The objective of this study was to develop a standard for setting a legal system for senior-friendly food. We conducted a web-based survey on 95 food industry workers. Answers to 10 questions in the survey were analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Important factors to consider when it comes to food for seniors are the supply of balanced nutrition, enhancement of functionality, and promotion of convenience. A total of 47 respondents (51.1%) felt the need for a legal system for senior food, and they thought that a certification for senior-friendly food would be advantageous for companies. They said that there should be texture standards to promote ease of chewing, standards for functionality, nutritional standards, and safety standards to certify senior-friendly foods. A total of 41 people (44.6%) said that it was reasonable to classify Japanese food into five levels of senior-friendly foods according to ease of chewing. Certification management received the highest score in implementing an activation plan for senior-friendly food.

동남아시아에 발생하던 등검은말벌은 최근 국내 뿐만 아니라 프랑스와 일본, 유럽 전역으로 확산되어 전 세계 양봉 산업에 극심한 피해를 주고 있다. 등검은말벌을 방제하기 위해 다양한 방제 방법들이 연구되고 있으며, 그 중 말벌 유인제에 대해 국제적으로 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔으나 이 역시 지속적인 개발이 필요한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 시판 유인제와 최근 (주)다목에코텍에서 새롭게 개발한 신규 개발 유인제에 대한 효능 검정을 수행하였 고 양봉장에 출현하는 국내 발생 말벌속의 발생양상을 조사하였다. 담양 1개소와 곡성 2개소에 기존 유인제과 신규 유인제를 장착한 포획기를 각 3쌍씩 설치하여 2016년 9월부터 11월말까지 주 1~2회 관찰하였다. 그 결과 국내 발생 말벌속 중 등검은말벌(7,787 개체)이 가장 많이 포획되었고, 다음으로 장수말벌, 말벌, 좀말벌, 꼬마장수말벌, 털보말벌 순으로 포획되었다. 두 유인제의 포획력 검정 결과, 신규 개발 유인제가 통계적으로 유의하게(P < 0.01) 등검은말벌 포획력이 높음을 보였다.

벼메뚜기의 인공사료 개발을 위하여 일본의 Konno식 먹이를 대조구로 하고, 28개의 배합비율별 인공사료를 제작하여 급이시험을 하였다. 시험결과, Konno식 보다 6주 후 1마리당 체중은 22개 처리에서 높았고 우화성공율은 23개 처리에서 높았다. 폐사율은 부화입식 후 45일까지 Konno식 대비 24개 처리에서 높았다. 1마리당 체중, 우화성공율, 폐사율을 종합해 볼 때 탄수화물원으로는 옥수수 건조잎 분말 또는 통밀가루와 단백질원으로는 2~5%의 탈지대두분 또는 어분의 배합비율이 벼메뚜기의 인공사료로서 가능성이 높았다.

Functional foods for health are often consumed among adolescents. To investigate functional food usage, this study surveyed 326 students aged 14-16. 56.3% of the subjects answered that they were interested in health. More than 76% of the subjects thought themselves to be very healthy. Users of functional foods made up 56.7%, and among all types of functional food, probiotic supplements were taken most frequently, followed by nutritional supplements>red ginseng products>enzyme containing products. Most users of functional food got the information on functional food through family (71.3%). 50.3% of users experienced the effectiveness of the functional food when they supplemented. After use, repurchase intent was 58.1%. In order to investigate the relationship between academic stress and functional food usage, groups were classified as stressful (n=124), intermediate (n=122), and low stress (n=84) according to self-perception about stress. There was no significant difference in the intake of functional foods according to academic stress. However, in the intermediate stress group, academic stress index was improved in the users of functional foods. In conclusion, the results of this study can be used to develop functional foods in the future, possibly helping to prepare nutrition education materials, reducing academic stress among adolescents with middle stress.

This study was aimed to evaluate the dose-response the effects of nano-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acids(CLAs) on in vitro ruminal fermentation profiles. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. Nano-encapsulated CLAs(LF, 5% of nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA; HF, 10% of nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA; LT, 5% of nano-encapsulated CLA-TG; HT, 10% of nano-encapsulated CLA-TG) were added to the in vitro ruminal fermentation experiment. In the in vitro ruminal incubation test, the total gas production on incubation with nano-encapsulated CLAs was increased significantly according to the incubation time, compared with the control(p<0.05). The tVFA concentrations on addition of LF and HT were significantly higher than that of the control(p<0.05). Thus, nano-encapsulated CLAs might improve the ruminal fermentation characteristics without adverse effects on the incubation process. In addition, the population of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens which is closely related to ruminal biohydrogenation was increased by adding HT, while decreased by adding LF at 12 h incubation. These results showed that nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA could be applied to enhance CLA levels in ruminants by maintaining the stability of CLA without causing adverse effects on ruminal fermentation profiles considering the optimal dosage.

