It is known as that onion is antioxidation effect, antibiotic effect, blood pressure decreasing effect and reducing serum cholesterol levels. This research about effect that onion concentrate gets blood cholesterol levels and body composition. Subject was 17 adult men of hyperlipidemia. Age distribution of investigation subjects were average 49.4 years old by 40 ~ 56 years old, and average height and weight were 167.6 cm and 75.5 kg each, BMI was 26.9 kg/㎡, and BMR was 1, 460.6±87.5kcal, and AMC was 25.0±1.05cm, and BCM was 41.0±2.79cm. In the meantime, the body muscle was 53.7±3.7kg, and fat mass was 18.7±3.8kg, and intracellular fluid was 26.6±1.8kg, and extracellular fluid was 12.8±0.9kg. The % body fat was 24.6±3.8% , and fat distribution was 0.9±0.0%, and the obesity degree was 125.4±8.2%. Vegetables, seaweeds, fruits and juices increased by change of dietary life and greasy foods, instants, breads, rices etc. decreased or there was no change, fast foods and eggs were no change. Also, subject previewed that guidance about stress, smoking, drinking and beverage intake need. If compared the nutrient intake amount with before onion concentrate allowance, it was similar level almost without significant. Energy, calcium and riboflavin are lower than the RDA for koreans. After 3 months, the levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides had decreased significantly : 15.0%, 31.2% respectively. And the HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels also showed a marked reduction of 6.8%, 8.7% respectively. Plasma lipid level change by onion concentrate supplement would can know that case of triglyceride more greatly than plasma cholesterol. The pH and Na^+ level of plasma were low significant since 8 weeks after, and K^+ level increase significant. While Ca^++ level was low significant after 1 month , there was no change since 2 months after, but nCa^++ level was low significantly. Plasma Mg^++ level was no change and nMg^++ level was low significant after intake.

Natto is a Japanese traditional food made from whole soybeans by the fermentation of Bacillus natto. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Natto mucilage on lipid metabolism in rats. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in serum of rats fed Natto mucilage diets were lower than those in control rats, but serum HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid were higher than those in control rats. The results indicate that Natto mucilage may have more beneficial roles in lipid metablism because it decreased serum cholesterol and increased bilirubin excretion.

대두(Glycin max Merrill) 배아의 기능적 활성을 조사하기 위하여 대두를 발아시켜 만든 배아(soybean sprout)을 시료로 하여 0.75% 콜레스테롤 첨가식이로 유발된 고지혈증 Sprague Dawley계 수컷의 흰쥐에 대두 배아의 유기용매 추출물을 급여시킨 후 혈청의 지질 개선효과를 알아보기 위하여 4주간 동안 대두 배아를 섭취시켰다. 식이 급여가 대조군의 체중 및 장기 무게에 미치는 영향은 거의 찾아볼 수 없었으며 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤의 농도는 대조군에 비하여 낮았고. 콜레스테롤 식이군에 비하여 콜레스테롤 식이와 대두 배아 메탄을 추출물의 혼합투여시 낮게 나타났다. 총 콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비는 대두 배아 추출물 급여군이 높게 나타났으며, 동맥경화 지수는 고콜레스테롤 식이군에 비하여 대두 배아 추출물이 낮았다. 또한 혈청중의 유리콜레스테롤 및 고콜레스테롤 에스테르의 농도는 고콜레스테롤 식이군에 비해 대두 배아의 혼합 급여군이 감소하였고, 인지질의 농도도 콜레스테롤 식이군 보다 콜레스테롤 식이와 대두 배아 급여군이 낮은 경향을 나타내었다.

산초종피 메탄을 추출물과 hyperoside의 사전투여가 사염화탄소에 의해 예상되는 혈청지질성분의 농도변화에 미치는 효과를 밝히기 위해 TCR계 mouse를 대상으로 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 사염화탄소로 혈청 총콜레스테를 농도가 유의적으로 증가되었으나, 산초 메탄올 추출물과 hyperoside의 사전투여는 사염화탄소에 의한 이의 증가를 유의적으로 억제시켰으며, 20㎎/㎏ hyperoside 투여군에서 그 효과가 가장 높았다. 사염화탄소로 혈청 HDL-cholesterol 농도가 유의적으로 감소되었으나, 산초 메탄올 추출물과 hyperoside의 사전투여는 사염화탄소에 의한 이의 감소를 유의적으로 억제시켰으며, 20㎎/㎏ hyperoside 투여군에서 그 효과가 가장 높았다. 사염화탄소로 혈청 LDL-cholesterol 농도가 유의적으로 증가되었으나 산초 메탄올 추출물과 hyperoside의 사전투여는 사염화탄소에 의한 이의 증가를 유의적으로 억제시켰으며, 20㎎/㎏ hyperoside 투여군에서 그 효과가 가장 높았다. 사염화탄소로 혈청 triglyceride 농도가 유의적으로 증가되었으나, 산초 메탄올 추출물과 hyperoside의 사전투여는 사염화탄소에 의한 의의 증가를 유의적으로 억제시켰다.

