도열병병반형성(稻熱病病斑形成)에 미치는 침입률(侵入率)과 균사신전도(菌絲伸展度)의 효과(效果)를 알기 위(爲)하여 23/15C(주/야(晝/夜)), 29/21C 및 온실조건(溫室條件)()에서 처리(處理)한 Aichi-asahi, Toyotama, Yamabiko에 6개의 도열병균(稻熱病菌) 균주(菌株)를 접종(接種)한 결과(結果), 접종후(接種後) 72,96시간(時間)째의 침입률(侵入率)은 어느 온도조건(溫度條件)에서도 병반형성(病斑形成)과 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 있었다. 또한 균사신전도(菌絲伸展度) 11이상(以上)을 나타내는 부착기수(付着器數)도 병반수(病斑數)와 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 그러나 균사신전도(菌絲伸展度) 30이상(以上)을 나타내는 부착기수(付着器數)는 29/21C조건(條件)의 접종후(接種後) 72시간(時間)째에만 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 이들 상관관계(相關關係)의 통계적(統計的)인 적중도(的中度)는 29/21C나 온실(溫室)보다는 23/15C에서 더 높았으며 이런 현상(現象)은 이병성품종(罹病性品種)인 Aichi-asahi에서 더욱 뚜렷하였다.

시설원예의 중요해충인 온실가루이의 국내에서의 정착가능여부를 파악하기 위해 수행된 각태별 저온처리 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 난은 , 3시간처리에서 부화율이 현저히 떨어졌으며 , 3일간처리에서 부화능력을 완전 상실하였다. 2. 유충은 , 3일간처리에서 용화율이 현저히 떨어졌으며 , 3일간처리에서 용화능력을 완전상실하였다. 3. 용은 , 3일간처리에서 우화율이 현저히 떨어졌으며 , 3일간처리에서 우화능력을 완전상실하였다. 4. 성충은 3일간처리에서 생존율이 현저히 떨어졌으며 , 3일간처리에서 완전사멸하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어보아 국내의 중남부지역에서는 용태로 월동이 가능하고 제주도 및 남해안지역에서는 각태모두 월동이 가능할 것으로 고려된다.

초 록 본 실험중 이병성품종인 Khao-tah-haeng 17에서는 4개 접종전처리온도어디서나 접종에 사용된 6개 균주에 대하여 저항성보다는 이병성병반이 많이 나타났다. Tetep, Carreon, IR36 및 Sensho에서는 이병성병반 보다는 저항성병반이 많이 나타났다. 저항성 및 이병성병반수 공히 접종전 처리온도간, 공시종간에 고도의 유의성이 있었다. 특정품종에서 이병성병반의 발현은 접종전처리온도와 두열병균균주에 의해서 좌우되었으며 저항성병반의 발현은 접종전처리온도보다는 도열병균균주에 의해서 좌우되었다.

감자 저장병으로서 중요한 Fusarium solani, F. roscum, F. oxysporum 및 Erwinia carotovora를 분리 동정하고 수확후에 공시품종 Epicure, Irish Cobbler, 및 Superior의 괴경을 절단하여 각 온도의 습실에 1, 3, 5, 및 7일간 예치한 후 suberin 및 periderm 형성을 검경하였다. 그리고 위와 같이 처리한 괴경에 4종의 병원균을 접종하여 9일간 정치한 후 부패도를 조사하였다. 예치온도가 높을수록 또 그 기간이 길어짐에 따라 보호막으로서의 suberin 및 periderm 형성이 증가하였으며 부패는 감소되었다. 공시균종간의 병원성, 품종에 대한 반응, 보호막 형성에도 차이가 있었으나 예치온도 및 기간의 효과가 부패방지에 더 중요하였다. 에서는 7일이내의 예치기간에 보호막은 거의 형성되지 않았으며 부패는 심하였고 에서는 대체로 이와 반대하였다. 그러므로 절상감자를 바로 에 냉장함은 피해여야 할 것으로 본다. 에서 3일 에서 5일이 지나면 부패되지 않았으며 suberin 및 periderm 형성은 중정도였다. 고온에서는 예치, 기간중에 기경이 부패되는 수도 있으므로 그 적온을 피하여 에 5일 이상 예치한 후에 저장하는 것이 실용적이라 생각된다.