To determine the medicinal properties of Pleurotus cornucopiae and Safflower Oil (PS), the osteoblast effect was investigated. PS can prevent estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss. It was taken the measurements of biochemical factors such as serum osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, IGF-1, and bone status. Forty adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups for 12 weeks of treatment: (1) sham operation (SHAM) + vehicle; (2) ovariectomy (OVX) + vehicle; (3) OVX + 17β-estradiol (25 μg/kg); (4) OVX + PS (300 mg/kg/d, PO). At the end of the experiment, bone turnover, and trabecular microarchitecture were assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and histopathology, respectively. Ovariectomized rats experienced remarkable increases in global volumetric bone density, and trabecular microarchitecture deterioration. These OVX-induced pathological changes are reversible in that most of them could be mostly corrected upon 17β-estradiol treatment. PNS treatment significantly prevented bone mass loss and microarchitecture deterioration. Moreover, PS enhanced osteoblast activity but suppressed osteoclast turnover, as evidenced by decreased levels of serum C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase. PS mitigates estrogen deficiency-induced deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture.

The purpose of this study was to find efficient and customized tools for delivering the benefit of health functional foods (HFFs). Delivery tools which could influence the impact of advertising were images, explanations of ingredients, diagrams of health benefit, patents, and comments from authority. Six advertisements were developed using these tools: “A”: relevant image + explanation of ingredients + scientific diagram of efficacy; “B”: relevant image + explanation of ingredients; “C”: relevant image; “D”: irrelevant image; “E”: irrelevant image + explanation of ingredient + patent; “F”: irrelevant image + explanation of ingredient + comments from authority. To analyze the consumer perceptions on HFFs and advertisement effects, 300 respondents were requested to answer a questionnaire comprising of the following questions: 5 questions of attitudes (necessity of HFFs, trust in HFFs, gathering information, watching advertisements and trust in advertisement claims) and 6 questions on the 6 developed advertisements (attention, understanding, sufficiency of information, sympathy, trust, and purchase). Scoring was done as per the 5 Likert scale. There was a higher proportion of females and the elderly, as compared to males and youngsters. The overall consumer attitudes were positive. Explanation of ingredients, scientific diagram of health benefit, patents and expert comments were helpful factors in increasing the advertisement evaluation by consumer, but the images were not. Advertisement evaluation of consumer did not differ with gender and age. However, differences were observed between some of the consumer attitudes (necessity of HFFs, trust in HFFs, gathering information and trust in advertisements claim) and advertisement evaluations (attention, understanding, sympathy and purchase). Our results indicate that for consumers utilizing the HFFs, advertisements with concrete tools such as diagrams, patent, and expert comments are more helpful. However, for consumers who do not have interest in HFFs, the scientific information was irrelevant. We believe that to maximize the effect of health information in advertisements, consumers should be segmented, and customized tools for each segment needs to be developed.

The spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an economically damaging pest that feeds on most thin-skinned fruits. In this study, we sequenced portions of the mitochondrial (mt) COI and ND4 genes from a total of 195 individuals collected mainly from Korea. A total of 139 haplotypes were obtained from the concatenated COI and ND4 sequences. A dataset combining GenBank sequences with our own data identified a total of 94 worldwide COI haplotypes with a maximum sequence divergence of 5.433% (32 bp). A rough estimate of genetic diversity in each country showed higher diversity in ancestral distributional ranges, but the invasion over Asian countries seems to have been substantial because haplotype diversity was only 2.35-3.97-fold lower in the USA, Canada, and Italy than that in the populations ancestral ranges.

본 연구는 식품위생교육을 이수하는 국내 떡류 영업자를 대상으로 설문조사를 통하여 우리나라 떡류 영업의 특성을 파악하고 온라인 및 오프라인 식품위생교육에 대한 인식도의 차이를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 떡류 영업자 연령대는 50대(40.1%), 학력은 고졸(52.6%), 종사기간은 10년~20년(34.3%)이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 영업 및 영업장 관련 종사인원은 2명(79.5%), 면적은 99.17 m² 이하(92.0%), 점유 형태로 임차 사업장(60.2%), 사업장에 대한월 임차 금액 100만 원 이하(54.8%)를 대부분 지불하고있으며, 영업장 안전사고 발생은 3년간 228건(연평균 2.4%),제조·가공 품목수는 20가지 이하(86.7%)로 분석되었다. 식품위생교육 채널별 인식도에서 영업자는 여성, 연령대가 낮을수록, 학력이 높을수록 온라인 교육을 선호하였고, 온라인 교육 선택 이유로 ‘시간적ㆍ경제적ㆍ편리성’(73.7%)가 나타났으며 온라인 이수자는 위생교육이 영업에 더 도움 된다고 인식하였다. 매출액은 온ㆍ오프라인 이수자 간의 유의적 차이가 없었고 위생적 관리에 대해서는 온라인이수자가 오프라인 이수자보다 7.4% 높게 잘 하고 있다고 답변하였다. 이전의 교육기관의 교육 대비 떡류 영업자만을 위한 교육은 온·오프라인 이수자 모두 60.7% 정도 더 만족하는 것으로 분석되었다.

