곤충의 온도발육모형은 해충의 발생예찰모형을 비롯한 개체군모형에서 기본이 되는 요소이다. 본고에서는 곤충의 온도의존적 비선형 발육 모형에 대하여 고찰하였다. 모형의 종류를 크게 경험모형과 생물리적 모형으로 구분하였으며, 수식의 유사성 내지 기원에 대한 유연관계에 따라 세분하였다. 발육률 곡선의 형태적 묘사에 적합한 수식을 적용하는 경험모형은 Stinner-계열, Logan-계열, 수행모형, 그리고 베타 분포모형으로 세분화하여 고찰하였다. 촉매반응을 바탕으로 하고 있는 생물리적 모형은 Eyring-모형, SM-모형, SS-모형, SSI-모형으로 이어지는 단계통으로 분류하였다. 본 연구에 포함된 각 모형의 개발과정과 형태적합 특성에 대하여 기술하였다.

본 연구는 플라즈마-촉매 및 오존 처리공정을 이용하여‘홍로’사과 저장과정에서 발생되는 에틸렌 을 제거하고자 하였다.‘홍로’사과는 저장온도가 증가할수록 호흡속도가 빨라져 산소농도는 급격히 감소하고 이산화탄소와 에틸렌 농도는 증가하였다. 특히, 저장온도 20℃에서 90시간 저장 후 산소가 모두 소모되었으며, 이산화탄소 농도는 약 20%로 증가하였다. 플라즈마-촉매와 오존 처리는 에틸렌 제거에 효과적인 것으로 나타났으나, 오존 처리의 경우 사과표면에 반점이 생기는 문제가 발생하였 다.‘홍로’사과의 품질 분석결과 가용성 고형분과 산도는 무 처리군에서 다소 높게 나타났으며, 경도 는 플라즈마-촉매 처리군와 오존 처리군에서 다소 높게 분석되었다. 하지만 유의적 차이는 나타내지 않았다.

This study aimed to provide volatile flavor compounds of three onion products through thermal process and alcohol fermentation, to meet the quality standard of onion products. The identified components of onion extracts (OE) included 49 (18 sulfur-containing compounds, 5 alcohols, 8 acids, 3 ketones, 4 esters, 4 aromatic compounds, 2 aldehydes, 1 pyrazines and 4 miscellaneous compounds), and 55 (17 sulfur-containing compounds, 15 alcohols, 5 acids, 11 ketones, 3 aromatic compounds, 2 aldehydes and 1 pyrazine) in autoclave-sterilized onion extracts (SOE); and 69 (10 sulfur-containing compounds, 27 alcohols, 11 acids, 11 ketones, 6 esters, 1 aromatic compound and 3 pyrazines) in onion wine (OW), respectively. Among the major flavor classes, sulfur-containing compounds (36.8%), acids (31.3%) and aldehydes (13.6%) in OE were changed to alcohols (46.5%) and ketones (27.3%) in SOE whereas, alcohols (56.3%) and acids (26.6%) in OW. Moreover, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone were highly detected in SOE whereas, acetic acid, 3-methylbutanol, 2-phenylethanol and 1,2,3-propanetriol in OW.

The concern on the greenhouse gas emissions is increasing globally. Especially, the greenhouse gas emission from fisheries is an important issue due to Cancun Agreements Mexico in 1992 and the Kyoto protocol in 2005. Furthermore, the Korean government has a plan to reduce the GHG emissions as 5.2% compared to the BAU in fisheries until 2020. However, the investigation on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries has not been executed much. Therefore, the quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from Korean fishery industry is needed as the first step to find a relevant way to reduce GHG emissions from fisheries. The purpose of this research is to investigate which degree of GHG emitted from the major coastal fisheries such as coastal gillnet fishery, coastal dual purpose fishery, coastal pots fishery and coastal small scale stow net fishery. Here, we calculated the GHG emission from the fisheries using the LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) method. The system boundary and input parameters for each process level are defined for LCA analysis. The fuel use coefficients of the fisheries are also calculated according to the fuel type. The GHG emissions from sea activities by the fisheries will be dealt with. Furthermore, the GHG emissions for the unit weight of fishes are also calculated with consideration to the different consuming areas. The results will be helpful to understand the circumstances of GHG emissions from Korean fisheries.

