기후변화가 우리나라의 논 관개요구량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 기상연구소의 SRES A2 시나리오에 대한 고해상도 () 기후 자료와 기준년도 (1971~2000)의 관측 기상자료를 이용하였다. 기상연구소가 전지구모형 ECHO-G 예측자료를 MM5 모형으로 역학적으로 상세화한 결과를 이용하였다. 논 관개요구량의 공간적인 변화를 분석하기 위하여 GIS 기법을 이용하였다. 연구결과는 벼 생육기간의 평균기온은 기준년도에 비해 (2020s), (2050s)

Root yield and quality of ginseng cultured in paddy soil was low relatively compared with that of upland soil because of moisture injury in root during rainy season. Drainage class in soils generally divided into 6 classes, and it is possible to cultivate ginseng practically in imperfectly drainage class (IDC). This study carried out to select the varieties that is suitable for paddy soil, which is easy to be generated rusty-colored root and physiological-discolored leaf. Experiment plot arranged with the condition of soil humidity contents such as poorly drainage class (PDC) and imperfectly drainage class (IDC), and upland soil. Growth characteristics and root yield were investigated in four-year-old ginseng of varieties, Cheonpoong (CP), Yeonpoong (YP), Hwangsookjong (HS), and Jakyeongjong (JK). CP among four varieties showed the highest yield in IDC and CP was the lowest ratio in leaf discoloration and rusty-colored root. HS was followed by CP in the order of root yield, but it had the weakness that the ratio of rusty-colored root was high respectively.

Identification of probability distribution for water quality constituents from specific land use is important to achieve successful implementation of TMDL program. In this 3-year study, distribution of discharge and BOD(Biological Oxygen Demand) concentration from paddy rice fields were monitored. Four probability distributions, normal, log-normal, Gamma and Weibull were fitted and the goodness-of-fit was assessed using probability plots and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. EMCs of BOD in runoff from paddy field ranged 0.37 to 7.99 mgL -1 , and all four probability distributions were acceptable. But the normal distribution would be preferred for BOD from paddy fields considering nature of straight forward application.

논을 밭으로 1년 전환 후 다시 논으로 복원한 논에서의 벼의 생육촉진 및 질소흡수 증가의 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 복원논 1년 및 2년차인 2006년 및 2007년에 복원논 및 연작논을 대상으로 질소비료를 0, 3, 6 kg 10a1 시용하여 벼의 생육량, 질소흡수량, 쌀의 수량 및 단백질 함량 등을 조사하였는데 결과는 다음과 같다. 연작논에 비해 복원논에서 복원 1년 및 2년차 모두 벼의 초기생육이 크게 증가하여 유수형성기 건물중 및 질소함량이 증가하였으며, 복원논에서도 질소시비량 증가에 따라 건물중 및 질소량이 증가하여 질소시비량 6 kg 10a1까지 질소시비 효과가 뚜렷이 나타났는데, 복원논 1년차 및 2년차의 질소무비구의 건물중 및 질소흡수량은 각각 연작논의 질소시비량 6 및 3 kg 10a1와 동일한 값을 나타내었다. 수확기에서의 벼의 건물중 및 질소흡수량도 유수형성기와 비슷한 경향을 보였으며, 질소시비 방법으로는 같은 량의 질소시비량이라도 전량을 기비로 시용한 것보다 유수형성기에 추비로 3 kg 10a1를 시용한구가 질소흡수량이 다소 높았다. 수량구성요소에서는 연작논에 비해 복원논에서 벼의 수당립수가 증가하는 경향이었으며, 질소시비량이 많아질수록 등숙율이 감소하였는데, 특히 질소흡수량이 많았던 복원논-질소시비량 6 kg 10a1 구에서의 등숙비율이 많이 감소하였다. 벼의 수량도 복원논이 연작논에 비해 복원 1년차 및 2년차 모두 연작논보다 증가하였는데, 복원 1년차는 질소시비량간 벼수량의 차이가 없었지만, 복원 2년차에는 무질소시비구에서 벼의 수량이 다소 감소하였다. 현미 및 백미의 단백질 함량은 복원논이 연작논보다, 질소시비량이 증대할수록 높아졌는데, 질소시비방법에서는 질소시비량 모두 3, 6 kg 10a1 모두 유수형성기에서 추비로 3 kg 10a1를 준 구에서 높아 질소흡수량이 많은 복원논에서 질소를 추비로 줄 때 단백질함량이 증대할 위험성이 높았다.

