In order to use as a new functional food material, we analyzed the chemical components including the organic compounds, minerals and Vitamin C of cherry and acacia honey which were produced in South Korea. The condensed rate of methanol extraction in honey was 87.51% of cherry honey and it was 93.06% of acacia honey. In the case of cherry honey, main organic compounds that extract by organic solvents in GCMS analysis were trichloromethane, propylcarbinol, methacide, cyclopentane, tetrafinol etc. and main aromatic compounds that extract by organic solvents in SPME analysis were formyl trichloride, propanal, furfurylaldehyde, pyrazole, benzenecarbonal etc. Also, in occasion of acacia honey, main organic compounds were trichloromethan, Acetoxyethane, Hexanaphthene, acetidin etc. and main aromatic compounds were Hydrazomethan, Azulene, Cyclotrisiloxane, Hydrazine etc. Proximate composition was crude protein 0.33%, crude fat 0.15%, crude ash 0.47% in cherry honey and crude protein 0.10%, crude fat 0.44%, crude ash 0.06% in acacia honey. Free sugar that analyze by HPLC was fructose 37.05%, glucose 27.29%, total sugars 64.34% in cherry honey and fructose 48.52%, glucose 24.29%, total sugars 72.81% in acacia honey. Vitamin C was not detected in two sample honeys. Minerals by ICP analysis were detected total 25 kinds in cherry honey, K 9.762 ppm¤Si 5.628 ppm ¤Na 5.096 ppm¤Ca 2.224 ppm etc. and total 22 kinds in sacacia honey, Na 4.527 ppm¤Si 3.420 ppm¤K 3.091 ppm¤Zn 1.482 ppm etc.

The adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was carried out using an activated carbon fiber (ACF) filter in an automobile. The adsorption capacities of formaldehyde, toluene, and benzene on an ACF filter were far better than those of a polypropylene (PP) mat filter and combined (PP+activated carbon) mat filter by batch adsorption in a gas bag. In a continuous flow of air containing toluene vapor through an ACF packed bed, the breakpoint time was very long, the length of the unused bed was short, and sharp "S" -type breakthrough curve was plotted soon after breakpoint, showing a narrow mass transfer zone of toluene on the ACF. The adsorption amount of toluene on the ACF filter was proportional to the specific surface area of the ACF; however, the development of mesopores 2-5 nm in size on the ACF was very effective with regard to the adsorption of toluene. The ACF air clarifier filter is strongly recommended to remove VOCs in newly produced automobiles.

비육돈사의 슬러리에 함유된 악취물질의 농도를 계절별로 비교하여 초지 및 농경지에 살포되는 분뇨의 악취강도를 예측하고자 수행되었다. 1.비육돈사의 슬러리에 함유된 휘발성유기물의 계절별 농도 비교페놀류 중 p-크레졸 농도는 봄, 여름 및 가을에 차이가 없었지만, 페놀, 인돌 및 스카톨 농도는 여름과 가을에 비해 봄에 높았다(p<0.05). 돼지 슬러리의 경우 p-크레졸과 스카톨이 악취강도에 큰 영향을 주기 때문에 계절에 따른 휘발성유기물의 악취강도 차이는 크지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 2.비육돈사의 슬러리에 함유된 휘발성지방산의 계절별 농도 비교휘발성지방산의 경우 악취강도가 높지 않은 단쇄지방산의 농도는 봄철이 여름과 가을보다 높았으나(p<0.05), 악취강도가 상대적으로 높은 이성체지방산의 농도는 계절별로 숫자적인 차이는 보였지만 통계적인 차이는 없었다(p> 0.05). 계절에 따라 휘발성지방산이 악취강도에 미치는 영향은 높지 않을 것으로 판단된다. 결과적으로 봄철에 악취물질의 농도가 더 높은 것은 온도, 환기 및 돈사내부로 유입되는 물의 양에 의한 것으로 추정되며, 여름철은 슬러리에서 생성되는 악취농도 보다 환기에 의해 휘산되는 양이 많아서 슬러리의 악취농도가 감소되거나 증가되지 않았을 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이상의 연구결과를 종합하면 비육돈사의 슬러리를 초지 또는 농경지에 살포하였을 때 계절에 의한 악취강도의 차이는 크지 않을 것으로 기대된다.

