The effect of the surrounding vegetation on the seed germination and growth of mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) was investigated. Seed germination rate and growth were tested for allelopathy effects on four forest tree species after treatment with fallen leaves and leaf extracts. In the case of soil treatment through fallen leaves and crushed leaves, the germination rate was lower in the Quercus myrsinifolia treatments, and the average germination time was slower when Chamaecyparis obtusa was treated. In the case of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis, which are used in most of the MCG cultivation areas, they did not have a significant effect on seed germination. In the fallen leaves treatments, the stem showed a tendency to lengthen. The hot water extract treatment showed a higher germination percentage than the cold water extract treatment. The extract treatment showed a deficient germination percentage of some MCG seeds. However, in the case of the treatments except for this, the germination percentage was similar to that of the control treatment. However, the Mean Germination Time, germination rate, and germination value were faster and higher than the control treatment. As a result of calculating the allelopathic index (AI) of MCG according to the extract treatment of 4 species, most had a negative effect on germination, and P. densiflora and Q. variabilis extracts showed the most significant effect. The ginsenoside content was higher in the fallen leaves treatment than in the control. The above results will help select and manage MCG plantations.

Laser scabbling has the potential to be a valuable technique capable of effectively decontaminating highly radioactive concrete surface at nuclear decommissioning sites. Laser scabbling tool using an optical fiber has a merits of remote operation at a long range, which provides further safety for workers at nuclear decommissioning sites. Furthermore, there is no reaction force and low secondary waste generation, which reduces waste disposal costs. In this study, an integrated decontamination system with laser scabbling tool was employed to test the removal performance of the concrete surface. The integrated decontamination system consisted of a fiber laser, remote controllable mobile cart, and a debris collector device. The mobile cart controlled the translation speed and position of the optical head coupled with 20 m long process fiber. A 5 kW high-powered laser beam emitted from the optical head impacted the concrete block with dimensions of 300 mm × 300 mm × 80 mm to induce explosive spalling on its surface. The concrete debris generated from the spalling process were collected along the flexible tube connected with collector device. We used a three-dimensional scanner device to measure the removed volume and depth profile.

Laser scabbling experiments were conducted with the aim of developing concrete decontamination technology. Laser scabbling system contains a 6 kW fiber laser (IPG YLS-6000, λ=1,070 nm) and optical head, which are connected with process fiber (core dia.: 600 μm, length: 20 m). Optical head consists of two lenses (f = 160 mm and 100 mm) to collimate and focus laser beam. The focused laser beam is passed through the small diameter of nozzle (throat dia.: 3 mm) to prevent the laser-produced debris into head. And then, the focused beam is directed toward concrete block as continuously diverging. The diverged laser beam was incident on the high-strength concrete with 300 mm (length) × 300 mm (height) × 80 mm (width) to induce explosive spalling on the concrete surface. The optical head was moved by X-Y-Z manipulate coupled with a computerized numerical control while scabbling. We have observed not only active spalling on the concrete surface but energetic scattering of laserproduced debris when scabbling on high-strength concretes. It indicates the need for a device capable of collecting the laser-produced debris. We newly designed and manufactured dust collector coupled with cylindrical tube to prevent scattering of laser-produced debris into ambient environment. The collecting system was evaluated by estimating the collecting efficiency for laser-produced debris while scabbling. The collecting efficiency was calculated on the basis of the information on the mass loss of concrete block after laser scabbling and the mass of collected debris in a container. The collecting efficiency was found to be over 85%.