This study investigates the main growth mechanism of InP during InP/ZnS reaction of quantum dots (QDs). The size of the InP core, considering a synthesis time of 1-30 min, increased from the initial 2.56 nm to 3.97 nm. As a result of applying the proposed particle growth model, the migration mechanism, with time index 7, was found to be the main reaction. In addition, after the removal of unreacted In and P precursors from bath, further InP growth (of up to 4.19 nm (5%)), was observed when ZnS was added. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the synthesized InP/ZnS quantum dots was found to be relatively uniform, measuring about 59 nm. However, kinetic growth mechanism provides limited information for InP / ZnS core shell QDs, because the surface state of InP changes with reaction time. Further study is necessary, in order to clearly determine the kinetic growth mechanism of InP / ZnS core shell QDs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ionized calcium treatment on total bacterial cross-contamination of chicken carcass surface in the slaughtering process. The growth of Escherichia coli was strongly inhibited in a medium prepared by using a 0.5% ionized calcium solution. The total bacterial cross-contamination of chicken carcass surface and the scalding water was significantly increased as the number of scalding was increased (p<0.05). The total bacterial cross-contamination of chicken carcass surface reached a plateau without a further increase as scalding was performed consecutively for 10 or more times. The total bacterial cross-contamination of the scalding water was significantly increased as the number of scalding was increased (p<0.05). The total bacterial cross-contamination of chicken carcass surface of the chickens raised on a floor type farm was significantly higher than that of the chickens raised in a battery cages (p<0.05). The total bacterial cross-contamination of chicken carcass surface of the chickens raised on a floor type farm was significantly lower in the 0.5% ionized calcium solution treatment group than in the control group (p<0.05).

The purpose of this study is to seek how to improve KSL curriculum through the analysis of SSL curriculum. This study compared SSL and KSL curriculums in terms of education system, policy, language assessment, purposes and learner groups, operation cases, and teacher education. Some of the findings are as follows: 1) Swedish curriculum system is relatively simple compared with the Korean counterpart; 2) for policy, the Swedish national test is administered every three years in elementary and secondary schools, which gives learners a motivation to learn Swedish; 3) for purposes and learner groups, SSL curriculum is focused on the functions of language learning rather than culture and social identity compared with KSL curriculum; 4) for assessment, SSL specified the contents and levels of evaluation depending on grades while KSL curriculum does not have a complete assessment. and 5) for teacher education, the two countries recognized the necessity of professionalism in teaching: Sweden started new curriculum since 2011, where 4-5 year SSL teacher programs for youths have been operated, but KSL teacher education mainly targeted programs for adults and qualified teachers.

The paper observes that grammatical competence has been interpreted as the ability to judge grammaticality ever since the employment of communicative competence as the core basis of curriculum design in the 6th national English curriculum of Korea. It contends that this interpretation is different from what has been widely accepted in the literature on grammatical competence, that is, the ability to understand and express propositional meaning of utterances. The study suggests that a new and fresh look at grammatical competence needs to be taken in developing and implementing the national English curriculum which is to provide English learners in Korea with more potential opportunities for success in acquiring communicative competence.

A discourse on the Independence Hall of Korea, a representative cultural project of the 1980s, has been understood as a repetition of the traditional debate of the 1960s. It was considered as a petrified propaganda aimed at ensuring the fragile legitimacy of the military regime, and the architect as a sympathizer. Even if all these facts are true, it does not give any explanation for the architecture. Scrutinizing the building process and the change of discourse in the Independence Hall of Korea, this paper tries to explore a section of contemporary Korean architecture in the 1980s. The architect who designed the Independence Hall of Korea is Kim Kiwoong, however, it was Kim Won who took charge of overall scheme for it. Kim Won replaced the role of a technocrat in the 1960s, who deprived architects of his autonomy. Against this backdrop, Kim Kiwoong attempted to explain his own building via various concept like postmodernism, which gave him very proper context. But, later, he appropriated words like void and madang. These derived from some architectural historian’s researches in 1970s, and were to predict the architecture of the 1990s.