도시지역 합류식 하수배제 설비인 우수받이 및 하수관거, 정화조 등에는 유기성 고형 물이 퇴적되기 쉬우며, 유기성 퇴적물이 부패되는 과정에서 고농도의 황계열 악취물질이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 전기산화방식을 이용하여 유기성 퇴적물 내에 용존된 악취물질 및 전구물질을 저감시켜, 하수관거에서 기상으로 배출되는 악취 문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 실험실 규모의 밀폐된 회분식 반응기에 하수슬러지(COD 기준 8,000 ~ 28,000 mg·L-1)를 투입하고, 발생되는 악취물질 농도와 악취발생특성을 조사하였다. 여기에 전기산화시스템 을 적용하여 황계열 악취물질과 전체 유기물의 산화 및 분해실험을 진행하였다. 전기산 화 실험을 진행한 결과, 밀폐된 반응기의 기상에서 450 ppm의 고농도로 발생한 황화수 소가 반응 30분 이내에 검출한계 이하까지 제거되었으며, 메틸머켑탄과 디메틸설파이드 는 85% 이상 제거되었다. 투입된 전기에너지당 황계열 악취물질의 제거율은 최대 0.33 mg-S·kJ-1로 나타났다. 또한 1시간의 반응기간 동안 회분식 반응기 내에서 황계열 악취물 질 뿐만 아니라 고농도 퇴적물에 함유된 전체 유기물 농도가 56% 감소하여, 전기산화시 스템이 악취를 유발하는 유기성 전구물질을 동시에 저감하는 효과를 나타내었다. 결과적 으로 최소한의 전기에너지를 이용하여 하수관거 퇴적 유기물에 의한 악취문제를 해결할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다

In order to use as a new functional honey, we analyzed the chemical components including the organic compounds, minerals and vitamic C of hairy vetch that is knowing as eco-friendly green manure crop recently in South Korea. The condensed rate of methanol extraction in honey was 84.48% and main organic compounds that extract by organic solvents in GC-MS analysis were trichloromethan, acetidin, propyl carbinol, methylolpropane, cyclopentane, dipropylmethane etc. Also, main aromatic compounds that extract by organic solvents in SPME analysis were hydrazine, n-dimethylhydrazine, carbamide resin, benzoguanamine, gentanol, cyclotrisiloxane, enanthaldehyde, heptaldehyde, silane, cinchoninaldehyde, quininaldehyde and so on. As proximate composition, crude ash content was higher than acacia honey(0.05%) by 0.2613%, and crude protein was higher than acacia honey (0.10%) by 0.28%, and crude fat was higher content than acacia honey(0.44%) by 0.57%. Free sugar that analyze by HPLC consisted of fructose 35.31%, glucose 26.96%, and total sugars was 62.27%. Minerals by ICP analysis were detected total 22 kinds, K 4.9185ppm > Na 3.4915ppm > Zn 3.178ppm > Ca 1.8575ppm > B 0.8495 ppm > Mg 0.5635ppm etc. Vitamin C was not detected and antioxidation test result by DPPH freeradical scavenge effect was slight compared to acacia honey.