The present study aimed to analyze the metaproteome of the microbial community comprising harmful algal bloom (HAB) in the Daechung reservoir, Korea. HAB samples located at GPS coordinates of 36°29’N latitude and 127°28’E longitude were harvested in October 2013. Microscopic observation of the HAB samples revealed red signals that were presumably caused by the autofluorescence of chlorophyll and phycocyanin in viable cyanobacteria. Metaproteomic analysis was performed by a gelbased shotgun proteomic method. Protein identification was conducted through a two-step analysis including a forward search strategy (FSS) (random search with the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Cyanobase, and Phytozome), and a subsequent reverse search strategy (RSS) (additional Cyanobase search with a decoy database). The total number of proteins identified by the two-step analysis (FSS and RSS) was 1.8-fold higher than that by one-step analysis (FSS only). A total of 194 proteins were assigned to 12 cyanobacterial species (99 mol%) and one green algae species (1 mol%). Among the species identified, the toxic microcystin-producing Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843 (62.3%) species was the most dominant. The largest functional category was proteins belonging to the energy category (39%), followed by metabolism (15%), and translation (12%). This study will be a good reference for monitoring ecological variations at the meta-protein level of aquatic microalgae for understanding HAB.

‘Big Bang’ 품종은 꽃이 크고 생육이 왕성하며 엽소 및 잎 마름병에 강한 백합 신품종을 육성하기 위하여 2010년 충남농 업기술원 태안백합시험장에서 교배한 OT(Oriental hybrid × Trumpet hybrid) 백합의 종간교잡종이다. 모본으로는 노랑색의 OT백합 ‘Biarits’ 품종을, 부본으로는 백색의 오리엔탈백합 ‘O11-149’ 계통을 화주절단수분법에 의해 교배한 후 2010년부터 2013년까지 기내 종자배양 및 증식 육묘하여 2014년 우수 계통(OT14-6)을 1차 선발하였다. 2016년부터 2018년도에 걸쳐 ‘Nymph’ 품종을 대조품종으로 하여 일반재배를 통한 특성 검정을 실시하였으며, 2016년 화훼연구소 백합 육성계통 평가 회에서 우수계통으로 선발되어 ‘Big Bang’로 명명한 후 충청 남도와 농촌진흥청 농작물직무육성 신품종선정위원회 심의를 거쳐 국립종자원에 품종보호출원 하였다. ‘Big Bang’ 품종의 자연개화는 중부지역에서 6월 16일로 ‘Nymph’ 품종과 비슷하였고 초장은 155.3cm이었다. 적색 반점에 복색(백색+적색)의 화색과 사발화형의 꽃모양을 나타내었다. 재배에 있어서는 진딧물과 잎마름병 등의 병해충 방제를 주기적으로 실시하고, 영양분 관리 등 일반적인 재배관리를 통해 안정적인 구근생산 및 고품질 절화가 가능하다.

Pilomatricoma is the second most common benign dermal-subcutaneous tumor of the head and neck region, after epidermoid cyst, originating from the outer sheath cells of the hair follicle. It can be easily treated with surgical excision. However, it is a relatively unknown skin lesion to maxillofacial surgeons. Therefore, we report a case of pilomatricoma occuring inferolateral area of the parotid gland in a 54-year-old man; with a review of the relevant literature.

우리는 심각한 열스트레스 및 서로 다른 사료 에너지 급여가 사료 소화율 변화에 미치는 영향과 심각 한 열스트레스 조건에서 유지를 위한 에너지 요구량을 설정하기 위해 한우 육성기 거세우 4두(평균체중 200±11.7kg)를 이용하였다. 사료 처리는 서로 다른 에너지 공급을 위해 4 시험구(TDN 기준, 쾌적한 상태 하에서 한국사양표준 한우 육성우 에너지 요구량의 100%(대조구), 심각한 열스트레스 하에서 에너 지 100%(E100), 115%(E115), 130%(E130)로 나누어 4×4 라틴 방각법으로 수행하였다. 온도 및 습도에 노출한 열스트레스 조건을 위해 대조구는 쾌적한 온습도지수(THI)=71.5, 나머지 3개 처리구는 THI=81.4로 심각한 스트레스 수준으로 설정하였다. 심각한 열스트레스는 진정 건물소화율을 유의적으 로(p<0.05) 감소시켰으며(대조구 81.5 vs E100 79.1, E115 77.0 및 E130 76.0%), 사료에너지 공급 수 준의 증가는 건물소화율의 감소를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. 심각한 열스트레스 및 서로 다른 사료 에 너지 급여 수준은 혈중 생리대사물질 함량 및 체온 변화에 유의적인 영향을 미치진 않았다(p>0.05). 본 연구를 통해 심각한 열스트레스 하에서 육성기 한우거세우의 유지를 위한 에너지 요구량은 Y=0.235X+115.03과 같은 산정식으로 계산될 수 있으며, 이러한 결과는 육성기 한우거세우에게 열스트 레스 하에서 체중변화없는 유지 에너지 요구량을 만족시키기 위해서는 현재 한국사양표준 대비, 사료 에너지 15.03%를 더 공급해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Mucormycosis generally presents as an acute infection manifesting in rhinocerebral, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cutaneous, or disseminated forms. Fungal invasion to the arteries can reduce blood supply by thrombi formation inside the blood vessels, leading to necrosis. Fungal infection usually initiates in the upper turbinate, paranasal sinus, or less commonly in the palate or pharynx. Here we report an unusual case of mucormycosis in the maxilla of a 75-year-old man and present a review of the literature.

