2007년 1월 20일 평창군 진부면 오대산 일대에서 발생한 오대산 지진(ML=4.8)은 천발지진(진원깊이 약 10 km)으로서 감진구역이 남한 남서부 일부를 제외한 전역에 이르렀다. 본진에 의한 최대 진도는 VI으로 VI에 해당하는 지역은 평창군 진부면, 도암면, 강릉, 주문진, 평창을 포함하는 지역으로서 강한 지진동과 함께 건물 실내외부 벽의 균열발생, 지붕의 기와나 스레트의 낙하 및 이동, 실내외 벽 타일의 떨어짐, 선반위 물체의 떨어짐, 도로의 낙석 등이 발생하였다. P파 초동극성과 SH/P 진폭비 자료를 이용한 단층면해는 본진의 경우 북북동-남남서 주향의 주향이동 단층운동을 나타내며, 2회의 여진은 남북 내지 북북동-남남서 주향의 역단층 운동이 우세함을 보인다. 전진, 본진 및 여진의 분포, 피해 지역 분포, 단층면해 등을 종합적으로 고려할 때 진앙지 부근에 우세하게 발달하고 있는 북북동-남남서 주향의 월정사단층이 기진 단층의 역할을 했을 것으로 추정된다. 여진 분포로 짐작컨대 subsurface에서의 이 단층의 파쇄 길이는 약 2 km로 판단되며, 추후 이 단층에 대한 고지진학적 조사가 필요하다.

Al t hough substance P(SP) , a potent pro- inflammatory peptide, is involved in inflammation and immune responses‘ t he eff'ect of SP on t he expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 3a (MIP- 3α CCL20) in periodontal liga ment(PDL) cell s a re unknown, Equally as enigmatic is the link between SP, t he stress protein heme oxygenase- l(HO-l) ‘ and CCL20 procluction, We investigated whether SP induces the release of chemokine CCL20 from immortal ized PDL(IPDL) ceJJ s‘ and fur ther c l a꺼 SP mediated pathways, We also examined the relationship between HO-l a ncl CCL20 by t reating PDL cells with SP, Incubating IPDL cells with SP increased expression of CCL20 mRNA a nd CCL20 protein in a dose-time dependent manner Highly selective p38 and ERKl/2 inhibitors abrogated SP-induced expression of CCL20 in IPDL cell s, SP is a lso responsible for ini t iating phosphorylation of I/C B, degradation of Iκ B‘ ancl activat ion of NF'-/C B, SP induced expression of HO-l in both a concentration- and time-dependent man nel ‘ and CCL20 refl ected s imilar patterns, The inductive effects o[ SP on HO- l and CCL20 wer e enhanced by HO- j inducer hemin and the membrane-permeable cGMP analog 8-bromo-cGMP, Conversely, this pathway was inJübited by t he 1-10난 inhi bitor zinc protoporphyrin IX(ZnPP IX) and the selective inl뼈itor of guanylate cyc1ase‘ lH-[l , 2, 4Joxad iazole[4‘ 3-aJquinoxal in-l-one (ODQ) , We report herein the pathway that connects SP along with other modulators 。f neuroimmunoregulationto the induction of HO-l and t he inflammatory mediator MIP-3a /CCL20 in IPDL cell s‘ which play an important role in the development 01' periodontitis or inflamrnation during orthodontic tooth movem

The purpose of this study is to provide foot classification on young men and women by factor analysis. The sample for this work was chosen from data which were collected and measured by Size Korea during two years (2003~2004). In order to analyze and compare features of the foot of young men and women, analysis was performed about 911 subjects (male: 467, female: 444) on 24 parts such as height (8 parts), width (5 parts), thickness (1 part), circumference (3 parts), length (3 parts) and angle (4 parts). The result of this study can be applied in manufacturing and design of shoes and socks. Also, it will enable us to have fruitful information on considerable items during manufacturing and design of shoes and socks.

The main objective of this study is to analyze characteristics on the somatotype of modern adult women In order to standardize of products. The sample for this work chosen from data which were collected and measured by Size Korea during two years(2003~2004). In order to analyze feature of the somatotype of modern adult women, analysis was peformed in 1,371 subjects(645 twenties women, 725 thirties women) about 21 body parts such as height(4 parts), width(3 parts), thickness(3 parts), circumference(7 parts), length(3 parts) and body weight. According to the result of analysis, it was found that the twenties group was near in slender somatotype, whereas the thirties group was near in fat somatotype compared to standard somatotype.

In the present work, hot workability of particulate-reinforced Al6061-20%SiC composite produced by direct hot extrusion technique was studied. Uniaxial hot compression test at various temperatures and strain rates was used and the workability behavior was evaluated from the flow curves and the attendant microstructures. It was shown that the presence of SiC particles in the soft Al6061 matrix deteriorates the hot workability. Bulging of the specimens and flow lines were observed, which indicate the plastic instability during hot working. Microstructure of the composites after hot deformation was found to be heterogeneous, i.e. the reinforcement clusters were observed at the flow lines. The mechanism of deformation was found to be controlled primarily by dynamic recrystallization.

