As the uncertainty of technology development and market needs increases due to changes in the global business environment, the interest and demand for R&D activities of individual companies are increasing. To respond to these environmental changes, technology commercialization players are paying great attention to enhancing the qualitative competitiveness of R&D. In particular, R&D companies in the marine and fishery sector face many difficulties compared to other industries. For example, the R&D environment is barren, it is challenging to secure R&D human resources, and it is facing a somewhat more difficult environment compared to other sectors, such as the difficulty in maintaining R&D continuity due to the turnover rate of researchers. In this study, based on the empirical data and patent status of private companies closely related to the R&D technology status, big data analysis, and simulation analysis methods were used to identify the relative position of individual companies' R&D capabilities and industrial perspectives. In this study, based on industrial evidence and patent applications closely related to the R&D technology status, the R&D capabilities of individual companies were evaluated using extensive data analysis and simulation analysis methods, and a statistical test was performed to analyze if there were differences in capabilities from an industrial point of view. At this time, the industries to be analyzed were based on all sectors, the maritime industry, the fisheries industry, and the maritime industry integration sector. In conclusion, it was analyzed that there was a certain level of difference in the R&D capabilities of individual companies in each industry sector, Therefore when developing a future R&D capability system, it was confirmed that it was necessary to separate the population for each industry and establish a strategy.

This study aims to investigate how the differences in expression caused by different ways of how to see and think affect the students learning Japanese at basic levels. The participants were 30 Korean students, learning translation into Japanese at basic levels. In the class, they read Japanese picture books and their Korean version ones and discussed the differences between them. A simple survey was conducted, and a m ini-exam w as g iven. The participants recognized the difference in how to see and how to think between the two languages, such as why particular expressions were used. The results showed an effect on enhancing their learning motivation and it also confirmed that there is an effect enhancing the learning motivation in the students who were interested in reading picture books while sitting in a circular fashion. In addition, the mini-exam results showed an improvement in the students' interest and concentration in class. As can be seen from these results, recognizing the difference between Korean and Japanese expressions in picture books can positively impact on raising students’ interest, motivation, and enthusiasm in beginner level of learners of Japanese.

본 연구는 진로 성숙도와 진로 결정의 자기효능감이 진로 결정 이후의 노동시장 성과에 어떠한 영향 을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한, 성별이 청소년 후기의 진로 발달과 20대 후반의 노동시장 성과 간의 관계에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 평가하였다. 본 연구는 한국고용정보원에서 수집한 ‘청년패널조사 (YP)’ 데이터를 사용하였다. 2008년, 2010년, 2020년에 778명의 응답자로부터 수집한 정보를 활용하 여 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 진로발달 수준은 고등학교와 대학 재학 기간 동안 지속적으로 향상 되었으며, 대학 시절의 진로발달 수준이 노동시장 성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 성별에 따라 진로발달과 노동시장 성과 간의 관계에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 성인 진입기에 진로발달을 위한 적극적인 개입이 필요함을 보여준다. 즉 노동시장 성과를 향상시키는 데 성인 진입기의 진로발달 프로그램 제공 등이 긍정적으로 기여할 수 있음을 시사한다. 한편 여성의 진로 는 남성의 경우보다 일-가정 양립 문제와 밀접한 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

본고는 부정문에 출현해서 소위 ‘강조’의 의미를 갖는 어기부사 ‘就’와 ‘才’의 화용 기능 차이를 분석했다. 화자가 ‘就’를 사용하는 것은 청자에게 자신의 입장을 일방적 으로 통보하고, 청자의 개입을 차단하기 위해서이다. 반대로 ‘才’는 담화를 시작하며 청자의 동의와 공감을 기대하는 확신 표지 ‘呢’와 결합해 화자의 발화에 대해 청자가 동의하고 공감해 주기를 바란다. 즉, 부정문에서 사용된 ‘就’는 화자의 입장만을 일방 적으로 전달하는 폐쇄적인 표지라면 ‘才’는 청자의 개입을 허용하는 열린 표지라고 할 수 있겠다.