The developmental ecology and temperature-dependent growth model were calculated to develop the Scotinophara lurida control technology, which is mainly affected by environmentally friendly rice cultivation. The survival rate of S. lurida after overwintering in 2019 showed that 167 of 224 survived and the survival rate was 72.8%. Overwintering adult of S. lurida occur in rice fields in mid-June, spawn in early July, and first-generation adults develop in mid-August. In order to determine the temperature-dependent growth model, the growth periods by temperature and development stage were investigated in a incubator at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30℃ and 14L: 10D. The period from egg to adult at the temperature of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30℃ was 119.8, 73.1, 53.5, 39.4, and 82.0 days, respectively. The best development temperature was at 27℃. The regression curve was obtained by analyzing the relationship between temperature and growth rate using the Excell program, and the base temperature threshold and effective cumulative temperature for each development stage were calculated. From eggs to 5 nymphs of S. lurida the base temperature threshold was 17.9℃ and the effective cumulative temperature was 380.2 DD.

화재시 콘크리트 구조물의 노출 온도를 판단하여 화재 피해 범위를 신속하게 판단할 수 있는 무기질 변온색소를 포함한 시멘트의 개발을 목적으로 한다. 400℃의 온도에 노출된 콘크리트는 물리·화학적 변화에 의해 내구성과 내하력이 감소한다. 따라서 400℃ 온도에 노출 유무를 확인하기 위해 400℃의 온도에서 보라색에서 흰색으로 변하는 망간바이롤렛 변온색소를 사용하여 무기질 시멘트를 제조하였다. 제조된 시멘트는 400℃에서 색상의 변화와 함께 30분과 60분 이상의 노출시간도 판단할 수 있는 특징을 나타내었다.

The present study was conducted to investigate the developmental characteristics of Propylea japonica Thunberg (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae), a predator of aphids under laboratory conditions. The development times of the egg and immature stages of Propylea japonica were investigated at ten constant temperatures(15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35 and 38±1℃; 14L:10D; 60±5% RH). Development time was longest at 17.5℃. The developmental periods of P. japonica from the time of egg oviposited to adult emergence was 36.9 days at 17.5℃, and it decreased ash temperature increasing. Threshold temperature of development and degree days of the P. japonica from egg to adult were 11.9℃ and 196.0 respectively. The Briere 2 and Lactin 2 modes were best fitted for all development stages. The distribution of completion of each development stage was explain relatively well that 2-parameter, 3-parameter and Logistic model except egg and pupal stage.

It is known that lowering of peak temperature of flame reduces NOx emission in combustion process. Low oxygenconcentration of diluted combustion air reduces peak flame temperature, but makes flame unstable. So increasing oftemperature of reactants is needed to enhance flame stability. Mixing of high temperature combustion gas with combustionair makes low oxygen concentration and increases air temperature simultaneously. Low oxygen concentration ofcombustion air reduces peak temperature of flame and increased air temperature makes flame stable by enhancement ofcombustion reaction. Special apparatus for recirculation of high temperature combustion gas should be needed, becausegeneral blower cannot be used to return the gas of almost 1,000oC. Air jet type recirculation apparatus has been developedand installed in a commercial scale of 7.2ton/day incinerator and estimated. Oxygen concentration and temperature ofair mixed with inhaled high temperature combustion gas by the apparatus are 16.24~17.78%, 384~512oC, respectively,in a steady state of incineration.

The seed spray technology prepares for landscape by spraying seeds, fertilizers and other materials but does not consider the relationship of the germination time and temperature of seeds for construction. The purpose of this study is to develop a functional formula that shows the relationship of germination and temperature for using the Papaver orientale L. seeds for the spray technology. The germination test in a chamber was progressed from March to April 2014 and the verification experiment proceeded in a greenhouse in May 2014. After culturing each 100 seeds of Petri dish and Papaver orientale L. seeds on filter beds 4 repetitive times, each 10mL of the first distilled water was sprayed to treat temperature at level 7 and the light source was maintained at 4~4.5μmoles/m2/s. The germination rate was investigated at two-day intervals, and the germination was based on the emergence of 3mm radicles. For experimental verification, seeding was implemented in a greenhouse and daily mean temperatures and germination periods were investigated. As a result of the treatment, based on a 50% germination rate, the functional relation between the temperature and germination period was found to be y = 1/-0.0004x²+ 0.0224x－0.0398, R2 = 0.9441. As the result of the analysis of the cardinal temperature from using graphs of functions, the lowest temperature was 2°C and the optimum temperature was 28°C and the highest temperature was 54°C, but in the actual test, normal germination was made at 5°C and the unusual germination of the final germination rate was below 50% at 35°C. In the experimental verification, as a result of substituting the daily mean temperature with functional formulas, it was found to be 4.4 days and the lapse of time for actual foliation was investigated to be 5.5 days.