The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effects of crude ginseng extract added to food on the lipid composition in serum of rats fed lard and alcohol. Thirty-five males of Sprague-Dawley strains weighed about 130 g were divided into 7 groups, each group receiving a different diet for 10 weeks ; i.e. basal diet plus 15% lard, basal diet plus 5% alcohol, basal diet plus 0.5% crude ginseng extract, basal diet plus 15% lard and 0.5% crude ginseng extract. Determinations were carried out on the net weight gain, food efficiency ratio, weight of organs, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Rats given feed containing lard and alcohol showed significant decrease in net weight gain, but crude ginseng extract caused an increase in food efficiency ratio. 2. Lard supplementation group showed increase in the weight of liver, kidney, spleen, but another groups did not. 3. The contents ratio of triglyceride, total cholesterol in serum of lard-fed group showed significant increase compared to controls and but the simultaneous supplementation of crude ginseng extract and lard decreased sinificantly than those of lard-fed group. 4. The contents of free-cholesterol and ester cholesterol in serum of the simultaneous supplementation of crude ginseng extract group decreased as compared with the lard single fed group. 5. Crude ginseng extract single-fed group showed increse of plasma HDL-cholesterol compared to the control but not in any other groups. 6. The ratio of contents of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in serum was significantly high in the only lard containing group and alcohol group, the crude ginseng extract supplemented group was showed lower tendency than only lard and alcohol group. The above results suggest that crude ginseng extract would prevent the metabolic disease by improving hyperlipidemia.

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is known as a potential hepatic carcinogen by single administration. This study was designed to measure the effects of DEN-induced cell damage on the triglyceride and cholesterol concentration in the liver, excluding dietary effects. Fertilized chicken eggs, 10 days before hatching, were randomly divided into three groups (n=20) and each egg was injected 10 ul of corn oil (vehicle control), 5 ug of DEN/10 ul and 10 ug of DEN/10 ul into yolk via air sac. After 48 hr and 96 hr incubation, the damage of the chick-embryo liver cell was investigated by electron microscopy and by measuring the concentration of lipid components (total cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride). For eggs administered 10 ug of DEN and incuvated 96 hr, in hepatocyte, the nucleus membrane was roughed, the size of nucleolus was apparently increased and euchromatin was accumulated. Mitochondria were condensed and cristae, located mitochondrial inner membrane, were obscured. Additionally, the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol classes were significantly increased depend on the amount of DEN and incubation time. Especially, triglycerides were notably increased in the group treated with 10 ug DEN at 96 hr, but phospholipids, component of cell membrane, were decreased with significance. As a conclusion, carcinogen induced hepatic lesion was correlated with the changes in lipid component of liver.

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in lipid components of red pepper under various processing conditions such as drying, exposing to lights, extraction and storage conditions. The material used in this study were Chungyang cultivars which contained the largest amount of capsaicinoids and Dabok cultivars which is most popular among the various cultivars produced in Korea. Total lipid content of Chungyang was 15.7% and those of Dabok, Udeungsang and Hongilpum were about 17%. The neutral lipid content in free lipid of red pepper was 78.5~80.3% Phospholipid and glycolipid content in bound lipid were 53.8~56.9% and 35.3~38.7% respectively. The major fatty acids of lipid were linoleic, palmitic and oleic acid. Linoleic acid was presented mainly in pericarp, seed and placenta, whereas the most of palmitic acid was presented in stem. Lipid content of cut and whole red pepper were decreased 24.7~28% and 18.1~21.5% by drying for 48hrs at 65℃ and 95℃. And lipid content was also decreased 3.5~3.6% when the red pepper powder was exposed to 15,000 lux of incandescent light for 30 days at 40℃ and 4~4.9% to fluorescent light. The lipid was extracted the highest content of 50.5~51.7% by acid solution(pH2) and the lowest content by neutral solution, and the higher the salt concentration, the greater the lipid was extracted. During storage at 4℃, 25℃, 40℃, for 30 days the lipid content was not much changed but linoleic acid content was decreased during storage at the same conditions.

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has been extensively used in the traditional oriental medicine as a restorative, tonic and prophylatac agent. This study was devised to develop a chemopreventive agent from panax ginseng to be able to suppress the genotoxicity and oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species, which are involved with cancer or aging. Ginseng petroleum ether extract (GPE) and one of its fraction, P2, showed an antioxidative effect on the lipid peroxidation of ethyl linoleate with Fenton's reagents and free radical scavenging effect to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazil (DPPH) radical generation. They also showed the suppressive effect of H₂O₂ or KO₂ induced DNA damage by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). Results from our study indicate that GPE and P2 are capable of protecting lipid peroxidation, and oxidative DNA damage. Therefore, GPE and P2 may be useful chemopreventive agents which are involved with cancer and aging.