In order to use as a new funtional food material, we analyzed the chemical components including the organic compounds, minerals and Vitamic C of jujube honey which were produced in South Korea. The condensed rate of methanol extraction in honey was 87.02% and main organic compounds that extract by organic solvents in GC-MS analysis were trichloromethane, triptane, 2-formylbutane, acetoxyethane, butyraldehyde, butanoic acid, cyclopentane, propanoic acid and so on. Also, main aromatic compounds that extract by organic solvents in SPME analysis were octacosane, pyrobenzol, hexatriacontane, cyclopentasiloxane, pelargonaldehyde, 3-azabenzonitrile, 4-pyridinecarbonitrile, nicotinonitrile, cyclohexatriene and many more. As proximate composition, crude ash content was higher than acacia honey(0.05%) by 0.698%, and crude protein was higher than acacia honey(0.10%) by 0.27%, but crude fat was lower content than acacia honey(0.44%) by 0.26%. Free sugar that analyze by HPLC consisted of fructose 37.47%, glucose 25.22%, and total sugars was 62.69%. Minerals by ICP analysis were detected total 19 kinds, K 12.575ppm > Na 1.8155ppm > Zn 1.3325ppm > Ca 0.6335ppm etc. Vitamin C was not detected and antioxidation test result by DPPH freeradical scavenge effect was hardly but high somewhat compared to acacia honey.

The children of daycare center are sensitive to indoor environmental pollution. This study was a preliminary investigation for improving the environmental and healthy quality of daycare centers. The sampling of sites in daycare centers was undertaken three times such as day-morning (10:00-12:00), afternoon (16:00-20:00), following dawn (04:00-08:00)-at 21 daycare centers located in Seoul, Korea from April, 2012 to July, 2012. The mean concentrations of TVOC were 255.2, 217.0, and 439.4 μg/m3 at morning, afternoon, and following dawn, respectively. The daycare center indoor/outdoor ratios on the most targeted volatile organic compounds were above 1.0 except that for carbon tetrachloride, which was almost 1.0. Significant correlations (p<0.01) were observed between indoor and outdoor carbon tetrachloride, which implies that indoor carbon tetrachloride could be largely accounted for by outdoor sources. The other targeted indoor volatile organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, xylenes, chloroform showed no significant correlations with that of outdoor.

There has been a growing concern about the emissions of formaldehyde and VOCs from automotive interior materials which could have an important impact on the in-vehicle air quality(IVAQ) of automotive vehicles. Many leading automobile manufacturers have now introduced their own specification standards for testing and limiting emissions from products produced by their suppliers. In addition, ISO (International Standard Organization) has been established ISO 12219-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 to determine the emissions of volatile organic compounds from automotive vehicle. The objective of this paper is to compare the area specific emission rates determined from surface emissions testing using the microchamber(MC) in comparison with a 1 m³ emission test chamber(ETC) operated in accordance with ISO 12219-3, ISO 12219-4. Measured emission concentrations in absolute terms were different between Microchamber and 1 m³ chamber. However, qualitative comparison of the chromatograms shows that the Microchamber is able to perform a screening test

This study was performed in the 175 selected child-care facilities in the urban area (Seoul, Suwon, Daejeon, and Busan) and the industrial complex area (Sihwa and Yeosu) to measure of the characteristics of VOCs in the indoor air from August, 2007 to April, 2008. All samples were collected at the indoor and outdoor places to the child-care facilities in spring, summer, and winter seasons using the Tenex absorption trap and were analyzed through the GC/MSD. The mean concentration of VOCs in the 175 child-card facilities showed the highest levels of 73.68 ㎍/m³in the toluene and the lowest levels of 0.28 ㎍/m³in the chlorobenzene. In the concentration of the TVOC, it exceeded 2.5 times more as the indoor air quality guideline in Korea. The result of this study was found that the concentration of VOCs in the child-care facilities in Korea may influenced from the some factors such as the constructional period, traffic density, and ventilation rate. These findings may expected to imply that effective risk management strategies should be applied to minimize the public health effects for children in the child-care facilities in Korea.