Low temperature germinability (LTG) is an important trait for breeding of varieties for use in direct-seeding rice production systems. Although rice (Oryza sativa L.) is generally sensitive to low temperatures, genetic variation for LTG exists and several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been reported. The objective of this study was to develop and employ high-efficiency molecular markers for evaluation of LTG in rice germplasm. A panel of japonica rice accessions (n=180) from temperate regions in Asia was evaluated for LTG and genotyped with markers from regions previously reported to harbor other LTG QTLs. ANOVA revealed that four markers on chromosome 2, 4, and 11 from previously reported QTLs showed highly significant value (p < 1.0e-04) and their R2 ranged 0.083 (qLTG11-1) to 0.190 (qLTG4b-1). An association analysis was conducted using SNP data generated by sequencing of the panel. Eight SNP markers were found to be significantly associated with LTG using general and mixed linear models. Three SNP-based CAPS and dCAPS markers from these results were developed and showed higher accuracy in predicting sensitive LTG germplasm. These new LTG markers will be useful for molecular evaluation of germplasm, particularly to identify sensitive or weak LTG accessions.

Waterworks sludge is currently disposed after being used in water treatment, spending enormous cost. In order to protect the environment and avoid wasting, this study aims to develop high-temperature clay bodies using waterworks sludge for art tiles. As starting materials, feldspar, clay, and waterworks sludge, in place of silica, were used by triangular coordinates. According to the results indicated, the 40% sludge contained bodies showed good results which have low water absorption and high fracture strength in physical properties and color for art tile. The result of analyses showed mainly mullite and anorthite were developed in the bodies. Addition of Ca volume or firing at the higher temperature promoted the formation of anorthite and improved the strengths of the body. When mullite and anorthite coexisted in the bodies, fracture strength and water absorption showed maximum value, but overuse of Ca caused growth in porosity and absorption. The body color was affected by color development of iron. When mullite was doped by Fe3+ hematite appeared red and then increase of anorthite by addition of Ca, the magnetite was detected in the body and they appeared from dark gray to black shade color. Bodies of art tiles using recycled waste materials and waterworks sludge showed comparative properties such as strength, absorption, and bending strength to those of traditional tiles.

To select genes associated with the high-temperature tolerance from Brassica, two transcriptomic analyses have been used: microarray and RNA Seq. Using two contrasting inbred lines of B. rapa, Chiifu and Kenshin, version 3 microarray (135 K microarray) was conducted to RNA samples extracted from series of 45℃-treated leaves and 29 genes were selected for genomic DNA cloning of cabbage. Of 29 genes, 8 genes contain 40 SNPs, 11 SSRs and 23 In-Del markers that distinguish high-temperature tolerant and susceptible cabbages, BN1 and BN2. These 8 genes include a unknown gene, AP2, SMP, FBD, SKP2B, IAA16, HSP21 and OLI2-2. We also selected 16 cabbage genes from RNA Seq analysis using two inbred lines, BN1 and BN2: 5 genes for BN1-high expression, 5 genes for BN1-specific expression, 5 genes for BN2-specific expression, and BoCaMB. Using RNA sequences, genomic DNAs corresponding to 16 genes have been clones and analyzed to find out molecular markers. Markers were further transformed into PCR-based marker and confirmed with additional cabbage genetic lines. We are currently transforming PCR-makers into SNP markers. To examine function of high-temperature tolerant genes, we also transformed 5 genes into Arabidopsis plants. We will describe detailed methods and results in a poster. [This work was supported by a grant from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (the Next-Generation Genomics Center No. PJ009085), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea]

유체의 흐름에 의해 교량의 교각 및 교대 주변의 하상재료가 유실되는 현상을 말하는 교량 세굴은 교량 파괴의 주요원인이다. 그리고 홍수시 교량의 수위는 교량자체 안전뿐만 아니라 교량을 이용하는 사용자의 안전을 위해도 반드시 확인해야 한다. 따라서 교량의 안전관리를 위해 세굴과 수위계측은 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 세굴계측의 한계를 극복할 수 있는 새로운 교량세굴 측정방법을 개발하고 현장 검증을 통해 개발 기술의 우수성과 타당성을 확인하였다. 새롭게 개발된 세굴 및 수위 측정방법은 교각에 수직으로 계측장치를설치하고 일정간격으로 설치된 온도 센서의 온도를 측정하여 수면 위치와 수중 지면의 위치를 추정하는 방법으로 대기온도와 수온, 수온과수중 지온의 차이를 분석하여 수면 및 수중 지면의 위치를 추정하는 방법이다. 개발 기술은 절대적인 온도 차이뿐만 아니라 대기와 수중그리고 지중의 일변화량이 서로 다르다는 점을 이용하여 수면의 위치와 수중 지면 위치를 보다 정확하게 추정할 수 있다. 개발 기술의 검증을 위해 소하천 및 실험실, 그리고 교량 교각에서 개발기술을 시범 적용하고, 매질별 온도분포 특성, 시간에 따른 온도변화 추이 등을 분석하여 개발기술이 효과적으로 교량 세굴과 수위를 계측할 수 있는 방법임을 확인하였다.