The lipid compositions of buckwheats produced in Korea were analyzed. The samples used in this experiment were as follows; Kyungbuk rice buckwheat. Kangwon hull buckwheat and Kangwon rice buckwheat. The total lipids were extracted and fractionated to neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids respectively by silicic acid column chromatography (SACC). As a result, neutral lipids content of these three samples were in the range of 82.77-95.65%; glycolipids in 1.97-10.83%; and phospholipids in 2.21-6.40%. The composition of neutral lipids of these three samples showed that triglyceride were in the range of 88.7-92.0%; monoglyceride in 2.3-4.0%; free fatty acid in 3.0-3.7%; diglyceride in 0.7-0.8%.; free sterol in 0-0.7%; and steryl esters in 0-2.2%. The major fatty acids of total lipid, neutral lipid, glycolipids and phospholipids of these three samples were oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids.

These studies were carried out to investigate the effects of Korean Job's tears on increasing control of body weight and organ and lipid in rats which were devided into control group, 10% Job's tears group(A), 20% Job's tears group(B), 30% Job's tears group(C), 60% Job's tears group(D) during 10 week administration after 3 week adaption before the experiment. 1. Food intake amount and food efficiency ratio decreased much better Job's tears amount in diet controled of body weight increasing. 2. The organ weight in 100g body weight heavier better 60% Job's tears group(D) then control group. 3. Serum lipid level are rowed Total cholesterol, Free-cholesterol levels in 60% Job's tears group, showed highed of HDL-cholesterol, TG levels.

For the study of the effect of dietary phospholipid(PL) on the lipid components of serum and organ tissues in Sprague-Dawley rats, 56 Male-rats were divided into 8 groups, which was composed of 7. One group was fed with basal diet(normal group). And other experimental groups were fed ad libitum with the mixture of carbohydrate : casein: salt mixture : vitamin mixture(60 : 18 : 4 : 1) and at the same time fed administratively with 1 gram of phospholipid -free soybean oil, corn oil and sesame oil, and phospholipid-containing soybean oil, corn oil and sesame oil respectively. After 60 days the rats were fasted for 12 hours and then decapitated to collect blood and separate organ tissues. The lipid and protein components of serum and organ tissues were analized. The results of this study are summarized as follows. The supplementation of dietary phospholipid decreases the food efficiency ratio and the growth rate of experimental rats ; it increases the level of serum phospholipid and cholesterol ester, but decreases the value of total-cholesterol (T-chol.)/PL ; it decreases the value of albumin/globulin (A/G ratio)of serum protein and it increases the level of phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE) in serum and organ tissues. And the correlation coefficients among the contents of T-chol., of HDL-chol. and of phospholipid in serum and liver are negative in general. Therefore I think that we must eat dietary phospholipid unpurified from vegetable oil to prevent development of atherosclerosis and fat liver.

The purpose of the study was to find an effect of phospholipid-free vegetable oils on the serum lipids and proteins of Sprague-Dawley rats. All experimental rats were fed ad libitum for 60days with the mixture of starch: casein: salt mixture: vitamin mixture (60:18:4:1) and at the same time fed administratively with 1 ml of soybean oil, corn oil and sesame oil bought in market as source of phospholipid-free vegetable oils(PFVO) and those extracted directly by and oil press as source of phospholipid-containing vegetable oils(PCVO) respectively. At the last day of experimental period, the rats were fasted for 12 hours and decaptitated to collect blood for analysis of serum lipid and protein. The results of this study were summerized as follows. 1. The supplementation of dietary phospholipid decrease food efficiency ratio and the growth rate of experimental rats. 2. The supplementation of dietary phospholipid improve correlation coefficient of body weight and organ weights. 3. The supplementation of dietary phospholipid increase the level of serum phosphatidylethanolamine. Therefore, I think that we must eat dietary phospholipid unpurified from vegetable oil to prevent development of atherosclerosis and fat liver.

This paper in the feeding Selenium added high fat diet, have an aim to find an effect of the white rat'food intake, body weight and level of serum lipid. This experimentations com to the conclusion that Se. added high fat diets, to say again, soybean oil added high fat diets that expecially is contained unsaturated high fatty acid, improve a general diet-utility factor, and decrease a body weight and coronary heart desease factor of the serum have an effect to prevent them from C H D by increasing anti - arterioscleroticfactor.