The aim of study was to investigate polluted amounts 16 PAHs in railroad(waste railway ties) area, factory area and land-fill area. All of the samples were analyzed by GC-MSD(SIM mode), and the recovery range, detection limit and standard deviation obtained by this experiment were 73.88 ~ 94.75%, 0.009 ~ 2.252 μg/kg and 1.861 ~ 12.373, respectively. The concentrations of total PAHs(t-PAHs) and total carcinogenic PAHs(t-PAHcarc) in soils of three area were in the range of 12.54 ~ 3274.95 μg/kg on a wet weight basis with a mean value of 499.8 μg/kg and 0 ~122.77 μg/kg with a mean value of 20.16 μg/kg, respectively. The correlation between t-PAHs and t-PAHcarc appeared very high in railroad(waste railway ties) area (R2 = 0.8301), factory area (R2 = 0.9217) except land-fill area(R2 = 0.3782), indicated that t-PAHcarc concentration increases in proportion with t-PAHs.

21종류의 폴리스티렌 용기를 대상으로 용출조건에 따른 용기내 증류수로 용출되는 5종의 VOCs(톨루엔, 스티렌, 에틸벤젠, 이소프로필벤젠 및 n-프로필벤젠)를 Purge&Trap 장치를 연결하여GC-FID로 분석하였다. 각 표준물질은 1~50 ng/ mL의 농도범위에서 직선성(r2 =0.9976~0.9995)을 나타냈으며, 검출한계는 0.041~0.092 ng/mL, 정량한계는 0.135~0.304 ng/mL 이었다. 용출조건은 첫째, 60oC에서 30분, 둘째, 95oC에서 30분, 셋째, 실생활에서 컵라면 섭취시를 고려하여 끓은 물을 부은 후 뚜껑을 덮고 3분간 유지한 다음 뚜껑을 열고 5분 동안 개방하여 용출시키는 것으로 설정하였다. 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 이소프로필벤젠 및 n-프로필벤젠은 평균용출량이 모든 조건에서 5 ng/mL 이하로 검출되었으며 스티렌의 경우는 60oC에서 평균용출량이 4.02 ng/mL, 95oC에서는 52.71 ng/mL, 컵라면 섭취시의 조건에서는 17.23 ng/mL로 검출되었다.

In this paper the lifetime risk assessment of exposure to airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in environmental atmosphere was carried out in one of the Korean industrial city, Gumi based on their measurements of VOCs at five representative outdoor monitoring sites. According to this study toluene, trichloroethylene, and dichloromethane are three main VOCs in Gumi. The carcinogenic risks 5the carcinogenic VOC are greater than the benchmark concentration (1.0E-6) in all five designated sites. Particularly, the Lifetime Cancer Risk in industrial complex 1 and 2 reached 9.64E-5 and 1.32E-4, respectively, both of which are far higher than the benchmark risks. The components of predominant risk in industrial areas are found as chloroform, benzene and trichloroethylene, while those of other sites are benzene and chloroform. It was estimated that the contributions of those componentsto cancer risk are not less than 90%. For non carcinogenic VOCs, the total hazard indices in 5 monitored sites are less than 1. The hazard index in industry complex No. 2 recorded the highest among 5 sites up to 0.663 due to the dominant contribution of 1, 2-dichloropropane by up to 50% (0.335). Based on this analysis, effective emission reduction for chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloropropane will rapidly I the cancer risks and hazard indices in Gumi.

Studies on the indoor air quality inside newly producted vehicle have made mainly mention of the concentrations for indoor air pollutants or of subjective symptoms, such as irritated eyes and nose, headache and dizziness. That is, there has been no report about how poor indoor air quality inside newly producted vehicle affects vehicle drivers. We measured the indoor air pollutants inside newly producted vehicle and evaluated the neurobehavioral performance of drivers, using a computerized neurobehavioral test (color word vigilance), between a newly producted and a 11-year-old vehicle. Inside the newly producted vehicle, the formaldehyde concentration with closed window was 19.1㎍/m³. The concentration of VOCs with closed window was 3.9㎍/m³ for benzene, 316.7㎍/m³ for toluene, 20.5㎍/m³ for ethylbenzene, 47.7㎍/m³ for m,p-xylene, 15.1㎍/m³ for o-xylene, and 15.3㎍/m³ for styrene. The neurobehavioral performance of drivers inside newly producted vehicle with the computerized neurobehavioral test was 11.05% lower than that for those inside 11-year-old control vehicle. These results suggest that the poor indoor air quality inside newly producted vehicle affects the neurobehavioral performance of driver and a proper evaluation of the indoor air quality inside newly producted vehicle is required into the health effects of pollutants with objective tool, in addition to the level of pollution.