The purposes of this study were to investigate the influences of channel assessments on the usage of multi-channels by product types, and the differences in the usage of multi-channels among product types in buying decision making process for fashion products. Data were collected from 510 consumers in their 20s to 50s with purchasing experiences through multi-channel distribution system and living in Seoul and Kyunggi province; 491 were analyzed after deleting incomplete questionnaires. Factor analysis, multiple regression analysis and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis by using SPSS 18.0. The results were as follows: 5 factors were extracted for channel assessment: utility, accuracy, risk, price benefit and sharing information. Price benefits, utility and sharing information for online channel tended to influence positively on the usage of online channel and online+offline channels. Accuracy and low perceived risk of offline influenced positively on offline and on+offline channel usages. The usage levels of on-line and off-line channels for cosmetics were significantly lower than the usage levels for clothes and accessories on information search, evaluation of alternatives, and purchase stages. Significant differences were also found in the usage levels of multi-channels (on+off-line) on information search and evaluation of alternatives stages. The usage levels of the multi-channels for clothes were the highest followed by those of accessories and cosmetics in order.

우리나라 최초의 근대적 잡지는 1908년 최남선이 창간한 소년(少年)지였다. 소년은 경영 및 편집이 체계를 갖추었고, 체제나 내용이 혁신적이었으며, 학회 및 단체의 기관지가 아닌 독립적 상태에서 불특 정한 다수의 독자를 대상으로 한 잡지라는 점을 들어 근대 종합잡지의 효시로 평가한다. 소년(少年) 폐간 이후 발간된 청춘(靑春)과 태서문예신보(泰西文藝新報)는 각각 대중 교양 계몽지, 문예전문지 로서 큰 의의를 지닌다. 1919년 3･1 독립운동 이후 일본이 문화정치(文化政治)를 표방하는 유화책을 쓰 면서 신문과 잡지의 발행이 허용되어 동아일보, 조선일보, 시대일보 등의 신문과 개벽(開闢), 조선지 광(朝鮮之光) 등의 잡지가 발행되었다. 개벽(開闢)은 천도교를 기반으로 하였지만 천도교뿐 아니라 민족주의, 사회주의를 아우르는 통합적 면모를 보여주었고, 이를 경계한 식민당국의 탄압으로 폐간 당 하였다. 조선지광(朝鮮之光)은 사회주의 사상을 표방하였으며, 조선문단(朝鮮文壇)은 이광수가 주재 한 문예잡지로 민족주의적 경향을 보여주었다. 1920년대 창조(創造), 폐허(廢墟), 백조(白潮) 등의 동인지는 문학 동인들을 중심으로 다양한 문학 관과 다양한 경향의 작품들이 발표되었다. 동인지는 전문적 문예지의 탄생을 의미하며 문학작품을 발표 할 수 있는 지면의 확대와 더불어 문학작품이 예술 장르로서 독립적 위치를 차지하게 되었다는 의의를 지닌다. 순문예 월간지로 발행된 문장(文章)은 일제 말기 암흑기의 문단을 밝히는 등불 같은 존재였지 만 조선어 사용을 금지하는 등 일본 식민지 당국의 민족혼 말살 정책과 같은 탄압을 견디지 못하고 자 진 폐간함으로써 민족적 자존심을 지켰지만 해방이 될 때까지 우리 문학의 명맥이 일시 단절되었다는 점에서 아쉬움을 남겼다.