Background: Older adults use different ankle muscle activation patterns during difficult static balance conditions. It has been suggested that this is related to a decline in proprioception with age, resulting in reduced postural balance. However, the association between proprioception and ankle muscle activity during quiet standing has not been directly assessed. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of age and sensory condition on ankle muscle activity and the association between ankle proprioception and ankle muscle activity. Methods: We recruited 10 young women and 9 older women. Ankle proprioception was evaluated using joint position sense (JPS) and force sense (FS) divided by dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The electromyographic activity of the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GCM) muscles was collected during quiet standing. Results: Older women activated GCM muscle more than young during quiet standing and when performing difficult tasks. Older women had more errors in JPS dorsiflexion and FS plantarflexion than did young. The GCM muscle activity is related to JPS dorsiflexion and FS plantarflexion. Conclusion: Lower proprioception of the GCM with age leads to increased muscle activity, resulting in reduced postural balance. There was no difference in TA proprioception or muscle activity among older women with frequent physical activity.

Background: During postural control, older adults are more dependent on proprioception than are young adults. Ankle proprioception, which plays an important role in maintaining postural balance, decreases with age. Published studies are insufficient to establish a significant age difference in postural sway resulting from the known age-related decrease in ankle proprioception and do not examine various detailed test conditions. Objects: The present study aimed to compare ankle proprioception between older and younger groups along dimensions of position vs. force proprioception and dorsiflexion vs. plantarflexion. The present study also aimed to compare postural sway between young and older women during quiet standing under two sensory conditions. Methods: We recruited seven young women aged 21–24 and seven older women aged 60–63. Ankle proprioception was assessed as the accuracy of the joint position sense (JPS) and the force sense (FS). Postural sway was assessed using center-of-pressure measurements recorded during quiet standing under two sensory positions: eyes open and eyes closed with head tilted back. Results: Older women had lower JPS in dorsiflexion and lower FS in plantarflexion than did younger women. We found no significant age differences in JPS in plantarflexion or in FS in dorsiflexion. We observed a main effect of group on postural sway in two sway parameters out of three. We observed significant differences in JPS with dorsiflexion, and in FS with plantarflexion. Conclusion: Proprioception for ankle plantar flexor decreased more significantly with aging than did that for ankle dorsiflexor, accounting for the impaired postural balance observed in older women.

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to compare clinical features of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTGAP) with those of biliary acute pancreatitis (BAP) and alcoholic acute pancreatitis (AAP), respectively. Methods: Medical records of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) who were admitted to our institution from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Disease severity and local complications were evaluated according to the 2012 Revised Atlanta Classification. Systemic complications were evaluated according to the Modified Marshall Scoring System. Results: Of the total 610 patients with AP, those with BAP, AAP, and HTGAP were 310 (50.8%), 144 (23.6%), and 17 (2.8%), respectively. Compared with BAP, HTGAP showed higher proportion of moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) (64.7% vs. 28.1%, p<0.001) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) (17.6% vs. 5.5%, p <0.001). And HTGAP showed more local complications (76.5% vs. 26.8%, p<0.001) and higher recurrence rate (52.9% vs. 6.5%, p <0.001), but there was no significant difference in systemic complications (23.5% vs. 11.6%, p =0.140). Contrarily, there was no significant difference between HTGAP and AAP with respect to disease severity (64.7% vs. 63.9% in MSAP and 17.6% vs. 6.9% in SAP, p =0.181), local complications (76.5% vs. 67.4%, p =0.445), recurrence rate (52.9% vs. 32.6%, p =0.096), and systemic complications (23.5% vs. 11.5%, p =0.233). Conclusions: HTGAP showed higher disease severity, more local complications, and higher recurrence rate than BAP. However, there was no significant difference in clinical features between HTGAP and BAP.