[ ] 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch용 분말화 장치는 차세대관리 공정의 금속전환로 안으로 균질화된 분말을 공급하기 위하여 펠릿을 산화하여 으로 분말화하는 장치이다. 본 연구에는 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch용 분말화 장치 설계모델을 제시하고, 실증용 분말화 장치를 제작하여 검증실험을 수행한다. 분말화 장치 설계모델은 내부구조, 성능, 가열로 위치와 크기 등이 고려된다. 실험 방법은 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch용 분말화 장치 설계 모델에 따라 기존의 3단 메시 분말화 장치를 이용하여 분말의 메시 투과시험과 온도변화 특성 실험을 하여 장치 내부구조를 결정한다. 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch의 산화 반응도 실험과 가열로 위치별 온도 분포를 측정하고 장치의 성능과 가열로의 영 역 위치를 결정한다. 장치 크기를 결정하기 위하여 산화전의 20kg의 펠릿과 산화후의 부피를 측정한다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 실증용 분말화 장치를 설계. 제작하고, 검증을 위하여 산화도, 분말특성 및 분석 등을 수행하였다. 산화반응 실험결과 에서 기존장치에 비하여 분말의 메시 투과율이 향상되었으며, 기존의 3단 메시 장치의 펠릿산화시간이 13시간 소요된 것에 비하여 8시간으로 단축되었다. 분말 특성 분석결과, 평균 입도가 이었다. 제작된 펠릿 20 kg HM/batch용 분말화 장치 성능과 설계모델 예측 값은 대체로 잘 일치되었다.

Focusing on the emergence of the basic course in American schools of architecture, in particular Gyorgy Kepes' courses at MIT, this paper studies the transformation of architectural pedagogy during the years after World War II. Kepes centered his architectural pedagogy on the picture plane, which was to function as the primary media for applying the principles of Gestalt psychology, that is the identification of the whole and its parts and the reciprocity between the internal human organism and the outside world. Kepes hence introduced a set of unconventional visual practices that were not readily assimilated to architectural conventions. Paralleling the establishment of the basic course, MIT also formulated a functionalist and spatial pedagogy with its two initial design studios, courses 4.721 and 4.722. These studios shared the notion that architectural design evolved from the inside toward the outside, an idea that took hold not just in the pragmatic environment of MIT's studios but also in conservative academic programs as well as in popular magazines, picture books, and exhibitions for the consumer public. The architectural surface became inseparable from the objects of art, furniture, and design, all of which were to be the generators of space. Hence, during the 1950s, the architectural surface provided a specific locus of intersection between the visual fundamentals of the basic course and the working principles of architectural design. Kepes, however, had by this time become disillusioned with architecture's potential as the medium of unity. Though he maintained the Gestalt logic of identity, he expanded it toward the goal of grander synthesis of society and consciousness freeing himself from the constraints of disciplinary instruction. In the case of Kepes, the mediating role of the picture plane was foregone in a regressive turn toward a primal, innocent, and direct experience.

The effect of use of as PCA(process control agent) to prevent the carbon contamination during mechanical alloying process and the precipitation behavior in Ni-20Cr-20Fe-5Nb bulk alloy after aging were investigated. NbC and were formed during mechanical alloying and consolidation processes in the Ni-20Cr-20Fe-5Nb alloy in which methanol() was added as PCA. Formation of NbC in this alloy decreased the amount of Nb dissolved in the Ni matrix. The use of as PCA in Ni-20Cr-20Fe-5Nb alloy prevented the formation of NbC and increased the hardness. The increase of hardness in this alloy was attributed to the increased amount of Nb dissolved in the Ni matrix. After aging treatment for 20 hours at of Ni-20Cr-20Fe-5Nb bulk alloy in which added as PCA, precipitates were formed, respectively. The precipitation temperatures of and in this bulk alloy were lower than those in commercial IN 718 alloy. It seemed that the lower precipitation temperatures for and in this bulk alloy than in commercial IN 718 alloy were due to severe plastic deformation during mechanical alloying.

Correlations between in-flight particle, splat and coating microstructure of thermally sprayed Ni20Cr were investigated. Flame spray and arc spray systems were employed for spraying Ni20Cr powder and Ni20Cr wire, respectively. The results showed that the arc spray process produced a broader size distribution for both in-flight particles and splats compared to flame process. Flower-like splat morphology was obtained from the arc spray whereas a pancake-like splat was obtained by flame spray. Ni20Cr coating sprayed by arc process had a denser microstructure, lower porosity and better adhesion at the interface.

The structural and magnetic properties of nanostructued alloy powders were investigated. Commercial alloy powders (Hoeganaes Co., USA) with purities were used to fabricate the nanostructure Fe-Si alloy powders through a high-energy ball milling process. The alloy powders were fabricated at 400 rpm for 50 h, resulting in an average grain size of 16 nm. The nanostructured powder was characterized by fcc and hcp phases and exhibited a minimum coercivity of approximately 50 Oe