Silage corn can make good livestock feed. Anytime drought occurs during the growing season, corn grain yields will be affected. The extent of the loss will depend on stage of grow and the length of time the crop is subject to droughty conditions. During times of extended drought when grain yield potential is sever limited or nonexistent, the plants may still offer a valuable source of nutrients for livestock provided careful attention is given to how it is harvested and fed. As a rule, drought-damaged corn will have 85 to 95 percent of the feeding value of normal corn silage. Ideally, corn silage would be 60 to 70 percent moisture at harvest. Dry conditions around the state cause many corn producers to wonder about making silage from drought-damaged corn. Although silage made from drought-damaged corn is usually not as good as that made from unstress corn, drought -damaged corn can make good livestock feed. This experiment was carried out to know adaptability and forage production and quality of corn hybrid for silage at paddy field of Chonnam Province. As a result of experiment, production of silage corn reduced more than 60% compared to that of normal condition.

Direct-seeding method on dry paddy soil could make rice farming large-scale cultivation and cost-saving, but it has still some problems on poor seedling establishment caused by low temperature and varying sowing depth. This research was carried out to identify weedy rice genetic resources that may help to poor seedling establishment in direct-seeded rice on dry paddy soil in temperate region. The genetic resources screened in this study were 128 accessions that consist of 92 japonica weedy rices, 24 indica weedy rices, and 12 Korean bred cultivars.The weedy rices on average have very superior abilities to emerge form depth than cultivated rice. The germplasm showed that the coleoptile or/and mesocotyl lengths were positively correlated with emergence rate to a high degree. Among the germplasm, WD-3, a japonica weedy rice, evidenced the highest level of emergence with the longest coleoptile and mesocotyl elongation. The emergence ability of WD-3 depending on the burial depth under low temperature condition was confirmed in both the phytotron and the field conditions. WD-3 showed 100% of emergence rate until a burial deptho f 7 cm in the dry soil in the phytotron, and 76.2 % of very high emergence rate in the total layer of paddy field where the seeds were sown from the surface to 10 cm depth. In the emerged plants in the field, the mesocotyl elongation increased with increasing burial depth in a logarithmic fashion, and the coleoptile extension increased exponentially. The total elongation lengths of the mesocotyl and coleoptile were similar with a plant burial depth, which indicated that they could induce the safe emergence of the main leaf of the seedling from the soil to thesurface. Conclusively, the elongation habit of mesocotyl and coleoptile of WD-3 could be one of the important characteristics to develop direct-seeding cultivars.

These experiments were conducted to get high production and quality of whole crop winter cereals, Oat, Wheat and Triticale, in the paddy field. These three whole crop winter cereals are got later harvest than whole crop barley, so there are more production of forage. Its harvest time was the end of May or the early of June in the south area of Korea. Mixed cultivations of Oat and Wheat (MCOW) was got more production over 15 percents in the dry wight, and then contents of crude protein (CP) in MCOW were higher than single cultivation of Oat. And Relative feed values (RFV) of MCOW were higher than single cultivation of Oat. Mixed cultivations of Oat and Triticale (MCOT) were got more production over 7 percents in the dry wight than single cultivations of Oat, but contents of CP in MCOT were not changed in all plots. And RFVs of MCOT were higher than single cultivations of Oat.

