Aging rate of rural area in our country is relatively high compared to that of the urban area. Thus, the introduction of meal service for the elderly residing in the rural area is necessary for their better living quality. Food habit, health and the nutritive intake conditions during the busy farming season were surveyed and comparative analysis of dietary intake for the introduction of meal service in pavilion of the elderly living in Chungnam, Kangwon, Jeonnam and Kyungbuk was performed for basic reference data of meal service introduction to the pavilion of the elderly in rural area. In general subject, the male elderly had a significant difference in marital state and showed that 79.4% was married and 20% was separated by death(P<0.05). In allowance, there were no significant difference but most of them lived with less then three hundred thousand won and especially, female lived with less then one hundred thousand won. In health state, the female elderly showed significant difference on difficulty with every day activity but with small trouble although they had to prepare their own meal(P<0.05). The condition dental health conditions of the female elderly had a significant difference showing bad conditions in following order; Kangwon(48%)>Chungnam(38.1%)>Kyungbuk(22.9%)>Jeonnam(22.5%)(p<0.05). The female elderly showed a significant difference in usage of denture and number of the female elderly without using the denture were very high(p<0.05). In nutrition intake condition, amount of sodium was very high but intakes of fiber and calcium were relatively 1ow(P<0.05). Meal service introduction in the pavilion of the elderly is suggested for the improvement of the life quality of the elderly in rural area. When developing the menu for them, conditions such as shortage of the fiber and calcium in diets, the dental conditions should be considered.

다분야통합해석에 기반한 설계문제는 일반적으로 전체 설계과정에서 매우 큰 계산시간을 요구하며, 이러한 계산시간을 단축하기 위해 병렬처리시스템을 도입하는 것이 필수적이다. 그러나 다분야통합해석에 기존의 병렬처리기법을 적용하기 위해서는 해석에 필요한 모든 CAE 소프트웨어들이 병렬처리시스템의 모든 서버에 설치되어 있어야 하며, 이는 매우 큰 CAE 소프트웨어의 비용을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 가중치 기반 멀티큐 부하분산 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 서버들의 성능과 설치된 CAE 소프트웨어들의 종류가 각기 다른 이종 병렬처리시스템을 고려하였으며 성능검증을 위해 선입선출(First Come First Servre) 알고리즘을 적용한 경우와 비교한 전산실험을 수행하였다.

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of Mt. Nochu (1,322m) from April, 2014 to October, 2015. The vascular plants were summarized as 515 taxa, including 89 families, 304 genera, 448 species, 4 subspecies, 57 varieties and 6 forms. Among the investigated 515 taxa, 11 Korean endemic plants and 14 rare and endangered plants were included. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 11 taxa of grade IV, 30 taxa of grade III. Naturalized plants consisted of 24 taxa that made up 4.6% of the total vascular plants in this area. Medicinal plants of the Korean Pharmacopoeia and Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia distributed in this area consisted of 67 taxa.

콘크리트는 내화재료로서 우수한 성능을 발휘하지만 화재가 지속됨에 따른 재료특성 변화 또는 성능저하의 위험을 갖는다. 이 연 구는 실물모형 철근 콘크리트 (RC) 보를 활용하여 비재하 화재 실험을 수행하여 화재노출 전후의 콘크리트 및 보강철근의 재료특성을 실험적 으로 분석한 연구이다. 화재실험에 사용된 보는 길이 4 m의 RC 보로서 KS F 2257 화재실험 규격에 따라 시험 체를 제작 및 화재실험을 수행하 였다. 화원의 가력은 ISO 834의 표준화재 곡선을 사용하였으며 보 가열부에서의 온도를 계측하고자 하면 및 측면에 열전대를 설치하였다. 실 험결과, 화재에 노출된 화재 코어 공시체의 경우 약 11 MPa로 약 66%의 강도저하가 발생하였다. 화재에 직접 노출된 철근의 경우 노출되지 않 은 철근에 비해 약 17%에 해당하는 75 MPa의 항복강도 저하를 나타낸 것으로 분석되었다. 철근의 경우 콘크리트라는 내화피복에 의하여 보호 되어 약 4시간의 화재 실험에서도 온도는 한계온도의 최댓값인 649°C를 크게 상회하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

This study carried out an investigation about damage characteristic of substructure such as pier and abutment of highway bridge. The applied methodology was the average damage analysis according to service life. By using above methodology, damage characteristic of substructure penetrated water included de-icing salt was investigated. It was found that the area where was under heavy snow exhibited higher amount of average damage than that of the area where was under much less snow.

The present study was undertaken to determine the changes of physicochemical and antioxidant activity using leaf and root in hot air-dried Allium hookeri (HA) and freeze-dried Allium hookeri (FA). The leaf of HA was higher level of moisture and crude fat compared with those of the leaf of FA. The crude fat content in root of HA was higher than that in FA. However, moisture, crude ash, crude protein and carbohydrate did not show any differences between two different drying methods. The organic acid contents of Allium hookeri root including oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, acetic acid showed the differences between hot air-drying and freeze-drying methods. The major minerals were Ca, K and Mg, which were higher level of the leaf of HA compared with those of FA. The leaf of HA showed the highest vitamin C content (801.65 mg/100 g). The content of vitamin E in the leaf of FA was higher than that of HA. The contents of total polyphenol and total flavonoid in the FA leaf were higher than that in HA. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity in leaf of HA (65.73%) was significantly higher than that of FA (57.73%).