Quality assessment of sweet persimmon or “Fuyu” was evaluated over room temperature distribution periods after 40-day storage at 0oC cold room. All Hunter’s values (L, a, and b) of sweet persimmon were significantly decreased after 4-day room temperature distribution while the flesh firmness was drastically decreased after 3-day room temperature distribution. Glucose and fructose contents were significantly increased by the degradation of sucrose after 3-day room temperature distribution. The highest extraction yield was obtained in the flesh of persimmon. Extraction yields of each part of “Fuyu” persimmon were 15.53% for flesh, 10.53 for seed, and 13.83 for flower bud. However, the total phenolic content of flesh was 4.8 μg/mg which was extremely lower than that of the seed (175.5 μg/ mg) and flower bud (178.2 μg/mg) of sweet persimmon. With high phenolic content, both the flower bud and seed of sweet persimmon showed excellent antioxidant activities by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis( 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging test. The results showed a great potential for byproducts (seed and flower bud) of long-term, cold-stored sweet persimmon “Fuyu” as a good antioxidant material for novel functional foods.

This study attempts to draw factors for an analysis of the operation effect of a rechlorination facility and autodrain equipment for residual chlorine equalization by installing and operating a rechlorination facility and autodrain equipment in P City and analyzing the practical evaluation method and operation effect. For this purpose, this study selected three indicators for an analysis of the effectiveness of residual chlorine equalization and conducted a comparative analysis before and after the implementation of the residual chlorine equalization. As a result of estimation, ① the reduction of the residual chlorine concentration range from a water treatment plant to the pipe end was 16.0%; ② the total reduction of chlorination input was 18.0%; and ③ the reduction of the generation of disinfection by-products was 19.5%. In addition, this achieved enough residual chlorine equalization in the supply process and shows that it could successfully achieve the economic feasibility of investment in equipment and the reduction of the generation of disinfection by-products. Like this, it is judged that the three indicators suggested in this study will be used sufficiently as indicators of an analysis of the effectiveness of residual chlorine equalization according to the operations of the rechlorination facility and autodrain equipment.

이 논문은 양구 고대리유적의 자료를 중심으로 북한강유역 청동기시대 천전리식 주거의 출현과정을 검 토한 글이다. 이에 앞서 양구 고대리유적에서 조사된 주거지 중 점토다짐구역이 시설되었으나 평면형태상 천전리식 주거와 차이를 보이는 동시에 정형성을 보이는 주거 형태를 고대리식 주거라 명명하였으며, 단계설정과 편년을 통해 고대리식 주거의 시간적 위치를 부여하고 점토다짐구역의 변화가 갖는 의미를 살펴 보았다. 고대리유적은 유물양상을 통해 총 4단계로 구분하였다. 이 중 고대리식 주거는 2단계에 출현해 역삼동식 주거와 공존함과 동시에 천전리식 주거의 이른 형태가 출현한다. 그러나 유물은 여전히 전기 후반의 양상을 보이며 천전리식 주거와 병존하는 3단계에서야 전환기적인 양상의 유물이 확인된다. 이러한 양상 을 종합해 2단계를 전기 후반~중기 전반, 3단계를 중기 전반으로 편년하였고, 고대리식 주거는 천전리식 주거가 정착한 4단계 중기 후반 이후 급격히 소멸한다. 고대리식 주거의 점토다짐구역은 2~3단계를 거치면서 평면형태상 점진적인 변화과정을 겪는다. 특히 주거지 내부 저장공의 위치가 점토다짐구역 외측으로 이동하는 현상과 유물분포양상은 주거의 규모 및 장단비 축소와 점진적인 공간의 기능분화에서 비롯된 점 토다짐구역의 축소와 이동현상으로 파악된다. 이상에서 그간 역삼동식 주거의 영향 하에 자체 발생한 것으로 유추했던 천전리식 주거는 역삼동식-고대리식 ․ 용암리식-천전리식 주거로 이어지는 시간적 ․ 계통적 연결선상에 있으며, 고대리식 주거는 용암 리식 주거와 더불어 천전리식 주거의 출현과정에서 상이한 공간분화를 거친 과도기적 주거형태로 판단된다.