라산과 노자산 서사면에 분포하는 식생의 식물군집구조 특성을 조사․분석하였다. 86개 조사구를 대상으 로 군락을 분류한 결과, 저지대를 중심으로 분포하는 곰솔-굴피나무군락, 곰솔-소나무군락, 계곡부 및 전석지대를 중심으로 출현하는 개서어나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 때죽나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 고로쇠나무-낙엽활엽수군락, 낙엽활엽수군락, 느티나무군락, 상대적으로 해발고가 높고 급경사 사면에 분포하는 졸참나무군락, 졸참나무-때죽나무군락, 때죽나무-소사나무군락, 참회나 무군락으로 유형화되었다. 천이경향상 상록침엽수는 낙엽활엽수로의 천이가 진행될 것이나 수령이 약 50년인 개서어나무, 느티나무, 고로쇠나무 등 낙엽활엽교목림은 층위구조가 발달되었을 뿐만 아니라 생태적으로 안정되어 현재의 상태를 유지할 것으로 판단되었다. 환경요인으로는 표고, pH, 점토와 실트의 함량, Mg++, Ca++ 등이 식물 군락 분포에 직간접적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

This study was developed to recognize the occurrence of 250[m] of experimental distance, rain and nighttime as an educational and training device without any safety accidents by applying algorithms to optical filters and noise filters to be used in all weather environments and closest to actual shooting training using IR Laser. There are live-fire shooting using live ammunition, screen shooting using beam project and screen, MILES using IR Laser and sensor, BB shooting using compressed gas and BB bullet, and painting shooting using CO2 gas and paint bullet. Among them, the actual shooting training is not efficient in terms of management and operation because it requires considerable risk factors and large costs in preparation for the highest efficiency. Therefore, training that replaces these problems is needed, and various alternative shooting training is being implemented. Therefore, research and development was conducted to solve these problems by using it as one of efficient shooting training and education systems. This study was conducted to develop high-performance and low-cost precision shooting training equipment to contribute to strengthening the defense of the Republic of Korea.

This study examined the quality characteristics of Makgeolli to investigate the availability of Korean sweet potato cultivars as alcoholic beverages. The following sweet potato varieties were used: Gogunmi, Daeyumi, Shingunmi, Shinyulmi, Shincheonmi, Jinyulmi, Jinhongmi, Jeungmi and Pungwonmi; their alcohol contents ranged from 12.20% to 14.20%, with the lowest value in Makgeolli made with Jeungmi and the highest value in Makgeolli made with Jinhongmi. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was in the range of 37.51~77.02%, with the lowest value in Makgeolli made with rice (control) and the highest value in Makgeolli made with Gogunmi. As a result of analyzing the aroma component of sweet potato Makgeolli, 27 kinds of aroma components were detected, and six kinds of alcohols, 13 kinds of esters, four kinds of acids, and four kinds of other compounds were found. Regarding the number of aroma compounds, Makgeolli made with Shinyulmi showed the lowest number with 14 kinds, while Makgeolli made with Pungwonmi showed the highest number with 27 kinds.

Parosteal osteosarcoma, a subtype of juxtacortical osteosarcoma, has a better prognosis compared to central osteosarcoma with a relatively low risk for recurrence and metastasis. Rarely, it can arise synchronously with other malignant tumors. Synchronous malignancies are defined as the occurrence of a second primary malignancy within 6 months of the appearance of the first malignancy. Here in, we introduce a 64-year-old woman who visited the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University Dental Hospital with a 2 year history of a whitish verrucous lesion on the palate. She presented an exophytic mass on mandible during the following visits. Histopathologic evaluation revealed a synchronous parosteal osteosarcoma and squamous cell on right mandible and a precancerous verrucous leukoplakia on the palate.