Sirtuin proteins are evolutionary conserved Sir2-related NAD+-dependent deacetylases and regulate many of cellular processes such as metabolism, inflammation, transcription, and aging. Sirtuin contains activity of either ADP-ribosyl-transferase or deacetyltranfease and their activity is dependent on the localization in cells. However, the expression pattern of Sirtuins has not been well studied. To examine the expression levels of Sirtuins, RT-PCR was performed using total RNAs from various tissues including liver, small intestine, heart, brain, kidney, lung, spleen, stomach, uterus, ovary, and testis. Sirtuins were highly expressed in most of tissues including the testis. Immunostaining assay showed that Sirt1 and Sirt6 were mainly located in the nucleus of germ cells, spermatocytes, and spermatids in the seminiferous tubules, whereas Sirt2 and Sirt5 were exclusively present in the cytoplasm of germ cells and sperma-tocytes. Our results indicate that Sirtuins may function as regulators of spermatogenesis and their activities might be dependent on their location in the seminiferous tubules.

본 연구는 국내에서 생산된 주요 동계 사료작물인 청보리 및 청호밀 사일리지를 이용하여 거세 한우의 비육후기(25~30개월 령) 용으로 조제된 TMR의 소 체내 이용성을배합사료 및 볏짚으로 구성된 관행 사료와 비교하고자 반추위 누관이 장착된 소 3두를 이용하여 3 × 3 Latin squaredesign 방법으로 실시되었다. 시험동물에는 비육 후기용 배합사료 및 볏짚을 분리 급여하였거나 (대조구) 청보리 사일리지 TMR (BS-TMR) 또는 청호밀 사일리지 TMR (RSTMR)을 급여하였다. 전체 채취시간에 걸쳐 반추위액의pH, 암모니아 농도 및 총 휘발성지방산 농도는 시험사료간 차이가 없었다. Acetate (C2)의 조성 비율은 사료 급여후 1시간에서 청보리 사일리지를 섭취한 처리구 (BS-TMR)에서 낮은 (p<0.033) 값을 제외하고는 대부분의 채취시간에서 시험사료 간 차이가 없었다. Propionate (C3) 및 butyrate조성비율과 C2/C3 비율 역시 모든 채취시간에서 시험사료간 차이가 없었다. 사료 내 주요 성분의 반추위 유효분해율과 전장소화율은 전체 시험사료 간은 물론 BS-TMR과RS-TMR 간에도 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 대사시험 결과로 미루어보아 청보리 및 청호밀로 제조된 TMR의급여 가치가 배합사료 및 볏짚의 분리급여와 차이가 없는것으로 여겨진다.