We proposed the new nano-carbon ball (NCB) materials for eliminating the total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) from the felt which is built in the car. The concentrations of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde of the original felts were varied upon the different production lots. Acetaldehyde in the felt can be eliminated to target level(0.2μg) after introducing 0.5 wt% of NCB into the felt. Detector tube method for analyzing formaldehyde gas was more accurate than HPLC method. Formaldehyde can be eliminated to target level (64 ppb) after introducing 0.5 wt% of NCB into the felt. We also found that TVOC can be reduced to target level (0.32μg) after introducing 2.0 wt% of NCB. Upon introducing small amounts of NCB into the felt, it was possible that the level of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and TVOC formed from the felts can be reduced to the target level. We also suggest the effective analyzing method of TVOCs.

The airms of this study are to examine the concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in hospitals and to compare concentrations of VOCsin hospital with public facilities. Mean concentraton of total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) in hospital was 103.97±87.39㎍/m³, that was lower than guideline of KMOE. The highest concentration of VOCs in hospital was 19.07±13.47㎍/m³ for Toluene. The distribution of VOCs in hospitals was log-normal distribution. As the result of Monte carlo simulation, the distribution of VOCs in hospitals was log-normal distribution with the exception of Toluene with normal distribution.

xTiO2-ySiO2 system photocatalysts were developed by sol-gel method based on the change of production parameters, and their structure of crystallization and the specific surface area were measured. Considering the efficiency of the ethanol and phenol degradation using the catalyst, the conclusions were obtained as follows: By means of X-ray analysis of xTiO2-ySiO2 powder that is obtained from Titanium and Silicon alkoxide by sol-gel process, it is shown that crystal structure of anatase type is a dominating structure and, on the other hand, the structure of rutile also partly exists. The increase of SiO2 contents causes the decrease of the degree of crystallization of the gel, whereas the specific surface area preferentially increases. It is shown that more than 90% of ethanol and phenol are degraded when reaction time is about three and an hours, and the maximum degradation rate of ethanol and phenol is shown in 60TiO2-40SiO2 catalyst.

실내 공기는 대기와는 달리 실내 건축 자재에서 유래된 물질로 오염될 수 있다. 본 연구는 실내자재인 카펫에서 방출되는 휘발성 유기화합물의 생물학적 영향을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 카펫과 자주달개비 BNL 4430 꽃차례를 환경노출시험용기에 넣고 일정시간 노출을 실시하였고 흡착관의 VOCs에 대한 화학분석을 실시하였다. 화학분석결과 카펫에서는 12종의 VOCs가 방출되는 것이 확인되었으며 이중 스틸렌(71.9μg m-3)과 톨루엔(

This study was undertaken to determine the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the indoor air between houses of atopy, asthma patients and new houses. Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) in the indoor and outdoor air of normal houses were measured as 92.6 and 72.5 ㎍/㎥, respectively. TVOCs in the indoor and outdoor air of atopy patient's houses were 152 and 42.1 ㎍/㎥. TVOCs in the indoor and outdoor air of asthma patient's houses was 165 and 50.1 ㎍/㎥. TVOCs in the indoor and outdoor air of new houses was 158 and 78.3 ㎍/㎥. It was found that the concentrations of VOCs were higher in the indoor air of atopy, asthma patient's and new houses than the normal houses. This suggests that the concentration of VOCs can influence atopy and asthma.