The fertilized eggs of E. septemfasciatus are spherical and transparent with buoyancy at 790 to 890 μm (average 821.8±2.0 μm) in diameter with 170 to 230 μm oil globules (average 192.9±0.93 μm). Hatching began approximately 46 and 35 hours after fertilization at 22.0℃ and 25.0℃ water temperature, respectively. The average total length of newly hatched larvae was 1.75±0.03 mm. Most of the yolk and oil globules were absorbed within 3 to 4 days after hatching. The larvae reached 2.48 to 2.72 mm in total length, and their mouths and anuses opened at 3 to 4 days after hatching. In this time, the mouth diameters of the larvae were 0.209 to 0.238 mm. The larvae reached 3.24 to 4.15 mm in total length at 11 to 17 days after hatching, and began to metamorphose at the time the second dorsal and pelvic spines appeared and elongated. The abdominal cavity was densely lined with melanophores. The larvae reached 5.12 mm in total length at 24 days after hatching.

This study investigates strength development of magnesia-phosphate cement considering curing temperature and W/B ratio. The results revealed that it showed an excellent strength development at early ago and the influence of curing temperature was within 25% on strength.

Because ordinary concrete cannot be hardened well under sub-zero temperatures, anti-freeze agents are typically added to prevent the frost damage and to ensure the proper hardening of concrete. With the advantage of a rapid exothermic reaction property, jet set concrete may be used as a cold weather concrete because it can reach the required strength before being damaged by cold weather. Recent studies are reported that magnesia-phosphate composites can be hardened very quickly and hydrated even in low temperature, which can be used as an alternative of severe cold weather concrete in arctic regions. This study developed the magnesia-phosphate composites that can be used in severe cold regions and suggested an appropriate mixture design from the experimental results.

To the goal of improving the early compressive strength of the mortar including Ground granulated blast furnace slag under low-temperature environment, Industrial byproducts including SiO2 and Al2O3 was fired and than 7% of it was added into Ground granulated blast furnace slag. By checking compressive strength and activity index from different mixing rate, in spite of low strength development than OPC 100%, when using firing powder, the expectation of increasing strength by curing time was affirmative

In this study trying to develop a monitoring system for temperature and humidity measurement of quality control methods suitable for curing concrete nuclear power plant structures. This experiment is divided part of data logger, sensors, control program in a accordance with standar of quality control Nuclear power plant hot weather/the middle of summer. This measuring method is expected to development quality control nuclear power plant

본 연구는 타설 콘크리트의 온도를 무선센서 방식으로 현장에서 직접 간편하게 계측할 수 있는 장치를 개발하고, 무선 전송네트워크시스템을 통하여 현장사무실 및 본사 등에서 실시간 효율적 온도이력관리를 할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하는데 목적이 있다. 실험결과, 우선 무선센서네트워크시스템의 기본이 되는 온도센서는 콘크리트 타설시 안정적으로 측정될 수 있도록 무선방식의 막대타입의 스텐레스 프로브형으로 제작하였으며, 거푸집에서의 탈부착이 간편하고 장기간의 내장전력공급이 가능한 거푸집일체형의 무선센서네트워크 장치를 개발하였다. 또한 무선센서네트워크시스템의 구성은 센서노드와 라우터, 게이트웨이 및 CDMA 통신방식으로 구성하였으며, 콘크리트의 동일한 양생조건 및 상이한 양생조건에서 온도를 측정한 결과, 기존의 유선방식과 동일한 온도분포를 보였다. 향후, 개발된 무선센서네트워크 장치를 현장에서 사용할 경우, 현장 사무실에서의 정량적인 콘크리트 온도관리가 효율적으로 이루어 질 것으로 판단되며, 감리 감독업무의 생산성 향상과 더불어 전반적인 콘크리트 구조체의 품질에 크게 기여할 것으로 판단된다.