Vital pulpotomy is a very useful method for disarming of canine tooth, tooth fracture, periodontitis, and malocclusion in veterinary dentistry. Calcium hydroxide is the material commonly used as a liner during vital pulpotomy. This creates a mineralized barrier by stimulating osteoblastic hard tissue repair, arrests the inflammatory response, and soothes dentin. However, the powder or mix type calcium hydroxide materials have many disadvantages due to complicated procedures for use and are hard to handle when vital pulpotomy is followed under general anesthesia in animals. This study was conducted in order to compare the effect of mix and premixed paste type calcium hydroxide as a liner in vital pulpotomy. Six beagle dogs underwent hemisection on the mesial root of the mandibular first molar and vital pulpotomy on the distal root of the first molar. On the distal root of the left and right mandibular first molar, mix type (DYCAL®, Dentsply, USA) and premixed paste type calcium hydroxide (VITAPEX®, Morita, Japan) were used as liners, respectively. Radiological evaluation was performed at immediate, 4, 12, and 20 weeks after vital pulpotomy. According to the results, all teeth had well-formed dentinal bridges, and there were no periradicular lucency, lamina dura loss, or anomalies of the pulp cavity. According to these results, on vital pulpotomy in animals, premixed paste type calcium hydroxide was easy to handle and decreased the anesthesia period due to a more convenient application procedure. A further study of many clinical cases is needed for evaluation of side effects and other problems.

최근 국내에서는 기후변화가 용수공급에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가한 사례가 많지 않으며 이와 관련된 다양한 정보를 제공하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 미래의 안정적인 용수공급을 위해 미래 다양한 상황에 대한 분석을 통한 수자원 계획이 절실하다. 본 연구에서는 낙동강 유역을 대상으로 미래 다양한 상황을 시나리오로 구성하고 각 시나리오 경로에 대한 물 수급 전망을 통해 용수공급의 안정성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 통해 용수공급의 어려움을 겪을 것으로 예상되는 물 공급 취약지역을 선정하여 제시하였으며 지역별, 용도별 물 부족 시나리오를 전망하였다. 또한 용수공급시설물의 최적연계 운영을 통해 용수공급 능력 증대 효과도 분석하여 제시하였다. 향후 낙동강 유역에는 기후변화 등으로 인해 용수공급의 어려움이 예상됨에 따라 이를 완화 또는 해소하기 위해서 보다 다양한 대책 마련이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

Background : The purpose of this study was to big strong and root in the disease, many high quality seed of Lithospermum erythrorhizon selection by fostering, expanding the spread on a farm and Hongju subsistence production base and raw materials medicines of sources deployment for process is to contribute to increasing farm income. Methods and Results : Collected variety into the chemical mutation breeding method, Jecheon of Chungbuk, was conducted in 2001. In 2002 and 2003, two～ three individual selection in 2005 as it produces the 24 individual in 2004. From 2006 to 2010, pure line isolation as it cultivated and one foundation group. Promising in 2011, select one system. Replicated yield trial for two years beginning in 2012 a result of the stem length, providing high -quality “No. 1, Jeollanam-do” majority by assigning system name. Naju, Jangheung-gun, local excellence by implementing a local adaptability test recognized in two years. To breed a new variety named as a dwelling “ Daehong” of Lithospermum erythrorhizon the review by fostering december 2014 to be registered. Conclusions : Leaf type is the broad lancet, flowering time is new variety six days than Jecheon native variety fasted. New variety of stem length and stem thickness are check variety (87cm, 8.25mm) of 9cm tall and 0.6mm thick. Seed yields has native variety as much as 81 % compared to the many into 45.6 kg/10a. The shikonin contents of roots was 1.3 times higher compared to check variety (447 ㎍ / g). The dried root yields of the new variety are 221kg/10a a many native variety than 50%.

Gene expressions of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and vitellogenin (Vg) by endocrine disruptors, benzo[]pyrene (B[a]P) and tributyltin (TBT) were examined in cultured eel hepatocytes which were isolated from eels treated previously with B[a]P (10 mg/kg) or estradiol- (20 mg/kg) in vivo, and the relationship between CYP1A, AhR and Vg genes were studied. When the cultured eel hepatocytes were treated with B[a]P () the gene expressions of CYP1A and AhR were enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner. However, when treated with TBT () the gene expressions of CYP1A and AhR were suppressed at high concentrations (), while having no effects at low concentrations (). Gene expression of Vg was also suppressed by TBT in a concentration-dependent manner in cultured eel hepatocytes which was previously treated in vivo with estradiol-.