고지방식이를 섭취한 수컷 쥐에서 PPARα activator fenofibrate 단독처방(H/F)과 수영운동 단 독처방(H/S)에 비해 fenofibrate와 수영운동의 조합처방(H/F/S)이 백색지방조직의 염증 개선에 유익한 상 승효과를 나타낼 것인지를 조사하였다. 몸무게, 체내 백색지방조직의 무게 및 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 수치는 저지방식이를 섭취한 쥐(L)에 비해 고지방식이를 섭취한 쥐(H)가 증가하였으며, H에 비해 H/F와 H/S 모 두 감소하였으며, fenofibrate에 의해 감소된 수치는 fenofibrate와 수영운동의 조합처방(H/F/S)에 의해 더 효과적으로 감소하였다. 체내 백색지방조직에서 염증성 사이토카인 유전자와 지방산 산화 관련 유전자의 발현을 조사한 결과, L에 비해 H는 증가하였으며, H에 비해 H/F와 H/S 모두 감소하였고, H/F/S는 H/F 에 비해 더욱 감소시켰다. 따라서 본 연구는 고지방식이를 섭취한 수컷 쥐에서 fenofibrate와 수영운동의 조합처방은 fenofibrate 단독처방에 비해 지방산 산화를 촉진하여 비만으로 발생한 백색지방조직의 염증을 더욱 효과적으로 억제한다는 것을 밝힘으로써, 비만으로 발생하는 지방조직의 염증을 개선하는 실질적인 방법을 제시하였다.

흰꽃세덤(Sedum album)은 포복성으로 자라며 무리 지어 개화하는 특성을 가진 다육식물의 일종이다. 흰꽃세덤은 의약 품에 사용될 수 있는 플라보놀 배당체(flavonol glycoside)를 많이 생산하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 뿐만 비생물적 스트레 스 요인에 대해 강한 저항성을 가지고 있고 옥상녹화 시스템 (green roof systems)에 많이 사용되는 식물이다. 흰꽃세덤 은 강인한 생명력과 특이한 외형을 기반으로 실내에서 관상식 물로 사용될 수 있는 잠재력도 가지고 있다. 그러나 흰꽃세덤 이 실내식물로써 활용되기 위해서는 생장에 적합한 광질이 구명되어야 한다. 이에 따라 본 실험에서는 인공광원으로 시중 에 상용으로 판매되고 있는 3000, 4100, 6500K 백색 T5 LED를 사용하였으며 식물은 흰꽃세덤의 우량종인 ‘아툼’(S. album cv. Athoum)을 선발하여 본 실험에 적용하였다. 결과 적으로 초장, 초폭, 피복면적, 근장, 분지의 개수와 같은 식물 의 크기를 나타내는 지표는 4100K 백색 LED 처리구에서 크 게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 식물의 생체중과 수분함량은 4100K 백색 LED에서 증가하였으나 건물중은 3000K 백색 LED에서 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. CIELAB 중 명도를 나타 내는 L*은 4100K 백색 LED에서 가장 높게 나타났는데 이는 식물의 높은 수분함량으로 인한 세포의 팽창 혹은 에피큐티큘 러 왁스층(epicuticular waxes)의 발달로 추측되었다. CIE76 color difference(ΔE * ab)는 4100K 백색 LED 처리 구와 6500K 백색 LED 처리구 간에 ΔE* ab=5.51로 가장 크게 나타났다. RHS 분석에서는 모든 처리구가 동일하게 N137A, 147A로 평가되었다. 결론적으로 식물을 판매하거나 관상가치 를 향상시킬 목적으로 식물의 크기를 유의미하게 증대시키고 자 하는 경우 4100K 백색 LED를 사용할 것을 권고한다. 한 편, 살아있는 식물체를 약용으로 사용하거나 2차 대사산물을 추출하고자 하는 경우 4100K 백색 LED의 사용을 권고하며 말린 식물체를 활용하고자 한다면 3000K 백색 LED를 사용 할 것을 권고한다.

This study was conducted to determine the proximate compositions, nutritional components, and antioxidant effects of white and brown enoki mushrooms (Flammulina velutipes). The crude protein and carbohydrate contents were higher in the brown than white mushrooms, whereas the moisture, crude ash, crude lipid, and dietary fiber levels were lower. The mineral contents of the white mushroom was higher than levels obtained in the brown mushroom for the detected components (Ca, Cu, K, Mn, Na, and P). The amount of vitamin B3 in the brown mushroom was 1.51 mg/100 g, which was 4.5 times higher than that in the white mushroom. The major fatty acids detected were palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were highest in 70% ethanol extracts of the white and brown mushrooms, respectively. For the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, a 70% methanol extract of the white enoki mushrooms showed an activity of 76.4% (p<0.05). For the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity, a 70% methanol extract of the brown enoki mushrooms showed the highest value. Further, the total flavonoid contents were significantly correlated with the DPPH and FRAP activities.