As the top priority in language teaching, vocabulary teaching has attracted the attention of the academic circles.As an important module in advanced teaching, the teaching of short word has also been valued by many scholars. Synonyms have always been a difficult problem and a key problem for learners and teachers. Therefore, the author selected a pair of synonyms, “对比” and “对照” with high use frequency and high error rate, as the research objects. This article starts from the interpretation of “对比” and “对照” in the three dictionaries of “现汉”, “规范” and “应用”, first compares the definitions of “对比” and “对照” in the same dictionary, and then compares the definitions of “对比” and “对照” in the three dictionaries respectively. It is found that the definitions in the three dictionaries of “现汉”, “规范” and “应用”, although they are roughly the same, but they are not exactly the same. I also found that there were also great differences in the discrimination contents given in different dictionaries. Therefore, when learning or when teaching, relying completely on dictionaries can not completely solve the problem.By using the analysis of “contrast” and “control”. The synonyms and discriminatives of “对比” and “对照” were analyzed. and the similarities and differences were found, and the requirements of “对比” and “对 照” were interchangeable.

본 연구는 ‘인생에서 사회경제적으로 성취한 것에 대한 만족도’를 의미하는 사회적․경제적 성취만족도(협의의 성취만족도)를 다루고 있다. ‘성취동기’는 성취를 이끌어 내는 데에 초점을 두고 있는데 비해, ‘성취만족도’는 성취에 대한 개인적인 평가와 의미에 초점을 두는 개념이다. 성취만족도는 성취와 성취동기의 상호작용에 있어서 연결고리의 역할을 하며 성취와 성취동기에 대한 입체적 분석을 가능케 한다. 또한, 성취만족도는 사회인구학적 변수들(소득, 재산, 학력 등)이 생활만족도나 성평등 등에 미치는 영향을 분석할 때에도 매개적 역할을 할 것으로 기대되는 변수이다. 이런 효용에도 불구하고 아직 성취만족도에 대한 학술적 차원의 연구가 많지 않은 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 성취만족도를 실증적으로 탐색하기 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구는 통계청에서 진행한 2018~2020 년 사회조사 데이터를 활용하였으며, 만 19세 이상의 성인 35,331명을 대상으로 하였다. 기술적 분석과 t-test, ANOVA를 사용하여 데이터를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 연구결과, 성취만족도는 성별·연 령집단 내에서 코로나19 전후로 차이를 보였고, 주거점유 형태에 따라서도 차이를 보였으며, 또한 교육정도에 따라서도 차이를 보였다.

교량의 내진보강용으로 탄성받침이 널리 사용되고 있다. 이에 사용되는 고무재료는 크게 천연고무(NR), 합성고무 (CR), 이 둘을 적정하게 배합한 혼합고무(BR)가 있다. 강재와 달리 고무재료는 다양한 환경요인에 의해 노화(열화)가 빨리 진행 되고 이로 인해 전단강성에 변화가 발생한다. 교량받침에 적용되는 3가지 고무재료에 대해서 전단시편을 제작하여 열을 가하여 노화를 촉진시킨 후(노화촉진시험) 전단성능시험을 수행하였다. 시험변수는 노화촉진온도 3가지(70℃, 80℃, 90℃)와 노출시간 10단계(Fresh∼168days)로 설정하였으며, 시험의 신뢰도를 향상시키기 위해 각각의 변수별로 4개의 시험체를 제작하였다. 시험체는 총 360개이다. 전단성능시험 결과 노출강도가 클수록(노화촉진온도가 높을수록, 노출시간이 길수록) 노화에 따른 고무의 전단 경화 현상(전단강성 증가)이 나타났으며 노화강도가 클수록 심화되었다. 이런 경향은 천연고무(NR), 혼합고무(BR), 합성고무 (CR) 순으로 크케 나타났다. 향후 실제 고무받침에 대해서도 노화에 의한 전단거동 특성 연구가 필요하다.