Hippo signaling is one of the signal transduction pathways revealed in Drosophila and mammalian. This signaling is known to control proliferation and growth of normal cells or cancer cells, in which many signaling proteins form a network. In this network, tumor suppressor kinases include MST and LATS while YAP and TAZ exist as oncoproteins. Combined with transcription factor, YAP the oncoprotien starts to secrete growth factors such as CTGF, FGF, and Cry61 regulating the growth of cells or the organ sizes. The YAP is also associated with the development of early embryo and the regeneration of the skin wound as well as abnormal growth of cancers in case of over-expression. Although many previous studies have found various tumors with YAP over-expressed, the expression of YAP is not yet clearly identified in oral cancer. The aim of this study was to check the expression level of YAP in oral squamous cell carcinoma. So we performed PCR and Western blot to check YAP expression in mRNA and protein level respectively. In result, all of the 13 cell lines examined has presented the expression of YAP, and especially in HSC2 and KOSCC11 cell lines has been observed the remarkable level of expression. In conclusion, we confirmed the overexpression of YAP cell line in oral squamous cell carcinoma, it will be a great help to the study carried out in the future. Once you understand the mechanism of oncoprotien YAP in oral cancer cells, it seems possible to research and development of targeted tumor therapy agents in oral cancer.

This study was conducted to assess the environmental risk of CMV resistant GM pepper and to evaluate the effects of the transgenic pepper (Line: H15) with CMV resistant gene and non-transgenic peppers (Line: P2377, PM Singang, Berota) without gene introduction on the insect community in the three pepper cultivation areas. Sampling was conducted using yellow sticky traps in Deokso, Anseong and Ochang fields, respectively. The total number of insect individuals caught by sticky trap was not shown significant differences between GM and non-GM pepper at Deokso, Anseong and Ochang fields, respectively. Also, there were no significant differences in density of aphids caught on sticky traps between GM and non-GM pepper, and the species richness and species diversity was no statistical difference between the types of crops, GM and non-GM at three experimental pepper fields.

메밀 속성 장 프리믹스의 최적 조건을 확립하고자 품질특 성을 조사하였다. 소금량(8, 10, 12%)에 따른 품질특성 결과, 대장균 군수는 소금량 10, 12%(21일), 8%(28일) 이후로 검출 되지 않았으며, B. subtilis HJ18-4를 starter로 첨가한 군은 발 효 7일부터 검출되지 않았다. 아미노태 질소 함량은 21일까 지 급격히 증가하였으며, 그 후로 완만히 증가하였다. 그 결 과, 소금 함량 10%, starter 첨가 시 보다 안전한 발효가 이루어 졌다. 가수량(1:1, 1:1.5. 1:1.8)의 따른 품질특성 결과, 총균수 와 아미노태 질소 함량은 가수량이 적을수록 높았으며, 1:1 혼 합(35일)일 때 아미노태 질소 함량은 169.5 ㎎%로 가장 높았 고, 발효 28일 이후 대장균 군이 검출되지 않았다. 용기별(항 아리, 유리, 플라스틱)의 품질특성 결과, 총균수와 아미노태 질 소 함량은 유리 용기 대비 플라스틱과 항아리 용기가 높았으 며, 대장균군도 보다 빨리 감소하였다. Batch size(1.25 ㎏, 2.5 ㎏)를 달리하여 제조된 메밀 속성 장의 품질특성 결과, 총균수와 아미노태 질소 함량은 batch size에 따른 큰 차이가 없었으 며, 대장균 군 측정 결과, 14일째 2.5 ㎏(3.00×102 CFU/g), 1.25 g (1.25×103 CFU/g)으로 나타났다. 메밀 속성 장 프리믹스의 최적 조건은 가수량 1:1, 소금의 양 10%, B. subtilis HJ-18-4를 starter로 첨가, 항아리 및 플라스틱 용기는 3주, 유리 용기는 4주 발효시키는 것이 바람직하였다.

In this study, we analyzed the database for items reported to Korea Food and Drug Administration as for manufactured health/functional food during 2010. There were 183 health functional food products manufactured in domestic having over 2 functional ingredients (hereinafter, combinational health functional food) among total 7319 products. Among 183 products, there were 177 products having over two kinds of functional ingredient and 6 products were over 3 ingredients. The most commonly used functional ingredients in the combinational health functional food were Garcinia cambogia extracts which were used in 41 products, Octacosanol and Saw Palmetto extract. When we searched the safety information for the pair of ingredients used in combinational health functional food using several database, there were no reports for safety concern. However, as there are still safety concerns when intake various functional ingredients at once, we suggested to enforce the reporting system of adverse event in order to strength safety management of health functional food. With these complement, the safety management of health functional food might be achieved including a combinational products.