안트라센의 골격을 갖는 청색 발광 물질, 9-(2-naphthyl)-10-(p-tolyl)anthracene (2-NTA)를 기본으로 하고, 오렌지 도판트인 루브렌을 다양한 부피비로 사용하여 백색 유기발광소자를 제작하였다. 그 결과 C.I.E. 좌표가 (0.32, 0.39)인 백색 유기발광소자를 얻었다. 다양한 부피비의 소자 중 루브렌을 1.5% 이하로 증착된 소자가 3% 이상으로 증착된 소자 보다 전기발광 효율이 높았다. 더욱이 2-NTA를 포함하 는 백색 유기발광소자는 같은 조전하에서 2-NTA 만의 청색 유기발광소자 보다 낮은 턴온 전압을 갖는다. 결론적으로 2-NTA는 적은 양의 오렌지 도판트만으로 순수한 백색 유기발광소자를 구현할 수 있다.

Sulfur is an essential element in plants, including amino acids, vitamin synthesis, and acting as an antioxidant. However, the interaction between endogenous sulfur and proline synthesis has not been yet fully documented. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is known as a species highly sensitive to sulfate supply. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the role of sulfur in regulating proline metabolism in relation to ammonia detoxification and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in white clover. The detached leaves of white clover were immersed in solution containing different concentration of sulfate (0, 10, 100, and 1000 mM MgSO4). As MgSO4 concentrations were increased, the concentration of H2O2 increased up to 2.5-fold compared to control, accompanied with H2O2 detection in leaves. Amino acid concentrations significantly increased only at higher levels (100 and 1000 mM MgSO4). No significant difference was observed in protein concentration. Proline and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) concentrations slightly decreased at 10 and 100 mM MgSO4 treatments, whereas it rapidly increased over 1.9-fold at 1000 mM MgSO4 treatment. Ammonia concentrations gradually increased up to 8.6-fold. These results indicate that exogenous sulfur levels are closely related to H2O2 and ammonia synthesis but affect proline biosynthesis only at a higher level.

The purpose of this study was to breed a variety of stable productivity and high storage characteristics of white Hypsizygus marmoreus, which has high demand at domestic and global market due to a low bitter taste and the preference for white species. Accordingly, ‘Baekmaru’ was bred by hybridizing brown and white cap color species and backcrossing with white species. The ‘Baekmaru’ variety was bred by crossbreeding the brown and white species and backcrossing the white species. Through repeated cultivation of ‘Baekmaru’, a variety with a low contamination rate was selected when culturing the spawn for stable cultivation. As a results of demonstration test, the yield of ‘Baekmaru’ was 14% higher than that of the commercial variety. In addition, among the fruiting body characteristics of ‘Baekmaru’, diameter and thickness of the pileus were 16.43±15.27mm and 6.46±0.58mm, which were slightly higher than the commercial variety, and the hardness was 2.69±0.89N for the pileus and 3.09±0.89N for the stipe. The shelf life showed less change in thickness and color of pileus compared to commercial variety. The hardness of pileus of 'Baekmaru' was maintained in the range of 3.5 to 4.0N in the 4oC and 4oC and 20oC mixed treatment until 30 days of storage, and was higher than that of the commercial variety. Therefore, it was suggested to be excellent in storability.

Most of the white fumes from the tenter process of a textile plant in an industrial complex are generated by water vapor and oil mist. While general water vapor disappears when the humidity is lowered, the white fume generated in the tenter process does not disappear and is continuously maintained, resulting in environmental problems and complaints. Efforts to reduce white fume are being conducted, but it is vitally important to develop a performance index that quantitatively calculates and deduces the degree by which white fume has been reduced, so that a tangible and visible result can be obtained in the performance evaluation of prevention facilities. In this study, the removal efficiency or performance of a general wet scrubber and a wet electrostatic precipitator (electrical fume collector, EFC) installed in the actual textile tenter process was analyzed by the light scattering method that can measure the concentration of particles up to a high level. The white fume removal efficiency of the EFC was 92%, much higher than the 17% removal efficiency of the general scrubber. In addition, the EFC was more effective in removing toluene, 1,1'- [oxybis(methylene)]bis- Benzene, and benzothiazole, which are the major substances generated from the textile tenter process, as well as complex odors. From these results, it was found that the light scattering method is one of the useful tools to evaluate the performance of white fume prevention facilities in the industrial field in terms of satisfying the urgent need for measurement and the ability to obtain a clear and precise result on site. This approach is meaningful in that real-time quantification is applicable more intuitively than the gravimetric method in assessing the fume removal performance as it can be observed with the naked eye.

As the importance of public health increases with the spread of infectious diseases, functionality has become a factor affecting consumers’ purchase of mushrooms. Therefore, the bioactive components of button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), which are generally known to promote button mushroom consumption, were analyzed. White and brown button mushrooms were compared and white beech mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) were used as a control. White button mushrooms had higher sugar and inorganic potassium concentrations than brown button mushrooms, whereas sodium, magnesium, and vitamin C concentrations were not significantly different between the different button mushrooms. Moreover, there was approximately twice as much ergosterol in white button mushrooms than brown button mushrooms. Brown button mushrooms had higher concentrations of β-glucan and oxalic acid than white button mushrooms, but there was no significant difference in total organic acid content between the two mushroom types. High concentrations of the essential amino acids, ergothioneine, isoleucine, and leucine and the non-essential amino acids, glycine and alanine, were observed. Concentrations of the vitamin B group and total polyphenols were also high.