사과의 감압저장중(減壓貯藏中) 저장생리(貯藏生理)에 영향을 미치는 과피지질(果皮脂質)과 품질(品質)의 측도(測度)가 되는 색소(色素)의 변화(變化)에 대해 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 전지질(全脂質) 함량(含量)은 국광(國光)이 Fuji보다 높았으며, 두 품종(品種) 모두 저장(貯藏) 60일(日)까지 감소(減少)하다가 저장말기(貯藏末期)까지는 증가(增加)하였으며 특히 저온구(低溫區)에서 변화(變化) 폭(幅)이 현저하였다. 중성지질(中性脂質) 함량(含量)은 Fuji의 상온구(常溫區)에서는 전반적(全般的)으로 증가(增加)하였고 저온구(低溫區)에서는 60일(日)까지 감소(減少)하다가 그 이후(以後)로는 증가(增加)하였으며 국광(國光)은 60일(日)까지 약간씩 감소(減少)하다가 그 이후(以後)로는 증가(增加)하였다. 당지질(糖脂質)은 두 품종(品種) 모두 30일(日)까지 감소(減少)한 후(後) 60일(日)까지는 증가(增加)하였다가 저장말기(貯藏末期)까지는 감소(減少)하였는데, 저온구(低溫區)에서 변화폭(變化幅)이 더 컸다. 인지질(燐脂質)은 Fuji에서 전반적(全般的)으로 감소(減少)하는 경향이었고 국광(國光)에서는 저장전반(貯藏全般)을 통해 변화(變化)가 거의 없었다. 포화지방산(飽和脂肪酸)에 대한 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸)의 함량비(含量比)는 중성지질(中性脂質)에서 Fuji는 감소(減少)하였으나 국광(國光)은 증가(增加)하였고, 당지질(糖脂質)에서 Fuji는 60일(日)까지 감소(減少)한 후(後) 저장말기(貯藏末期)까지 증가(增加)하였고 국광(國光)은 저장전반(貯藏全般)에 걸쳐 증가(增加)하였다. 인지질(燐脂質)의 경우는 두 품종(品種) 모두 전반적(全般的)으로 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)이었으며 SAP-L, NAP-L, SAP-N, NAP-N 순(順)으로 비율(比率)이 높았다. Chlorophyll 함량(含量)은 국광(國光)이 Fuji보다 다소 높았고 저온감압구(低溫減壓區)에서 감소(減少) 경향(傾向)이 가장 적었다. Carotenoid, anthocyanin의 함량변화(含量變化) 상온상압구(常溫常壓區)에서 증가폭(增加幅)이 가장 컸으며 저온감압구(低溫減壓區)는 착색(着色)이 가장 지연(遲延)되었다.

The possible effects of 10% carbohydrate containting diets on the serum glucose and lipids values were studied with normal and alloxan - diabetic male rats for a period of 28 days. The diets were supplemented with either glucose, cornstarch or sucrose, fructose or the basal diet containing no added carbohy drates. After this period, 3 to 4 rats among the each group were killed and samples of serum, liver, spleen and kidney were collected. The others were rendered diabetic by the intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (190mg/wtkg). Then original feeding scedule was continued for 3 days in all five diabetic groups, before the collection of tissue samples and serum. Feeding the nondiabetic rats with glucose and fructose delayed the bodyweight development relatively compared with nonsugar group. The weight deductions after alloxan injection were similar in all feeding groups. All diabetic animals exhibited increased blood glucose triglceride levels but almost unchanged total cholesterol values. Blood glucose values for nondiabetic rats were normal ranges, and then glucose feeding group was the highest. Total - cholesterol values were the highest in nondiabetic rats fed glucose, fructose and in diabetics fed sucrose, glucose. Triglyceride values were the highest in nondiabetic rats fed sucrose, and no difference in diabetic rats. Some cornstarch group exhibited fatty-livers in diabetic and nondiabetic, and more studies need.

This study aimed to investigate the improvement effect of 5% (w/w) mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) on lipid composition and protein concentration in hyperlipidemic rats. Seven-week-old male (Sprague-Dawley) rats were divided into four groups (n=6, each), and fed experimental diets containing mung bean meal [basal diet+5% (w/w) mung bean (BM), basal-hyperlipidemic diet+5% (w/w) mung bean (BHM)], basal-hyperlipidemic diet (BH), and control (basal diet, BD). Lipid composition in the mung bean diet groups (BM and BHM) evidenced significant reductions in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, cardiac risk factor, triglyceride, phospholipid, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, blood glucose, nonesterified fatty acid, and an elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The serum albumin/globulin ratio was increased in mung bean diet-supplemented rats compared to that in hyperlipidemic rats (p < 0.05). Total calcium, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in sera were higher in the BM, BHM and BD groups than in the BH group. Concentrations of sodium and chlorine in sera were lower in the mung bean diet-supplemented groups than in the hyperlipidemic group. The in vivo experiments showed that ingestion of mung bean was effective in improving lipid composition, protein concentration, and blood glucose.