고온의 맑은 날 양지에 자가용을 주차시키는 것이 기온상승에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 양지와 음지에 주차되어 있는 차량을 대상으로 차의 상판과 차 내부의 온도를 27시간에 걸쳐서 측정하였다. 뿐만 아니라 양지와 음지를 대상으로 아스팔트와 토양의 표면온도 및 몇 가지 기상요소를 동시에 관측하였다. 이렇게 얻어진 자료를 이용하여 낮 동안에 아스팔트, 나대지 그리고 차의 상판에서 대기로 공급되는 현열을 산출하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 나대지, 아스팔트 그리고 차의 상판온도는 낮 동안에 각각 30∼37˚C, 37∼46˚C 및 42∼49˚C까지 상승함을 확인할 수 있었다. 2) 양지에 주차된 차량의 상판에서 대기 중으로 수송되는 현열의 양은 아스팔트와 나대지 표면에 비하여 훨씬 많은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 차량 상판과 지표면간의 현열플럭스 차이는 낮 동안에 최대 약 60(아스팔트표면), 85(나대지 표면) W/m2에 이르렀다.

The microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-pressed composites with a different sintering temperature have been studied. The size of matrix grain and Cu dispersion in composites increased with increase in sintering temperature. Fracture toughness of the composite sintered at high temperature exhibited an enhanced value. The toughness increase was explained by the thermal residual stress, crack bridging and crack branching by the formation of microcrack. The nanocomposite, hot-pressed at , showed the maximum fracture strength of 707 MPa. The strengthening was mainly attributed to the refinement of matrix grains and the increased toughness.

In order to investigate 95% retained critical current of Bi-2223/Ag tapes under various stress-strain conditions, load cell attached tension and bending apparatus was used. The critical current of stress-strained tape was degraded below 95% retained critical current when tension and bending was simultaneously applied together. But only one of this tension or bending did not degrade the tape below 95% retained critical current. Deformation temperature was important to maintain the 95% retained Ic of Bi-2223/Ag tapes after bending or tension deformation because mechanical strength of tapes can be changed drastically between room temperature and 77 K.

Magnetic Properties of dust cores made of mixtures of atomized pure iron powder and pure alumina powder has been investigated in the temperature range from 673 to 1073K. The effect of annealing on coercivity has been positive effect up to 973K and thus coercivity is gradually reduced form 280A/m (as-compressed) to 160A/m (973K). However, dust cores annealed at 1073K displayed a 15% increasing of coercivity by annealing at 973K. Hysteresis loss shows a tendency similar to coercivity. Microstructure observation of specimens shows grain refinement by recrystallization in the temperature range from 773 to 1073K.

The hatching rate of the eggs of Nannophya pygmaea Rambur, an endangered dragonfly species in Korea, was experimented in different temperature conditions (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30℃) in laboratory. N. pygmaea eggs were collected from female adults inhabited a small wetland in Mungyong-si, Kyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, in July 2006. The hatching rate was evaluated from the number of hatched nymphs for the period of 100 days. As a result, the hatching rates were 83, 89, and 76% at 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively, however, eggs were not hatched at 10℃ and 15℃ during the experiment period. The derived thermal threshold for egg hatching was 14.3℃, which is relatively higher than the values of other temperate dragonflies.

Because of the difference in the relative reactivity between two hydroxyl groups of the hydroquinone due to the steric hindrance of the substituent, many combinations of the substituent direction in the polyesters derived from asymmetrical diphenol such as monosubstituted hydroquinone was expected. It was studied how the mode of the direction affected the properties of the resulting polyesters in terms of the transition temperatures of the thermotropic polyesters prepared from terephthalic acid, 2,4-dichloroterephthalic acid and phenylhydroquinone by the reaction using diphenyl chlorophosphate in pyridine. The direction was tried to control the relative reactivity by changing the reaction temperature and the addition time of hydroquinone, and by modifying it through an association of hydroquinone with LiCl.

In all conventional sintered PM products, the pores present are of two types, primary and secondary. Primary pores forming during compaction and latter during sintering, due to penetration of formed liquid through the matrix grain boundary. Effect of carbon addition on diffusion of Cu in SH737-2Cu system was investigated. After compaction and transient liquid phase sintering at and , samples were characterized for densification, showing rise in sintering density and reduction in swelling on carbon addition. Quantitative microstructural characterization (shape factor and pore size) revealed bimodal distribution for 0% carbon, more rounded pores for 0.9% carbon and higher sintering temperature, and pore coarsening at higher sintering temperature.