Nanosized rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used in inorganic pigments and cosmetics because of its high whiteness and duality. The high quality of the white pigments depends on their surface coating technique via the solgel process. SiO2 coatings are required to improve the dispersibility, UV-blocking, and whiteness of TiO2. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is an important coating precursor owing to its ability to control various thicknesses and densities. In addition, we use Na2SiO3 (sodium silicate) as a precursor because of its low cost. Compared to TEOS, which controls the pH using a basic catalyst, Na2SiO3 controls the pH using an acid catalyst, giving a uniform coating. The coating thickness of TiO2 is controlled using a surface modifier, cetrimonium bromide, which is used in various applications. The shape and thickness of the nanosized coating layer on TiO2 are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, and the SiO2 nanoparticle behavior in terms of the before-and-after size distribution is measured using a particle size analyzer. The color measurements of the SiO2 pigment are performed using UV-visible spectroscopy.

Pleurotus eryngii, a white rot fungus, produces two extracellular lignin-degrading enzymes, laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP). Owing to these enzymes, P. eryngii efficiently degrades synthetic chemicals such as azo, phthalocyanine, and triphenyl methane dyes. In this study, we investigated the degradation processes of four aromatic dyes, congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), and malachite green (MG), by P. eryngii under solid and liquid culture conditions. CR and MG were the most quickly degraded under solid and liquid culture conditions, respectively. However, compared to CR, CV, and MG, MB was not degraded well under both culture conditions. The activities of ligninolytic enzymes (laccase and MnP) were also investigated. Laccase was identified to be the major enzyme for dye degradation. A positive relationship between decolorization and enzyme activity was observed for CR, MB, and CV degradation. In contrast, decolorization of MG ensued after high enzyme activity. These results indicate that the degradation process differs between MG and the other aromatic dyes. Therefore, P. eryngii could be a potential tool for the bioremediation of synthetic aromatic dye effluent.

Herein, a facile bottom–up approach for producing nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) was carried out by the hydrothermal treatment of microcrystalline cellulose, in the presence of different nitrogen sources (blank/urea/ammonia water/ethanediamine(EDA)/Hexamethylenetetramine). The result showed that the fluorescence intensity and quantum yields (QYs) of N-CQDs with different nitrogen sources are all higher than that without nitrogen source. Compared with the other three nitrogen sources, N-CQDs prepared by EDA not only have the highest fluorescence intensity but also the largest QYs of 51.39%. Therefore, EDA was chosen as the nitrogen source to prepare N-CQDs. The obtained N-CQDs are uniform spherical particles with a diameter of 2.76 nm. The N-CQDs also exhibit excitation-dependent and long-wave emission properties. The emission range of N-CQDs is 470–540 nm. Moreover, N-CQDs as fluorescent agents successfully acted on purple LEDs (λem = 365 nm) to achieve white LEDs light emission. At the same time, a fluorescent thin layer chromatography plate was successfully prepared using N-CQDs, silica gel G and Sodium carboxymethylcellulose as raw materials. The separation trajectory of mixed sample of Sudan red III and kerosene on the fluorescent TLC plate is obviously clearer than that of the TLC plate.

Uniform scions and rootstocks should be produced to ensure grafting success. Light quality is an important environmental factor that regulates seedling growth. The effects of warm- and cool-white light emitting diode (LED) ratios on seedling growth were investigated. Scions and rootstocks of cucumber, tomato, and watermelon were grown in a closed transplant production system using LED as the sole lighting source. The LED treatments were W1C0 (only warm-white), W1C1 (warm-white: cool-white = 1:1), W3C1 (warm-white: cool-white = 3:1), and W5C2 (warm-white: cool-white = 5:2). The seedlings grown in W1C1 had the shortest hypocotyls, and the seedlings grown in W1C0 had the longest hypocotyls among the three tested vegetables. The hypocotyls of watermelon scions, watermelon rootstocks, and tomato rootstocks were shortest in W1C1, followed by those in W3C1, W5C2, and W1C0, but there was no significant difference between W3C1 and W5C2, which remained the same as the ratio of cool-white LEDs increased. In addition, tomato scions had the first and second longest hypocotyls in W1C0 and W3C1, respectively, and the shortest hypocotyls in W5C2 and W1C1, along with W5C2 and W1C1, although the difference was not significant. The stem diameter was highest in W1C0 except for tomato seedlings and rootstocks of watermelon. The shoot fresh weight of scions and rootstocks of cucumber and watermelon and the root fresh weight of cucumber scions were lowest in W1C1. These results indicated that different ratios of LED lighting sources had a strong effect on the hypocotyl elongation of seedlings.