This study was conducted to investigate the variation of rice quality and the effect of labor-saving by using slow-releasing fertilizer when doing direct drill seeding on flooded paddy surface by large scale direct drill seeding machine in Honam plain area. The results obtained by changing the amount of slow-releasing fertilizer in 2008, 2009 are as follows. Considering rice growth, head rice yield and rice quality, the optimum amount of slow-releasing fertilizer was 7kg/10a, when doing direct drill seeding on flooded paddy surface in southern plain area of Korea. When using slow-releasing fertilizer 7kg/10a, the protein content became lower, and head rice ratio became higher than that of conventional nitrogen split application method as basal fertilization, top dressing at tillering stage, fertilization at panicle initiation stage.

인삼 논재배 안전생산기술을 개발하기 위해 배수불량지와 배수약간불량지 논토양에서 청3+흑1중직 차광망, 청색차광지 및 은박차광판 해가림을 처리하여 3년생 천풍의 생육특성 및 진세노사이드 함량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 해가림 유형별 투광량과 기온은 차광지 > 은박차광판 > 차광망 순이었다. 배수불량지의 토양수분장력은 평균 64mbar (절대토양수분함량 25%)로 과습한 조건이었으며, 배수약간불량지에서는 평균 123 mbar (절대수분함량 17%)이었다. 배수불량지의 토양수분장력은 계절과 해가림 유형별 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았지만 배수약간불량지에서는 60~200 mbar의 범위에서 계절적 변화를 보였으며, 해가림유형에 따라 약간의 차이를 보였다. 배수불량지의 수량성은 황증과 적변 발생율의 증가로 배수약간불량지보다 현저히 감소되었다. 해가림 유형별 수량성은 배수불량지에서 차광지가, 배수약간불량지에서 차광망이 가장 높았다. 적변 발생율은 배수등급과 해가림 유형에 따라 일정한 경향이 없었다. 배수불량지는 Panaxatriol 계열 (Rg1, Re 및 Rf)의 진세노사이드 함량이 감소되고 Panaxadiol 계열 (Rb1, Rc 및 Rd)의 함량이 증가되었다. 총 진세노사이드 함량은 배수불량지보다 배수약간불량지에서 높았으며, 해가림 유형별 총 진세노사이드 함량은 배수등급에 관계없이 차광지에서 가장 높았다.

자운영 안전입모수 확보를 위한 벼 낙수시기를 기준 자운영 파종적기를 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 벼 낙수 전 5일~ 낙수 후 5일 사이에 파종시 자운영 종자가 발아를 할 수 있는 충분한 토양수분이 있어 월동후 평균 입모수 및 월동율은 각각 530~670 개/m2 , 79.1~82.8% 로 높아 낙수 10일 이후 파종 보다 입모수 확보에 유리하였다. 2. 월동후 전생육기간 파종시기별 자운영 건물중도 낙수 전 5일~ 낙수후 5일에서 573~746kg /10a으로 높아 17.0~20.5kg /10a 질소를 생산할 수 있었다. 3. 자운영 종자를 너무 늦은 10월초나 낙수 10일이후에 뿌리면 자운영 종자가 출아를 하는데 온도가 낮고 수분이 부족하여 생육부진으로 월동율이 낮아 자운영 입모수가 부족하였다. 4. 낙수 10일전에 너무 일찍 파종해도 출아를 한 자운영이 습해를 받아 입모가 불량하였다. 5. 종자수량도 낙수 전 5일~ 낙수후 5일에 파종시 24.2~30.8kg /10a으로 높았으나 낙수후 10일 이후 파종은 종자 생산량도 19.4 kg/10a으로 낮았다. 따라서 자운영 안전 입모수 확보, 월동율, 건물생산성을 고려한 자운영 파종적기는 낙수전 5일(9월 20일)~ 낙수후 5일(9월 30일)이었다.