This study evaluates heavy metal(Cu and Cr) adsorption characteristics produced from food waste charcoal extracted in an optimal operation condition after analyzing activated charcoal of iodine adsorption and heavy metals that derived from an activation process of carbide by the developed by-products of food waste treatment facility using the methods from previous studies. As experiment apparatus, this study used a tube-shaped high temp furnace. The mixing ratio of by-products of food waste treatment facility, carbide, and activation component(ZnCl2) was 1:1. The experiment was proceeded as adjusting the activation temperature from 400 to 800℃ and activation time from 30 to 120 minutes. The optimal activation condition for iodine absorption was 90 minutes at 700℃ and by using the produced food waste charcoal, this study conducted an experiment on absorption of heavy metals (Cu and Cr) as changing pH of artificial wastewater and stirring time. As a result, pH 7 showed the highest heavy metal decontamination ratio and in terms of stirring time, it revealed balance adsorption after 10 minutes. This result can be particularly applied as basic data for recyclability of high concentration organic waste, by-products of food waste treatment facility, as an food waste charcoal.

본 연구는 능경봉(평창군, 강릉시)지역에 대하여 2008년 8월 과 2013년 4월부터 동년 10월까지 총 7회에 걸쳐 관속식물 분포 를 조사하였다. 전체 조사된 분류군은 75과 261속 383종 4아종 48변종 5품종으로 총 440분류군이 자생하는 것으로 확인되었 다. 주요 식물로 한국특산식물이 15분류군, 산림청지정 희귀식 물 중 약관심종이 11분류군, 환경부 지정 식물구계학적 특정식 물 중 4등급이 11분류군, 3등급이 22분류군으로 확인되었다. 귀 화식물은 총 29분류군으로서 귀화율은 6.6%, 도시화지수 9.0% 로 나타났다. 그밖에 대한약전 및 대한약전외한약(생약)규격집 에 수재된 약용식물은 60분류군으로 조사되었다.

This study intends to suggest a methodology of normalization of inspected highway bridges damage. The noticeable point is to normalize the amount of the inspected accumulated damage on bridges according to a normalizing scale. The normalized damages represent such a characteristics of the bridges. With the normalized damage data, a future maintenance cost can be estimated that can be applicable for determining long-term maintenance strategy.

This study investigated the flexural performance of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC), which used high strength steel fibers with volume fraction 8%. Under the third-point loading using a closed-loop, servo-controlled testing system (ASTM 1609), load-deflection curves were obtained. The major test variables include silica fume replacement ratio 15% and exposure termperature, ambient and 400°C. The flexural strength was similar to the compressive strength and the absorbed fracture energy was relatively greater than other typical HPFRCC materials. This may be a composite reaction of the strong bonding between steel fiber and matrix and high compressive strength of the matrix itself. Once the specimens were exposed to high temperature 400°C the flexural strength decreased.

The highway bridges required the maintenance have been consistently increased over 8,000. For long term maintenance strategy, it should be focused on utilizing the systemic information from in-depth inspection data. From now, record-based inspection for highway bridges has been usually performed so that it is needed to investigate the in-depth inspection data for identifying the damage characteristics in detail. In this study, with respective to the performance measure of damage characteristic, damage normalization of highway bridges is researched by using the suggested bridge scales such as area, length, vertical distance, number of members. Based on this process, the standard cost for various damages for highway bridges can be estimated and utilized for long-term maintenance strategy.

This study introduces the role of level of service in the asset management for social infrastructures. An overall process to determine the level of service and performance measures were also described. The developed process was applied for actual road infrastructures, pavements, bridges and tunnels and the results were shown briefly.

The needs for consistent maintenance for highway bridge has been increased in nowadays. This study is to investigate fundamental database about in-depth inspection for publishing the repair and strengthening methodology. It is because the maintenance budget should be used effectively for optimal maintenance of infrastructures. In order to investigate the maintenance history of highway bridges, the database of in-depth inspection from 1996 to 2012 was analyzed. For the superstructure type, PSC box girder bridge which was the most common among the concrete bridges in the inspection database was investigated.

본 연구에서는 혐기성 소화조에서 발생하는 이산화탄소를 충전탑으로 유입하여 MEA, DEA 및 AMP의 화학적 흡수제의 농도변화에 따른 이산화탄소 제거 효율을 검토하여 혐기성 소화조 내에 적용 가능성을 판단하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 실험에 사용된 충전탑은 유리제 Raschig Ring 6×6 mm를 충전한 직경 50 mm, 충전 높이 1.40 m를 사용하였으며, 액체부하는 20 ℓ/hr, 가스부하는 130 ℓ/hr로 고정하여 CO2의 농도를 10%, 20%, 30%로 주입하였을 때 MEA 10% 및 20%에서와 AMP 10의 CO2 제거율을 관찰하였다. 또한 Packed Tower의 지름은 0.288 m, 충전층의 높이는 1 m이며, 실험시스템은 Air, Air/Water 및 Air-CO2/MEA 흡수제로 하였다. 실험결과에 대한 평가는 계산 프로그램을 통하여 추출하였으며, 분리작용 HTUov, 통과단위수 NTUov, 그리고 정확한 농도계산은 측정을 통하여, 가스 그리고 액체부하를 변화시킴으로써 측정범위를 파악하였다. 실험 결과, MEA의 경우 흡수액 농도, 유입 CO2 농도가 높을수록 빠른 파과시간을 가짐을 알 수 있었고, MEA 10%, DEA 10%, AMP 10% 농도에서의 흡수속도는 MEA, DEA, AMP의 순으로 나타났으며, 흡수부하는 AMP, DEA, MEA의 순으로 나타났다. 그리고 흡수액의 모든 혼합비 및 온도 조건에서 MEA의 첨가량이 높아질수록 CO2의 흡수효율이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실험결과를 바탕으로 혐기성 소화조에 적용할 CO2 흡수 충전탑 내의 흡수액은 MEA을 적용할 경우 가장 높은 효율을 가지는 것으로 판단되었다.