The study examines hardness pattern of SH737-2Cu-.9C samples transient liquid phase sintered at different temperatures viz. , and , heat treated by various methods and then tempered at different temperatures. Sintered samples were characterized for density and densification parameter, and austenitized at , subsequently cooled by four different methods viz. annealing, normalizing, oil and brine quenching. Hardness pattern was found minimum for air cooled and maximum for brine quenched, and samples sintered at had relatively higher hardness. The O.Q and B.Q samples were then tempered at , , and . Hardness pattern typically showed secondary hardness taking place, with maximum around .

NiTiZrSiSn bulk metallic glass powder was produced using inert gas atomization and then was sprayed onto a SS 41 mild steel substrate using the kinetic spraying process. Through this study, the effects of thermal energy of in-flight particle and crystallization degree by powder preheating temperature were evaluated. The deformation behavior of bulk metallic glass is very interesting and it is largely dependent on the temperature. The crystalline phase formation at impact interface was dependent on the in-flight particle temperature. In addition, variations in the impact behavior need to be considered at high strain rate and in-flight particle temperature.

In this study, high purity fine powders were prepared by SHS (Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis). We would examinate the study of sintering properties and characteristics as a function of temperature with various additives (binder, sintering agent). In separately binder addition, the green and sintered density of specimen were increased as binder content increases. The increased porosity resulted in fine grain size due to the inhibition of grain boundary moving. The and MgO playa role of increasing dielectric constants at room temperature. These values were decreased at curie temperature. In case of , the Curie temperature was decreased. In this study, a high dielectric ceramic capacitor material with temperature stability was synthesized by using various additives

This study was conducted to establish the optimal temperature condition before oocyte activation in B6D2 F1 mouse. In experiment 1, two embryo culture media (CZB vs KSOM) were evaluated for the development of activated mouse oocytes. Parthenogenetic embryos cultured in KSOM showed better blastocyst development than ones cultured in CZB(56.2% vs 81.0%, p<0.01). Two-hour of pre-incubation before activation significantly reduced the number of hatched blastocysts in KSOM (22.0% versus 8.8%, p<0.05). In experiment 2, recovered oocytes were pre-incubated at different temperature conditions before activation. The experimental groups were divided by 5 as follows. Group A: pre-incubation for 120 min at 37℃, Group B: pre-incubation at 37℃ for 90 min then at 25℃ for 30 min, Group C: pre-incubation at 37℃ for 60 min then at 25℃ for 60 min, Group D: pre-incubation at 37℃ for 30 min then at 25℃ for 90 min, and Group E: pre-incubation at 25℃ for 120 min before activation. Group A (67.6%) and B (66.7%) showed better development to the blastocyst stage than other groups (Group C: 50.0%, Group D: 49.2%, Group E: 33.3%, p<0.05). The present study indicates that the temperature before activation affects the development of B6D2 F1 mouse parthenogenetic oocytes and exposure to room temperature should be limited to 30-min when the oocytes are left in HEPES-buffered medium for micromanipulation.

잎응애류의 포식성 천적인 민깨알반날개의 실내사육에 필요한 몇 가지 생태적 특성 즉 산란 습성, 성충우화율, 저장온도 그리고 귤응애의 밀도억제효과를 시험하였다. 민깨알반날개 암컷성충은 유자잎 뒷면에 를 산란하였으며, 그중 를 귤응애의 탈피각이나 배설물로 알 표면을 피복하였다. 과수원 내 밭토양에서는 민깨알반날개의 우화율이 였는데, 밭토양 대신 원예용상토를 사용했을 때 로 향상되었다. 대부분의 유충은 지면으로부터 2 cm이내 깊이에서 번데기가 되었다. 성충 저장에 가장 적합한 온도는 발육영점온도인 이며, 저장 10, 20, 30일 후에 생존율은 각각 96.7, 73.3, 였다. 유자에 발생한 귤응애 방제를 위한 효율적인 방사비율은 150:1 미만으로 방사하였을 때 가장 효율적이었다.