This study was conducted to assess water movement in paddy-upland rotation soil scheduled for ginseng cultivation through the measurement of infiltration and permeability of soil water. Soil sample was divided with four soil layers. The first soil layer (to 30cm from top soil) was loamy sand, the second and the third soil layers (30~70 ㎝) were sand, and the fourth (〈 120 ㎝) was sandy loam. The soil below 130 ㎝ of fourth soil layer was submerged under water. The shear strength, which represents the resisting power of soil against external force, was 3.1 kPa in the first soil layer. This corresponded to 1/8 of those of another soil layer and this value could result in soil erosion by small amount of rainfall. The rates of infiltration and permeability depending on soil layers were 39.86 cm hr-1 in top soil, 2.34 cm hr-1 in 30~70 ㎝ soil layer, 5.23 cm hr-1 and 0.18 cm hr-1 in 70~120 ㎝ soil layer, with drain tile, and without drain tile, respectively. We consider that ground water pooled in paddy soil and artificial formation of soil layer could interrupt water canal within soil and affect negatively on water movement. Therefore, we suggest that to drain at 5 m intervals be preferable when it makes soil dressing or soil accumulation to cultivate ginseng in paddy-upland rotation soil to reduce failure risk of ginseng cultivation.

논토양에서 적응하는 품종 선발과 재배기술을 개발하기 위해 배수등급이 다른 논토양(배수 불량지와 배수 약간불량지)에서 천풍, 연풍, 황숙종, 자경종 등 4 품종을 사용하여 2년생 인삼의 생육특성 및 수량성과 뿌리의 진세노사이드 함량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 배수등급에 따라 지상부 생존율과 황증 발생율은 뚜렷한 차이를 보여 배수불량지에서는 지상부 생존율이 저하되고 황증 발생율이 증가하였는데, 배수불량지에서 황숙종은 지상부 생존율이 가장 높고 황증 발생율이 가장 낮았으며, 연풍은 지상부 생존율이 가장 낮고 황증 발생율이 가장 높았다. 2. 배수불량지에서는 배수약간불량지에 비해 지상부가 일찍 고사된 관계로 주당 근중이 작고 수량성도 뚜렷이 감소되었는데, 배수불량지에서의 수량성은 자경종 > 천풍 > 연풍 > 황숙종 순으로 자경종과 천풍의 수량성이 높았으며, 배수약간불량지에는 천풍 > 연풍 > 자경종 > 황숙종 순으로 천풍과 연풍의 수량성이 높았다. 3. 적변율은 배수등급보다는 품종 간에 더 큰 차이를 보였는데, 천풍과 자경종의 적변율은 비교적 작은 반면 연풍과 황숙종은 매우 큰 특징을 보였다. 4. 근 비대가 불량했던 배수불량지는 배수약간불량지보다 진세노사이드 함량이 증가되었는데, 배수불량지에서 품종별 총 진세노사이드 함량은 연풍 > 천풍 > 자경종 > 황숙종 순이었고 배수약간불량지에서는 연풍 > 자경종 > 천풍 > 황숙종 순으로 배수조건에 관계없이 연풍이 가장 높고 황숙종이 가장 낮았으며, 천풍과 자경종은 서로 비슷하였다.

본 연구는 30개의 고품질 벼 품종을 공시하여 영남 남부 평야지에서 이앙시기의 차이가 도정특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 우리나라에서 재배되는 고품질 벼 품종 중에서 도정특성이 우수한 유전자원을 탐색하고자 수행하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 만기(6월 20일) 이앙시 보통기 이앙에 비하여(6월 5일) 출수가 6일 늦어지면서 등숙율과 백미 완전립비율, 완전미 도정수율이 증가하여 수당립수의 감소에 따른 쌀수량의 차이가 컸음에도 불구하고 완전미 쌀수량은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 2. 현미 선별체를 이용한 현미립의 두께에 따른 분포특성은 보통기 이앙에 비하여 만기 이앙에서 1.6~1.9mm 두께의 현미립이 줄고, 1.9 mm 이상 두께의 현미립이 증가하여 균일도가 향상되었다. 3. 보통기와 만기 이앙간에 도정 손실율의 차이는 없었으나, 도정에 소요되는 시간이 만기 이앙에서 증가하였다. 4. 도정특성이 우수한 유망유전자원으로 남평벼, 일미벼, 추청벼, 동진벼, 호평, 말그미, 칠보, 히노히까리, 청무 등 9품종을 선정하였다. 5. 등숙율은 추청벼, 동진벼, 밀양 205호가 90% 이상으로 가장 양호 하였으며, 백미 완전립비율은 남평벼가 95%로서 가장 좋았고, 완전미 쌀수량은 남평벼와 일미벼가 500 kg/10a 이상으로 가장 높았다.