Used in the ceramic tile market as a representative building material, relief ceramic tile is showing increased demand recently. Since ceramic tiles are manufactured through a sintering process at over 1,000 oC after uniaxial compression molding by loading granule powders into a mold, it is very important to secure the flowability of granular powders in a mold having a relief pattern. In this study, kaolin, silica, and feldspar are used as starting materials to prepare granule powders by a spray dryer process; the surface of the granule powders is subject to hydrophobic treatment with various concentrations of stearic acid. The effect on the flowability of the granular powder according to the change of stearic acid concentration is confirmed by measuring the angle of repose, tap density, and compressibility, and the occurrence of cracks in the green body produced in the mold with the relief pattern is observed. Then, the green body is sintered by a fast firing process, and the water absorption, flexural strength, and durability are evaluated. The surface treatment of the granule powders with stearic acid improves the flowability of the granule powders, leading to a dense microstructure of the sintered body. Finally, the hydrophobic treatment of the granule powders makes it possible to manufacture relief ceramic tiles having a flexural strength of 292 N/cm, a water absorption of 0.91 %, and excellent mechanical durability

We evaluated the protective effects of cricket methanol extract (CME) on ultra-violet B (UVB)-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. The fibroblast cells were treated with 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL of CME for 24 h, and then exposed to UVB (30 mJ/cm2). CME showed a dose-dependent cytoprotective effect without any observable cytotoxicity. CME reduced UVB-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 34.4, 34.9, 40.6% at concentrations of 10, 50, 100 μg/mL respectively. CME inhibited the release of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 and 3. Furthermore, CME also reduced UVB-induced collagen degradation in the fibroblast cells. Taken together, our data suggests that CME has a significant protective effect on UVB-induced photoaging of the skin. This benefit occurs through multiple mechanisms. The results also suggest a potential role for CME as an ingredient in anti-photoaging cosmetic products in the future.

목적 : 본 고찰연구는 정형외과 노인 케어 모델(orthogeriatric model of care)을 중심으로 정형외과 작 업치료사의 역할을 확인하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2018년 9월부터 11월까지 검색엔진 Google과 논문데이터베이스 CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science에서 정형외과, 관절 치환술 받은 노인 그리고 작업치료 검색어를 조합하여 문헌을 확인하고 영어권 선진국의 관련 가이드라인을 중심으로 작업치료의 역할을 고찰하였다. 결과 : 선진국에서는 정형외과에서 수술 받은 노인을 위한 케어 모델을 정형화하여 정형외과에서 수술한 노인환자의 빠른 회복과 지역사회 복귀를 위해 다학제 팀을 이루어 관련 서비스를 제공하고 잇는 것을 확인하였다. 다학제 팀은 의사, 간호사와 더불어 물리치료사, 작업치료사, 약사, 영양사, 사회복지사로 구성된다. 케어 모델의 효과는 사망률 감소, 수술 후 합병증 예방, 섬망 발생 비율 감소, 중환자실 입원율과 요양원 입소 감소, 빠른 회복, 입원기간 단축, 기능적 회복 증진, 그리고 비용 효과 면에서도 우수하다. 정형외과 노인 케어 모델에서 작업치료는 수술 전 평가 및 교육, 수술 후 섬망 관리, 수술 후 조기 움직임, 관절 주의사항 교육, 낙상 예방, 재활, 퇴원계획, 퇴원 후 관리에 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다. 결론 : 우리나라 정형외과 노인들의 입원기간이 선진국에 비하여 길며 재입원율도 높아 정형외과 노인을 위한 다학제간 접근 한국형 케어 모델이 필요하다. 이를 적용하기 위해서는 정형외과에서 작업치료의 역할이 매우 중요하다. 하지만 우리나라 건강보험수가 현실에서 정형외과 작업치료를 적용하는 것은 어려움이 있다. 커뮤니티 케어를 통해 지역사회 전문보건의 역할이 강조되는 현시점에서 병원과 지역사회를 연계하는 작업치료의 역할이 정형외과에서 꼭 필요하다.