To selection of optimal shading material, two-year-old ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) of new cultivar, 'Cheonpoong' (CP), and native species 'Hwangsookjong' (HS) were cultured under three kinds of shading materials such as three-layered blue and a one-layered black PE (polyethylene) net (TBSB), blue PE sheet (BS), and aluminium coated PE sheet (AS) in imperfectly drained paddy soil. Growth characteristics, yield and ginsenoside contents were investigated under three shading materials. Yield and ginsenoside contents of ginseng were distinctly affected by intensity and quality of sunlight penetrated through shading materials. Light transmission ratio, air and soil temperature according to shading materials were higher in order of BS, AS, and TBSB. However, ratio of aerial phase and porosity of the soil were higher in order of AS, BS, and TBSB, respectively. There was no significantly difference in the ratio of rusty colored root by shading materials. CP showed higher stem length, leaf area, and root weight than that of HS, while the former showed distinctly lower discolored leaf ratio than that the other. Eight kinds of ginsenosides content of CP were higher than that of HS in Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1 and Rc except Rg2, Rb2, and Rb3. Total ginsenoside contents of CP was distinctly higher than that of HS. Total ginsenoside contents as affected by shading materials was higher in order of BS, TBSB, and AS in CP, while TBSB, BS, and AS in HS.

The growth period of corn is so shorter than that of any other crops. So, corn is the most promising crop in upland cropping systems. However, there was not so much in basic informations related to cultivation method including seeding period. This study was undertaken to investigate how different seeding date affected the growth characteristics and yield in corn. Two corn varieties(Chalok 4, Ilmichal) were planted on 6 different seeding date(from April 11 to July 10) in upland and paddy field. The total growth period was the longest(105 days) on the seeding date of April 11 regardless of testing varieties and cultivation condition. The total growth period was ranged from 77 days to 86 days in other seeding dates. The commercial yield of corn was higher in paddy field than that of upland field. In consideration of economic productivity, it was concluded that seeding date can be possible from early in April to middle of July in middle and south plain regions.

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum application time of basal fertilization in direct-seeded rice on flooded paddy surface at medium saline soil in southwestern reclaimed saline area which is Munpo series and have 0.3 or more soil salinity. The nitrogen fertilizer level were 14, 17, 20kg per 10a, and the basal fertilization were applied before sowing, 10, 20, 30 days after sowing along with topdressing at tillering stage, respectively. The summarized experimental results are as follows. Seedling stand was proper when basal fertilization was applied before sowing, but lower than appropriate seedling stand when basal fertilization were applied 10, 20, 30 days after sowing along with topdressing at tillering stage. The rice yield were 509-541kg/10a when 14-20kg/10a basal fertilization was applied before sowing, and 368-481kg/10a when basal fertilization were applied 10, 20, 30 days after sowing along with topdressing at tillering stage. Considering the yield and salt injury at medium saline soil in southwestern reclaimed saline area, the application of basal fertilization before sowing was superior for improving seedling stand, and 14-20kg/10a fertilization rate was allowable.

Recently with increase tendency of direct sowing cultivation, lodging problem which affect to the high quality rice plant is again raising its ahead. In order to reduce this lodging problem there is a chemical method which uses plant growth retardant. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of lodging reduction as affected by plant growth retardant which is IBP-Metconazole (IPM) in direct-seeded rice on flooded paddy field. IPM treatment carried out 50, 40, 30 days before heading. Hexaconazole treatment carried out 30 days before heading. IPM treatment 30 days before heading resulted the shortest plant culm among the IPM treatments. 4 internode length was shorter by 3.75㎝ in IPM treatmenst than in control. breaking strength was not a difference from between IPM treatments but breaking strength was significantly increased by IPM treatments than control. IPM treatments increased yield 10~11% as compared with control. The protein contents of flag leaves by 2-DE were visually higher in the plot treated with the IPM application than in the plot control plot. The proteome approach to elucidate the mechanism which inhibited gibberellin synthase will be future performed in the on-going research.

Clay-coated rice seeds (clay-coated seeds A and B) were directly sown on dry paddy and their growth and yield were compared with the normal drill-sown seeds on dry flat paddy. In clay-coated seeds, germination was 1 day earlier and the emergence rate was higher up to 5% than that of normal drill-sown seeds. But the apparent number of seedling stand per m2 was lower than that of normal drill-sown seeds, which is due to the smaller amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds. At the early growth stage, the plant height of clay-coated seeds A was taller than that of drill-sown seeds, while the plant height of clay-coated seeds B was 0.7 cm shorter than that of drill-sown seeds. At the late growth stage, however, the difference was insignificant in both cases. The maximum tillering stage was 10 days earlier in drill-sown seeds. Lodging index was the lowest in clay-coated seeds B and there was no difference between clay-coated seeds A and drill-sown seeds. The ratio of stem base weight, culm diameter and culm wall thickness were higher in clay-coated seeds, while the lower internodes (4th, 5th and 6th) length was shorter in claycoated seeds than in drill-sown seeds. In clay-coated seeds, the number of panicle per m2 was smaller, while the number of spikelet per panicle was a little larger than in drill-sown seeds. The rate of ripened grain and brown rice 1,000 grain weight were lower in the clay-coated seeds, thus the yield was 98~99% level of drill-sown seeds. Considering that the amount of seeding in clay-coated seeds was two-thirds of that in drill-sown seeds, it is expected that clay coating method could become an additional technique for direct seeding cultivation.

The growth and yield performance of 19 new com hybrids were evaluated. Results showed that all hybrids had a superior growth performance in the drained-paddy than in the upland field except for daeyul × cheongdo and hyoryeong × cheongdo in plant height, cheongdoyeop × wx-3 in tassel1ength, and cheongdo (black) × wx-3 in number of tassel branch. The same hybrids, except cheongdoyeop × wx-3, obtained lower ear quality in drained-paddy field compared to upland in terms of ear weight, and ear and grain setting length. The highest yield in the drained-paddy and upland fields was obtained in the hybrids ks5wx × ks6wx × cheongdo (1,633.3kg · 10a-1) and daeyul × wx-3 (1,516.7kg · 10a-1), respectively. Highest yield among the wx-3 crosses was obtained in daeyul which was 1,583.3kg · 10a-1 and 1,516.7kg · 10a-1 in drained-paddy and upland field, respectively. For the crosses of wx-8, highest yields were recorded in the cultivar bugye50 (1,466.7kg · 10a-1) and seokgu12 (1,384.6kg · 10a-1) for drained-paddy and upland field, respectively. In the case of cheongdo, highest yields were obtained in ks5wx × ks6wx (1,633.3kg · 10a-1) and seokgu14 (1,111.1kg · 10a-1) for drained-paddy and upland field, respectively. Result also showed that the drained-paddy soil had better physicochemical properties than the upland. The relatively high performance in terms of growth parameters and yield of com hybrids planted in the drained-paddy field is in agreement with the higher organic matter and micro-element content of drained-paddy field.